人胃癌Runx3基因CpG岛甲基化的关键位点和演进

目的:研究人胃癌Runx3基因CpG岛甲基化的关键位点和演进.方法:应用MSP法和Western blot法分别检测26例人胃癌和相应的癌旁正常组织标本Runx3基因CpG岛从5'区向转录起始点方向连续6个位点的甲基化状态和Runx3蛋白的表达.结果:根据MSP的结果计算出上述连续6个位点的甲基化阳性率,结果随着向转录起始点方向的演进,各位点甲基化的阳性率逐渐降低,胃癌组和癌旁组从第3位点开始出现差异,至第5和第6位点差异显著(P＜0.05);按照胃癌分化程度分组,低分化组与高分化组在3-6位点差异显著(P＜0.05).胃癌组与癌旁组Runx3蛋白表达水平(0.499±0.106 vs 0.721±0.080)以及低分化组与高分化组(0.437±0.053 vs 0.617±0.073)Runx3蛋白表达水平均存在显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:人胃癌Runx3基因CpG岛的甲基化从5'区向转录起始点方向演进,甲基化的演进与肿瘤的分化程度有关;转录起始点部位可能为Runx3基因甲基化的关键位点.     

睾丸组织中ACRBP的表达及启动子CpG位点的甲基化分析

目的了解人睾丸组织中ACRBP的表达及其启动子CpG位点的甲基化状态,为探讨该基因表达机制奠定基础。方法运用免疫组化法研究睾丸组织中目的蛋白定位;结合生物信息学分析该基因启动子CpG位点序列;通过Bisulfite PCR测序法（BSP）分析目的基因CpG位点的甲基化状态。结果免疫组化显示精子与精子细胞及部分的精原细胞和精母细胞表达目的蛋白。对ACRBP启动子序列（转录起始点-127～＋110 bp）进行BSP扩增测序,发现该区域共有24个CpG位点,其中仅有3个出现甲基化,其甲基化频率为1.67%。结论生精小管中ACRBP蛋白呈区域性的阳性反应,可能与生精小管内精子发生的不同步性有关;ACRBP启动子CpG位点低甲基化可能与该基因表达的机制有关。     

胃癌患者p16基因启动子甲基化检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨p16基因启动子CpG岛甲基化在胃癌发生、发展中的作用.方法 应用特异性甲基化PCR(MSP)检测58例胃癌及癌旁组织和30例正常胃黏膜组织中p16基因启动子CpG岛的甲基化状态,分析其与胃癌临床病理参数的关系.结果26例(44.8％)胃癌组织、5例(8.6％)癌旁组织也检测出甲基化的存在,30例正常胃黏膜组织标本中均未检测出p16基因甲基化的存在(P ＜0.05);p16基因甲基化与胃癌淋巴结转密切相关(P＜0.05).结论 p16基因启动子CpG岛甲基化可促进胃癌的发生、发展;此基因的异常甲基化可作为胃癌早期诊断的敏感指标.     

胃癌中环氧合酶-2基因5′CpG岛去甲基化与蛋白表达的关系

抑癌基因CpG岛甲基化可导致基因转录沉默 (transcrip tionsilencing) ,同时CpG岛去甲基化往往伴随癌基因的转录活化[1,2 ] 。环氧合酶 2 (COX 2 )基因是诱导型基因 ,在正常组织中无表达 ,在肿瘤中过度表达 ;COX 2基因 5′端存在CpG岛 ,内有多个转录因子结合位点。Song等[3 ] 发现在胃癌细胞株中 ,5′CpG岛甲基化可抑制COX 2转录。因此 ,我们通过研究胃癌组织中COX 2基因转录起始点上下游CpG岛甲基化状态与COX 2蛋白表达的关系 ,揭示 5′CpG岛去甲基化在COX 2蛋白表达中的作用。　　一、材料与方法1.组织标本 :所有标本均为我…     

