蓄热（冷）器

采暖、空调和热水供应系统采用蓄热（冷）器可以充分利用太阳能、地热能、废废和余热等低品位能源,达到节能的目的。本文综述了可供采暖、空调和热水供应系统采用的各种类型的蓄热（冷）器,着重介绍了国外研制和使用情况。     

拉萨市民用建筑采暖热源经济性分析

从初投资和运行费用方面,对拉萨市民用建筑的外围护结构保温、被动太阳能和民用采暖可能采用的三种热源系统--太阳能热水、燃煤集中供热和电蓄热锅炉供热进行了综合比较.结果表明:拉萨市的民用建筑采暖应建立在建筑保温和被动太阳能利用的基础上,而太阳能热水热源在当地具有更好的经济性.     

内蒙古地区太阳能热水采暖系统的应用研究

太阳能采暖系统是一种满足住户采暖和热水供应需求的新型太阳能热水系统,能有效的减少常规能源的消耗。针对北方寒冷地区气候特点,研究了一套新型的太阳能热水采暖组合系统,阐述了其工作流程,并以内蒙古新能源试验示范基地太阳房为试点,对其太阳能采暖和生活用热水供应的可行性、经济性进了行分析。     

三角腔吸热体槽式聚光型太阳能空调系统

本文主要讨论了利用腔体式吸收器和槽式聚光反射集热技术构建太阳能中温集热系统,产生150℃热水或导热油,驱动双效吸收溴化锂空调机运行制冷。通过建设太阳能空调示范系统,在满足夏天制冷、冬天采暖、四季产生热水的需求情况下,研究系统结构、运行及监测方法等,为太阳能空调系统工程应用提供技术支持。     

集中供暖住宅太阳能生活热水系统设计分析

提出了一种以户为单位的太阳能生活热水系统和低温热水地板辐射供暖系统的组合方案.集中供暖系统作为太阳能热水系统的补充热源,同时也是太阳能富余热量的回收装置;该方案能够充分地利用所收集的太阳能,在供暖的同时,还全年供应生活热水.根据两安市的气象资料对该方案进行的分析表明:在连续运行的情况下,系统运行能耗和费用较低.     

国内可再生能源文献信息

GN060401太阳能地源热泵蓄能空调系统的研究，邓新华，节能技术，2006，24（3）：209—211．奥运科技专项课题“新能源综合利用建筑研究与示范”，将新能源与建筑有效结合。综合采用了建筑节能技术、太阳能空调制冷采暖、太阳能蓄热（冷）技术、蓄能地板采暖技术、地源热泵技术。新能源在建筑供暖中的比例为81．64％。     

太阳能溶液除湿空调(下)

五太阳能溶液蓄能太阳能是分布广泛、使用清洁的可再生能源,但太阳辐射的不连续性和不稳定性,成为太阳能利用的关键问题。太阳能溶液除湿空调系统可吸收太阳能,并以空调能力的形式储存于除湿剂浓溶液中,是一种有效的蓄能方式。太阳能溶液除湿空调循环中,浓溶液在除湿     

某校学生浴室热水供应方案比较与经济性分析

对上海某校学生浴室热水供应方案进行了比较和经济性分析,指出采用太阳能 电锅炉蓄热方式清洁、安全、管理方便、能保证热水供应,且在15年使用寿命中所需费用最少,是推荐采用的方案。     

单双效结合运行的溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵

在传统的单效和双效溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵的基础上,开发单双效结合运行的溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵机组。当用户需求热水温度较低时,机组以双效模式运行;反之,机组则以单效模式运行。克服了溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵供热系统中机组模式单一化、运行效率低的缺点,实现了一台机组两种模式运行的方案,提高了设备和资源的利用率,具有良好的节能效益和经济效益。     

相变蓄能太阳能热泵系统的蓄热特性研究

将太阳能光热技术、空气源热泵技术以及相变蓄能技术加以整合,研制一套复合型热水制取系统,为建筑热水供给的节能降耗提出一种思路。完成系统的设计及搭建,并在不同控制逻辑下对系统性能进行测试,着重分析相变蓄热材料对蓄热水箱的蓄热特性影响。研究发现布置有相变蓄能材料的蓄热水箱相较无相变蓄能材料的蓄热水箱其持续出热水的时间增加,出热水率提升,温度分层更好,性能得到提升。除此之外,数据显示对流量的控制亦是优化该系统蓄热特性的关键因素。     

