杉木第2代种子园半同胞子代测定及早期选择

在福建省沙县官庄国有林场对杉木第2代种子园半同胞子代进行研究。结果表明,杉木第2代种子园半同胞子代保存率和生长性状在家系水平上均有统计学意义,并受到中度或中度偏下遗传控制。较树高、胸径而言,以材积为指标进行选择可获得更大遗传增益。据连续4 a调查数据从参试家系中综合选择出6个优良家系和12株优良单株,选择效果明显。同时,选择出9个生长不良的家系为第2代种子园疏伐对象,以此措施提高杉木第2代种子园种子遗传品质。     

杉木优良家系幼林密度和施肥试验研究

通过对福建省明溪县夏阳乡杉木良种幼林进行５个家系，５种密度，３种肥料的试验，结果表明，不同家系，密度，肥料间的效应不同，各家系间杉木幼林的生长差异显著（Ｆ＝４．３０），施肥对不同家系的增长效果不尽相同，其中以Ａ、Ｄ家系生长效果最好；不同密度对各家系幼林的施肥效果影响也不相同，以中等密度的杉木幼林施肥效果最好；磷肥对杉木幼林的增长效果较为明显，氮肥效果则不明显。     

杉木基因型与环境交互效应的AMMI模型分析

对选自中国南方的１１２个杉木自由授粉家系在八个测试点进行了生长性状的遗传评定。ＡＭＭＩ（加性主效应与复合交互效应）模型分析揭示存在着显著的家系与地点交互效应。根据家系平均ＡＭＭＩ估算和交互第一主分量轴得分对地点所作的聚类分析，以及地点间的遗传相关分析，测试点被划分成四个地点群，有证据表证，就生长性状而言，杉木的育种区早分可能与地理区域尤其是纬度带相重叠。１１２个自由授粉家系依据其交互ＰＣＡ１及平均     

云南松母树和不同采种时间对球果发育及种子质量的影响

为了解采种时间和母树对云南松球果和种子性状的影响,对云南大理弥渡第一代无性系种子园混合家系种子培育苗木造林的11 a生云南松人工林进行采种研究.选择10株结实良好的母树,于10月底至翌年3月中旬分6批次采种,以采种时期和母树为因素,构成2因子完全随机设计.结果表明,处理组合的球果横径、纵径、干质量、含水质量分数、出种率和种子千粒质量分别为29.6～46.6 mm、51.21～85.67mm、15.4～50.4 g/个、8.9%～51.8%、1.7%～4.1%和10.4～20.6 g,不同处理组合的以上指标均具有极显著的差异(P≈0.000 0.01),除采种时间是影响球果含水质量分数的主导因子外,影响其余指标的主导因子均为母树.球果横径和纵径与其干质量、含水质量分数及种子千粒质量间均呈极显著的正相关(R=0.161～0.873,P≈0.000 0.01),即球果尺寸可反映种实的质量.     

杉木球果麦蛾生物生态学特性的研究

杉木球果麦蛾是危害杉木球果和种子的一个新害虫，在中国危害杉木，广泛分布于中国南部。该虫以幼虫钻蛀球果的苞鳞、果轴及种子，使球果变色、干枯及畸形。本文报道了该虫的生物生态学特性。     

