缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者治疗前后血清中白细胞介素4与干扰素-γ水平的变化

目的 探讨缺血性心肌病心力衰竭发病与白细胞介素4(IL-4)和干扰素(IFN)-γ的关系.方法 采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定40例缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者(心力衰竭组)治疗前后血清IL-4和IFN-γ水平,并与20例健康体检者(健康对照组)进行比较.心力衰竭组中,心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级17例,心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级23例,比较不同心功能分级患者血清IL-4和IFN-γ水平的差异.结果 心力衰竭组治疗前血清IL-4水平与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗前后血清IL-4水平无明显变化(P＞0.05).而心力衰竭组治疗前IFN-γ水平[(8.30±2.22)ng/L]显著高于健康对照组[(3.94±1.05)ng/L](P＜0.01),治疗后IFN-γ水平[(5.22±1.83)ng/L]显著下降(P＜0.01),但仍显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).心力衰竭组中,心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者与心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级者血清IL-4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者IFN-γ水平[(6.04±0.98)ng/L]显著低于心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级者[(9.96±1.09)ng/L](P＜0.01).结论 IFN-γ与缺血性心肌病心力衰竭发病过程明显相关,IL-4与缺血性心肌病心力衰竭发病无明显相关性.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者外周血辅助性T细胞22及白细胞介素-22水平分析

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者外周血辅助性T细胞22(Th22)及白细胞介素-22(IL-22)水平。方法纳入44例COPD急性加重期患者、36例COPD稳定期患者和30名健康体检者为研究对象,采用流式细胞术检测外周血Th22比例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测IL-22表达水平,比较三组差异。结果三组研究对象年龄和性别构成比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。COPD急性加重期组外周血Th22比例[(0.96±0.71)%]高于COPD稳定期组[(0.29±0.12)%]和对照组[(0.28±0.11)%](均P0.05);COPD稳定期组与对照组外周血Th22比例差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。COPD急性加重期组血清IL-22表达水平[(3.34±1.32)pg/m L]高于COPD稳定期组[(1.49±0.64)pg/m L]和对照组[(1.81±0.56)pg/m L](均P0.05);COPD稳定期组和对照组血清IL-22表达水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 COPD急性加重期患者外周血Th22及IL-22呈高表达,可能参与COPD发病过程。     

食管癌患者血清细胞因子和免疫球蛋白水平的动态观察

目的 研究白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)及免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)在食管癌患者血清中的水平变化,并探讨IL-2、IL-8、IgG、IgA、IgM水平在食管肿瘤临床分期之间的相关关系.方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测了72例食管癌早期(I-II)患者、68例食管癌晚期(Ⅲ-Ⅳ)患者和120例对照者血清IL-2、IL-8水平,同时对食管癌患者血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM指标进行动态观察.结果 血清IL-2水平食管癌早期患者组[(1.69±0.53)ng/m1]和食管癌晚期组患者[(1.11±0.60)ng/m1]显著低于正常对照组[(2.78±0.51)ng/m1](P＜0.01),晚期患者较早期明显降低(P＜0.05);血清IL-8水平食管癌早期患者组[(85.48±6.14)ng/L]和食管癌晚期患者组[(121.41±6.22) ng/L]均显著高于正常对照组[(54.48±12.20)ng/L](P＜0.01),晚期患者较早期升高(P＜0.01);食管癌患者血清IL-2及IL-8水平与肿瘤的恶性化程度有明显相关性.而食管癌患者IgG[(12.23±2.50)g/L]、IgM[(1.60±0.80)g/L]含量与正常对照组IgG[(11.65±3.70)g/L]、IgM[(1.46±0.71)g/L]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),IgA的含量[(3.50±1.10)g/L]与正常对照组[(1.88±1.08)g/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且随病情的恶化程度IgA水平的变化有增高趋势.结论 IL-8在食管癌发病过程中可能起着促进作用,而IL-2可能起着抑制作用,IgA 在食管癌病人中呈正相关;三者的免疫失调状态可能与食管癌密切相关;IL-2、IL-8、IgA 水平可作为食管癌病情监测的指标,同时对肿瘤的临床分期、疗效和预后的判断也有一定的帮助.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者沙利度胺治疗前后白细胞介素-6的表达

目的 探讨沙利度胺治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的作用机制.方法 采用放射免疫分析法检测15例健康体检者(对照组)、18例未治疗MM患者(未治疗组)、31例治疗后的MM患者(联合化疗组15例,沙利度胺+联合化疔组16例)的血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平.结果 MM患者血清IL-6水平(18.66±3.46)ng/L明显高于对照组(11.24±2.05)ng/L(P＜0.01),特别在未治疗组血清IL-6水平最高[(22.26±4.53)ng/L].联合化疗组患者血清IL-6水平(15.89±3.44)ng/L较未治疗组明显下降(P＜0.01).沙利度胺+联合化疗组患者血清IL-6水平(12.47±3.11)ng/L最低,较未治疗组及联合化疗组均有明显降低(P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 沙利度胺可能存在下调IL-6的水平,抑制骨髓瘤细胞增殖,发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