胰腺癌组织SPARC基因CpG岛甲基化状态及临床意义

目的 检测胰腺癌SPARC基因CpG岛的甲基化状态及其与临床病理参数的关系.方法 收集17例胰腺癌及相应癌旁组织、6例CP和6例正常胰腺组织以及6例健康成人外周血液标本,抽提DNA,进行亚硫酸氢盐修饰,然后行甲基化特异性PCR,检测SPARC基因第一外显子区CpG岛的甲基化状态,并分析与肿瘤病理参数的关系.结果 健康人外周血白细胞DNA中SPARC基因第一外显子区CpG位点均无甲基化.正常胰腺、CP、胰腺癌及相应癌旁组织SPARC基因第2、3、4、5、6、7 CpG位点的甲基化率分别为61.6%、47.1%、37.5%、24.7%;第1,8、9、10、11、12 CpG位点的甲基化率分别为52.0%、28.7%、16.7%和0.胰腺癌SPARC基因甲基化率与正常胰腺、CP比较均差别非常显著(P＜0.001),与相应癌旁组织比较差别不显著.胰腺癌SPARC基因CpG岛甲基化与患者性别、年龄、危险诱因(如长期吸烟或饮酒、CP)、肿瘤大小、分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移等均无显著差异.结论 胰腺癌SPARC基因第一外显子区CpG岛为高甲基化状态,可能为胰腺癌发生、发展的早期事件.     

胰腺癌分泌型凋亡相关蛋白2基因第一外显子区甲基化模式及意义

目的 研究胰腺癌分泌型凋亡相关蛋白2(SARP2)基因第一外显子区CpG岛甲基化模式及其与临床生物学特征的关系,为胰腺癌早期诊断及预后判断奠定基础.方法 收集23例胰腺癌及相应癌旁组织、6例慢性胰腺炎和7例正常胰腺组织作为研究对象.抽提上述标本DNA进行亚硫酸氢盐修饰,聚合酶链反应扩增SARP2基因第一外显子区CpG岛区域,测序明确该区域CpG位点甲基化情况,并分析与临床生物学特征的关系.结果 胰腺癌SARP2基因CpG位点甲基化率(37.9%)显著高于正常胰腺(0.0%)、慢性胰腺炎(2.5%)及癌旁组织(15.2%),差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).SARP2基因CpG岛1区甲基化具有较好的胰腺癌特异性.胰腺癌SARP2基因CpG岛1区CpG位点甲基化与性别、年龄、诱因、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级、分期、转移无关(P值均>0.05),但肿瘤直径较大者及分化程度较高者具有SARP2基因高甲基化趋势.结论 胰腺癌SARP2基因第一外显子区基因CpG岛甲基化分布具有不均衡性,部分CpG位点高甲基化具有胰腺癌特异性,可作为胰腺癌基因诊断的靶点,且与一些临床生物学特征有关,可能对胰腺癌预后评估有一定价值.     

胃癌RASSF1A基因启动子CpG岛甲基化与DNMT1表达的意义

目的探讨RAS相关区域家族1A（RASSF1A）基因启动子CpG岛甲基化和DNA甲基转移酶1（DN-MT1）的表达与胃癌发生的关系。方法运用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应和免疫组织化学方法检测胃癌癌旁正常组织和癌组织RASSF1A基因启动子CpG岛甲基化发生率及DNMT1的表达情况。结果癌旁正常组织中RASSF1A基因启动子CpG岛甲基化发生率、DNMT1阳性表达率显著低于相应癌组织（P均〈0.01）。RASSF1A启动子CpG岛甲基化患者DNMT1阳性表达率与非甲基化患者比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论RASSF1A基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化和DNMT1的高表达可能与胃癌发生有一定关系。     

胰液中人Hedgehog相互作用蛋白基因CpG岛甲基化状态及意义

结果 胰腺癌、CP及对照组患者胰液中HHIP基因CpG岛甲基化阳性率分别为54.8%(17/31)、2.8%(1/36)和6.7%(1/15),胰腺癌组的甲基化阳性率显著高于其他两组(P＜0.01).测序结果显示胰腺癌的HHIP基因有8个CpG位点发生甲基化,而CP及对照组的HHIP基因CpG位点未发生甲基化.结论 胰腺癌患者胰液中的HHIP基因CpG岛发生高甲基化,检测胰液中HHIP基因甲基化状态可能作为胰腺癌诊断的靶点.     