杉木种子园遗传效益的估算

<正>杉木无性系种子园的面积3.0公顷,包括46个无性系,于1966年进行嫁接。实生苗种子园的面积0.6公顷,包括30个自由授粉的家系,于1967年栽植。 根据子代测定的结果,优良母树的后代,在相同立地条件和一致的经营管理下,在7年生时,材积生长比一般对照大“14—39％;种子园的后代则比对照大33—74％。然而,当半同胞子代在四个不同地点测定时,其树高生长比对照大6—22％。 7—13年生的杉木树高、胸径和材积的广义遗传力是按家系和单株估算的。单株树的树高和材积遗传力估值是0.2,而直径的遗传力估值为0.3。家系树高、胸径和材积遗传力估值是0.4。2—4年生时,全同胞家系树高狭义遗传力估值是0.3。 期望遗传效益是在各种不同选择强度下计算的(P_1=0.01;P_2=0.1,0.2和0.3;P_3=0.01,0.02和0.05)。对第一代无性系种子园在材积生产和其它生长性状方面的遗传效益进行预测。杉木各生长性状的遗传效益的估值如下:树高6.54一6.7.％,胸径19.12—19.68％,材积27.38—23.09％。然而,从第一代实生苗种子园在胸径生长方面预测的遗传效益值接近于20—26％。 第二代亲木的选择是在于代测定的材料中进行的。当假定把整个杉木育种方案的成木与期待增加的收益结合起来考虑时,其所得到的净收入值,证实了子代测定的实用价值。研究证明,每一公顷种子园的期待净收入元。     

苏南杉木优质高产优树的子代选择

对苏南杉木５０个优树自由授粉半同胞家系林１２ａ木材基本密度测定表明，优树子代有显著变异，家系间变异〉家系内变异。木材性状与树高有显著中等强度负遗传相关与胸径，材积的负遗传相关不明显。性状变异的大小为树高〉胸径〉基本密度。供试群体中有９个家系子代生长和材性优于对照。经材积生长与材性性状两阶段独立选择法联合改良，选出句东２４，漂黄１，句１２，句１４四个优质高产的当地杉木优良家系，１２ａ材积遗传增益达１     

杉木种子园球果虫害及变色对种子影响的研究

1989年在福建省洋口林场杉木种子园检测了3个无性系(6421,47,33)、64株标准株、3508个球果。结果表明球果害虫主要是杉木球果麦蛾,而杉木扁长蝽等的危害及炭疽菌、散斑壳菌的侵染可导致球果变色。方差分析显示:球果虫害及变色明显影响鲜果重、种子重、千粒重及出籽率,但它们对发芽率及涩籽率无显著影响。     

浙江杉木优良家系区域试验研究

对杉木优良家系全国区域试验浙江试验点5年生2个地点、9年生1个地点试验林的生长量、木 材密度和23年的生长量进行了分析。结果表明：9年生时来自全国14个种子园112个优良家系(每个种 子园选8个家系参试)的生长性状在不同种子园间和家系间均存在极显著的差异;木材密度性状仅在 家系间存在差异。生长性状间表型相关极其密切,遗传相关系数为0.746~0.985。生长性状与木材密 度为不密切的负相关关系,趋向于呈相对独立遗传。对23年生试验林的生长量调查分析表明,来自 不同种子园的家系在种子园来源和种子园内的家系间仍然普遍存在显著的遗传差异。以种子园平均 表现为据,来自湖南、福建、贵州3省的种子园及其家系总体表现持续位列前茅;以不同家系为据, 在参试的112个家系中选出黔锦屏61、闽建53、湘大堡子30等22个最优良家系,其材积实际增益为 135.5 %~344.1 %,木材密度大于总体平均值0~18.7 %。实验林第5和第9年生时评选出的优良家系到 第23年生时的准确率分别为31.8 %和40.9 %。结果同时还揭示,地点间、种子园×地点间存在显著 互作效应,表明在浙江试验点,立地等环境条件对杉木生长也有重要影响。     

杉木种子园不同无性系及不同树冠高度种子质量的研究

根据树冠不同层次的年龄将杉木树冠划分为若干年龄段，研究了安徽省休宁县山斗杉木种子园福建种源不同无性系以及不同树冠高度的种子质量，结果表明：（１）各无性系正常种子、涩粒、空粒百分率以及正常种子活力差异极显著，无性系平均涩粒含量５６％，最高达８１％；空粒仅为１１％左右。（２）树冠上部第２、３年龄段（第１年龄段无球果）正常种子百分率最高，中部、下部次之；涩粒百分率随年龄段年龄的增加而增加，并且均超过５０     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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