慢性乙型肝炎患儿血浆D二聚体、血管性假血友病因子变化的临床意义

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎患儿血浆中D二聚体、血管性假血友病因子(vWF)变化的临床意义.方法 67例感染乙型肝炎儿重,分为乙型肝炎病毒携带者20例(携带组),慢性乙型肝炎轻度25例(轻度组),慢性乙型肝炎中度22例(中度组),另选择20例健康儿童作为对照组.检测血浆D二聚体、vWF水平.并测定治疗1个月后轻、中度组患儿上述指标.结果 D二聚体:携带组[(0.30±0.05)mg/L]与对照组[(0.29±0.06)mg/L]比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);中度组[(0.90±0.22)mg/L]＞轻度组[(0.64±0.11)mg/L]＞携带组(P＜0.01).vWF:中度组[(184.83±34.23)mg/L]＞轻度组[(160.58±27.51)mg/L]＞携带组[(134.40±15.42)mg/L]＞对照组[(116.01±13.37)mg/L](P＜0.05或＜0.01).治疗后轻、中度组D二聚体水平分别为(0.29±0.05)、(0.31±0.06)mg/L,vWF水平分别为(131.33±13.00)、(147.70±29.59)mg/L,均较治疗前显著下降(P＜0.01).结论 D二聚体、vWF水平变化有助于判断慢性乙型肝炎患儿肝功能损伤程度,是反映肝脏微循环障碍的敏感指标.     

强化调脂对急性冠状动脉综合征患者促炎和抗炎失衡的影响

目的 观察强化调脂对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者促炎和抗炎失衡的影响,探讨阿托伐他汀抗炎和稳定斑块的机制.方法 检测82例ACS患者、17例稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者和22例对照者的高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和IL-10水平.将41例应用阿托伐他汀调脂治疗的ACS患者随机分为标准治疗组(阿托伐他汀10 mg/d)及强化治疗组(阿托伐他汀40 mg/d),观察治疗前和治疗1个月后血脂、hs-CRP及IL-10水平的变化.结果 ACS患者hs-CRP水平[(11.10±14.30)mg/L]明显高于SAP患者[(2.47±2.72)mg/L]和对照者[(2,34±4.22)mg/L],P均<0.05;ACS患者IL-10水平[(3.94±1.91)ng/L]明显低于SAP患者[(6.31±4.26)ng/L]和对照者[(7.76±2.82)ng/L],P均<0.05.强化治疗组与标准治疗组患者治疗后hs-CRP水平明显降低(P<0.05),IL-10水平明显升高(P<0.05),且强化治疗作用更强(P<0.05).结论 ACS患者hs-CRP水平明显升高,但IL-10水平明显降低,提示机体斑块不稳定与促炎和抗炎失衡有关.阿托伐他汀强化治疗能明显降低hs-CRP水平,升高IL-10水平,提示其稳定斑块的作用可能与改善促炎和抗炎失衡有关.     

子宫内膜异位症患者外周血干扰素γ、白细胞介素4和白细胞介素6的变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨子宫内膜异位症(EM)患者外周血干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)的变化及其临床意义.方法 用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测25例EM患者(EM组)及20例盆腔结构正常患者(对照组)外周血IFN-y、IL-4、IL-6水平.结果 EM组患者外周血IFN-γ[(109.64±26.79)ng/L]明显低于对照组[(155.17±30.36)ng/L](P＜0.05),IL-4[(33.52±8.69)ng/L]、IL-6[(44.12±3.57)ng/L]明显高于对照组[(22.52±6.54)、(15.12±2.63)ng/L](P＜0.05);IFN-γ/IL-4(3.27±1.45)、IFN-γ/IL-6(1.15±0.56)明显低于对照组(6.89±1.68、2.54±1.03)(P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 EM患者有Th2细胞因子明显增多并占优势漂移的现象,Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡在EM的发病机制及疾病进展中可能具有重要的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of interferon ( IFN )- γ ,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-6 in endometriosis. Method The levels of peripheral blood IFN-γ ,IL-4 and IL-6 in 25 patients with endometriosis (EM group) and 20 normal adults (control group) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The level of peripheral blood IFN- γ in EM group [(109.64±26.79 ) ng/L] was lower than that in control group [(155.17±30.36) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05 ), IL-4[(33.52 ± 8.69)ng/L]and IL-6 [(44.12 ± 3.57) ng/L] were higher than those in control group [(22.52 ± 6.54), ( 15.12 ±2.63 )ng/L](P＜0.05 ).The ratio of IFN-γ/II-4(3.27±1.45 ) and IFN- γ/IL-6 ( 1.15 ± 0.56 ) in EM group were significantly lower than those in control group (6.89 ±1.68,2.54 ±1.03)(P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusions Th1 cells shift toward Th2 cells in patients with endometriosis. Th1/Th2 ratio may be correlated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis.     