Design and transient-based analysis of a power to hydrogen (P2H2) system for an off-grid zero energy building with hydrogen energy storage

In this study, zero energy building (ZEB) with four occupants in the capital and most populated city of Iran as one of the biggest greenhouse gas producers is simulated and designed to reduce Iran's greenhouse emissions. Due to the benefits of hydrogen energy and its usages, it is used as the primary energy storage of this building. Also, the thermal comfort of occupants is evaluated using the Fanger model, and domestic hot water consumption is supplied. Using hydrogen energy as energy storage of an off-grid zero energy building in Iran by considering occupant thermal comfort using the fanger model has been presented for the first time in this study. The contribution of electrolyzer and fuel cell in supplying domestic hot water is shown. For this simulation, Trnsys software is used. Using Trnsys software, the transient performance of mentioned ZEB is evaluated in a year. PV panels are used for supplying electricity consumption of the building. Excess produced electricity is converted to hydrogen and stored in the hydrogen tank when a lack of sunrays exists and electricity is required. An evacuated tube solar collector is used to produce hot water. The produced hot water will be stored in the hot water tank. For supplying the cooling load, hot water fired water-cooled absorption chiller is used. Also, a fan coil with hot water circulation and humidifier are used for heating and humidifying the building. Domestic hot water consumption of the occupants is supplied using stored hot water and rejected heat of fuel cell and the electrolyzer. The thermal comfort of occupants is evaluated using the Fanger model with MATLAB software. Results show that using 64 m² PV panel power consumption of the building is supplied without a power outage, and final hydrogen pressure tank will be higher than its initial and building will be zero energy. Required hot water of the building is provided with 75 m² evacuated tube solar collector. The HVAC system of the building provided thermal comfort during a year. The monthly average of occupant predicted mean vote (PMV) is between ?0.4 and 0.4. Their predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD) is lower than 13%. Also, supplied domestic hot water (DHW) always has a temperature of 50 °C, which is a setpoint temperature of DHW. Finally, it can be concluded that using the building's rooftop area can be transformed to ZEB and reduce a significant amount of greenhouse emissions of Iran. Also, it can be concluded that fuel cell rejected heat, unlike electrolyzer, can significantly contribute to supplying domestic hot water requirements. Rejected heat of electrolyzer for heating domestic water can be ignored.     

太阳能吸收式空调及供热系统的设计和性能

一套太阳能吸收式空调及供热综合系统已在山东省乳山市建成。该系统由热管式真空管集热器、溴化锂吸收式制冷机、储水箱、循环、冷却塔、空调箱、辅助燃油锅炉和自动控制系统等内部分组成,具有夏季制冷、冬季供热和全年提供生活用热水等功能。太阳能集热器总采光面积540m∧2,制冷、供热功率100kW,空调、采暖建筑面积1000m∧2供生活用热水量32m∧3／d。文中着重介绍了系统的设计特点和测试性能。     

Computer simulation of solar cooled buildings in Khartoum

The transient state heat transfer formulation has been used to determine the air conditioning cooling load for two selected one room buildings in Khartoum: one made from brickwork and the other from wood. This formulation has been achieved by applying an explicit finite difference numerical techniques and adopting thermal network of electrical analogy to solve the transient conduction heat transfer equations. A computer program was developed to analyse the thermal network and to determine the cooling load for the wall, roof, window, ventilation and the total cooling load for each building for a typical hot summer day in Khartoum.A solar cooling system comprising mainly of a flat plate solar collector, a Lithium Bromide-Water absorption air conditioner, a storage and auxiliary tanks was integrated in the building and the energy equation for each component was obtained. A general simulation program for the solar cooled buildings has been developed and it was found that about 65% of the total cooling load demanded by the brick building could be supplied by energy from the solar collector, the other 35% portion had to be met by the auxiliary tank compared with 70% of the total cooling load demanded by the wood building which could be supplied by energy from the solar collector.     