阿托伐他汀对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心功能、脑钠尿肽及C反应蛋白的影响

目的 观察阿托伐他汀对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心功能、脑钠尿肽(BNP)及C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响.方法 将78例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和阿托伐他汀组,每组39例.两组均采用利尿剂、强心剂、β受体阻滞剂等常规治疗,阿托伐他汀组在常规治疗的基础上加用阿托伐他汀钙20mg,1次/d.两组疗程均为6个月.治疗前后行心脏超声心动图检查并检测血浆CRP、BNP水平.结果 两组治疗后左室射血分数(LVEF)明显升高,左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESd)明显降低,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);阿托伐他汀组治疗后LVEF明显高于同期对照组[(46.75±5.82)％比(40.58±4.92)％](t=4.016,P＜0.05),LVEDd、LVESd明显低于同期对照组[(49.13±4.02) mm比(57.62±4.77) mm,(37.76±3.02) mm比(41.89±3.53) mm](t=4.135、4.253,P＜ 0.05).阿托伐他汀组治疗后血浆CRP、BNP水平[(11.86±4.11) mg/L和(247.92±32.78) ng/L]较治疗前[(19.62±7.93) mg/L和(496.61±78.87) ng/L]明显下降(t=4.668、4.821,P＜0.05),并且明显低于同期对照组[(16.79±6.52) mg/L和(475.41±65.62) ng/L](t=3.889、4.011,P＜0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀能够明显改善慢性充血性心力衰竭患者的心功能状态,降低血浆CRP和BNP水平,有利于改善患者病情.     

类风湿关节炎血清白细胞介素17和肿瘤坏死因子α及滑膜病变检测的意义

目的 探讨血清白细胞介素17(IL-17)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及滑膜病变检测在类风湿关节炎(RA)患者中的临床意义.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对50例活动期RA患者(活动期RA组)、50例稳定期RA患者(稳定期RA组)和50例体检健康者(健康对照组)血清IL-17和TNF-α水平进行检测,同时取其关节滑膜进行病理检查.结果 活动期RA组血清IL-17和TNF-α水平[(42.60±11.30)、(113.20±13.11) mg/L]明显高于稳定期RA组[(19.60±5.75)、( 14.50±5.33) mg/L]和健康对照组[(7.40±3.32)、( 10.90±2.24) mg/L](P＜ 0.01);稳定期RA组血清IL-17水平高于健康对照组(P＜0.05),而TNF-α水平与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).RA患者的滑膜与健康对照组相比呈明显的病态.结论 RA患者血清IL-17和TNF-α水平及滑膜病变的变化特点与病情有关,联合动态监测有助于临床观察和治疗.     

不同预后重症脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4表达水平与内毒素耐受的临床研究

目的 观察不同预后重症脓毒症患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)的表达与内毒素耐受之间的关系.方法 选取35例重症脓毒症患者(重症脓毒症组)和15例健康体检者(对照组),分别在入住ICU 24 h内和体检当天用流式细胞术测定外周血单核细胞TLR4表达情况及酶联免疫吸附法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-10浓度.同时分离外周血单核细胞,加入40 μg/ml脂多糖培养24h,同样测定单核细胞TLR4表达情况及细胞培养上清液TNF-α、IL-10浓度.结果 35例重症脓毒症患者死亡10例(死亡组),生存25例(生存组),28 d病死率为28.6％(10/35).重症脓毒症组外周血单核细胞TLR4表达显著低于对照组[(11.09±8.90)平均荧光强度(MFI)比(33.72±12.59) MFI],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);血清TNF-α、IL-10浓度显著高于对照组[(96.66±45.33) ng/L 比(2.53±1.21) ng/L、(149.79±67.15) ng/L比(34.56±19.08) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).生存组与死亡组外周血单核细胞TLR4表达比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).给予脂多糖刺激后对照组外周血单核细胞TLR4表达较脂多糖刺激前明显升高[(50.22±19.23) MFI比(33.72±12.59) MFI],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);生存组与死亡组脂多糖刺激后外周血单核细胞TLR4表达均明显降低[(4.55±2.30) MFI比(11.21±7.92) MFI、(5.46±3.44)MFI比(10.15±9.70) MFI],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).生存组与死亡组细胞培养上清液TNF-α、IL-10浓度均显著低于对照组[(22.34±8.27)、(19.49±5.35) ng/L比(88.70±34.21) ng/L,(54.29±32.89)、(98.04±40.26) ng/L比(146.56±52.18) ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但死亡组IL-10浓度显著高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 不同预后重症脓毒症患者,均存在内毒素耐受,在内毒素耐受情况下,单核细胞分泌炎性因子的能力是不同的.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.