太阳能热水空调建筑一体化系统

设计了太阳能热水空调建筑一体化系统。该系统由2台冷水水冷机组、2个平板型太阳能集热器单元、1个贮热水箱、2个贮冷水箱和77台供冷终端组成,为海南省昌江县人民医院内儿科77个病房提供空调冷量和洗澡用热水。该系统初投资少,设备利用率高。经过1年的应用运行,取得了节约能源、减少对环境热污染的效果,为更好地推广应用太阳能探索一条新的路子。     

Experimental investigation and simulation analysis of the thermal performance of a balcony wall integrated solar water heating unit

A balcony wall type solar water heater system was designed and constructed in a high-rise building. The U-type evacuated glass tube solar collector is fixed vertically on the balcony wall. The water, heated in the solar collector, flows through the exchanger coil in the water tank and then flows back to the solar collector. With regard to the hot water supply system, the cold water, heated by the heat exchanger, is sent to the point of use. Considering storeys and water consumption pattern, four apartments are selected for testing. Meanwhile, the theoretical analysis with TRNSYS was presented. According to the experimental results, mean daily collector efficiency is about 40%. Solar fraction is high in summer and autumn for the relative high radiation and high ambient temperature. Under given conditions, the annual energy extracted from tank is 2805.3 MJ/m², and the annual solar fraction is 40.5%. When the tank volume-to-collector area ratio is decreased to 37.5 L/m², the solar fraction can be increased to 50%. The results show that the family to use water all day round gets higher solar fraction than the family using hot water mostly in the morning and night.     

太阳能地面采暖系统蓄热水箱容积分析

通过分析太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热鼍与建筑热负荷、太阳能集热量日变化规律之间的关系,得出太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热水箱容积的理论算式.根据拉萨、银川、西宁、西安等地的太阳辐射强度及建筑热负荷的日变化规律,模拟得出系统所需蓄热量变化规律;并对各种蓄热温差下对应的蓄热水箱容积进行了模拟分析,结果表明:太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热量随太阳集热器的集热量与建筑热负荷之间的差值增大而增加;蓄热水箱容积随蓄热温差增大而减小,当蓄热水温达到80℃时,在各种地面采暖系统取水温度下,单位集热器面积所需蓄热水箱容积趋于相等.     

用于太阳能空调的板型溴化锂吸收式制冷机

溴化锂吸收式制冷循环用于太阳能空调需要解决的主要问题是循环系统要适合集热器所能提供的热水温度范围，和提高溴冷机本身性能并降低其制造成本。板型(包括板壳式、板式、板翅式)换热器用于溴冷机具有效率高、结构紧凑、轻巧和成本较低等优点，已被本课题组研制的1台3kW板型单效溴冷机实验样机所证实。     

Identifying key design parameters of the integrated energy system for a residential Zero Emission Building in Norway

This study examined an integrated solution of the building energy supply system consisting of flat plate solar thermal collectors in combination with a ground-source heat pump and an exhaust air heat pump for the heating and cooling, and production of domestic hot water. The supply energy system was proposed to a 202 m² single-family demo dwelling (SFD), which is defined by the Norwegian Zero Emission Building standard. The main design parameters were analyzed in order to find the most essential parameters, which could significantly influenced the total energy use. This study found that 85% of the total heating demand of the SFD was covered by renewable energy. The results showed that the solar energy generated by the system could cover 85–92% and 12–70% of the domestic hot water demand in summer and winter respectively. In addition, the solar energy may cover 2.5–100% of the space heating demand. The results showed that the supply air volume, supply air and zone set point temperatures, auxiliary electrical volume, volume of the DHW tank, orientation and tilt angle and the collector area could influenced mostly the total energy use.     

非跟踪低倍聚光热管式真空管集热器的实验研究

太阳能是一种取之不尽用之不竭的清洁能源,但存在分散性强、能量密度低、不稳定等特点,因此为了得到高能量密度和稳定的能量供应,需要解决聚光和储能两大问题。针对这两个问题,本文采用非跟踪低倍聚光的集热器和保温效果良好的储热油箱,提出了一种非跟踪低倍聚光热管式真空管集热器;基于几何光学原理,模拟了热管式真空管和半圆聚光器的不同放置方式和位置的聚光效率,制作了半圆形聚光热管式真空管集热器系统,选择了合适的储热油箱并进行了保温效果的理论计算;最后对该系统进行了集热性能测试实验。实验结果表明,在半圆形聚光器的聚光下,系统的瞬时效率截距为0.66,热损系数为2.53 W/(m2•℃)。该系统完全能够满足人们的日常生活用热的需求,具有良好的应用前景。