SOCS-3基因在结肠癌中的表达及其甲基化测定

目的通过对SOCS-3基因在结肠癌和癌旁组织中的表达及其启动子甲基化状态的测定,探讨其与结肠癌发生、发展和转移的关系。方法收集40例结肠癌患者的肿瘤标本、20例癌旁组织及10例正常结肠组织,运用甲基化特异性PCR测定SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化状态,同时运用实时定量PCR分析SOCS-3基因在结肠癌组织中的表达水平。结果40例结肠癌组织中有34例(85%)存在SOCS-3基因CpG岛的异常甲基化,癌旁组织中有2例(10%),而正常结肠组织中未检测到SOCS-3基因CpG岛的异常甲基化;结肠癌组织中SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化组与无甲基化组相比,其SOCS-3基因的相对表达量明显减少(P0.05),表明SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化可导致SOCS-3基因表达降低。SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化与性别、年龄无关(P0.05),而与肿瘤病理分级、TNM分期有关(P0.05)。结论结肠癌中存在SOCS-3基因CpG岛异常甲基化,且CpG岛的甲基化导致其基因表达降低。SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化可能参与了结肠癌的发生、发展和转移。     

错配修复基因hMSH2启动子甲基化与胃癌的关系

目的:探讨hMSH2基因启动子区5CpG岛高甲基化在胃癌发生过程中的作用.方法:应用甲基化特异性PCR(methylationspecific PCR,MSP)方法检测胃癌及非癌组织中hMSH2基因启动子区甲基化状态.结果:40例胃癌中hMSH2基因启动子区高甲基化24例(60%),其癌旁黏膜组织中有15例(37.5%)发生甲基化,14例慢性萎缩性胃炎组织中有5例(35.7%)发生甲基化,6例慢性浅表性胃炎组织中未见甲基化.四组甲基化水平相比,差别有统计意义(P＜0.05).胃癌组甲基化水平高于癌旁组,差别有统计意义(P＜0.05).癌旁组、慢性萎缩性胃炎组、慢性浅表性胃炎组三组甲基化水平相比,差别无统计意义.胃癌各临床病理参数组之间相比差别无统计意义.结论:胃癌组织中hMSH2基因启动子区高甲基化可能是导致其错配修复功能缺陷的重要原因之一;而错配修复功能缺陷在胃癌的发生中起着重要作用,但可能与其发展关系不大.     

食管和胃双原发癌组织CDH1基因甲基化的表达及意义

目的 研究同一个体食管和胃双原发癌组织中CDH1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化变化及其临床意义.方法 应用甲基化特异性PCR法,检测18例食管和胃双原发癌患者癌组织及癌旁组织中CDH1基因甲基化的表达.结果 2007年1月至2009年9月河北医科大学第四医院经内镜确诊18例双原发癌患者,食管鳞状细胞癌及癌旁组织CDH1基因甲基化阳性率分别为66.7%和33.3%,二者间差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.167,P=0.031);胃腺癌及癌旁组织CDH1基因甲基化阳性率分别为77.8%和44.4%,二者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.786,P=0.180).同一患者的食管癌和胃癌组织CDH1基因甲基化阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.500).18例双原发癌中,16例两种癌组织同时出现该基因甲基化一致性改变,一致性变化发生率为88.9%(一致阳性率为66.7%,一致阴性率为22.2%),统计学分析二者呈显著相关性(P=0.005).结论 双原发癌食管癌和胃癌存在较高的CDH1基因甲基化一致性变化,提示二者可能具有相似的发病因素和分子机制.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of CDH1 gene promoter CpG island methylation and its clinical significance in patients with esophagus and stomach double primary carcinoma(ESDC).Methods The expression of CDH1 gene methylation in cancerous tissues and adjacent cancerous tissues in 18 cases of ESDC were detected using methylation-specific PCR method. Results Eighteen patients were endoscopically diagnosed as ESDC between Jan. 2007 and Sep. 2009 in the 4th Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University. The positive methylation of CDH1 gene in tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)and adjacent cancer were 66.7% and 33. 3%, respectively, with significant difference (χ2= 4. 167, P = 0. 031). Whereas the positive methylation of CDH1 gene in tissues of gastric carcinoma (GA) and adjacent cancer were 77.8% and 44.4%, respectively, without statistical difference (χ2=1.786, P= 0. 180). There was no significant difference (P=0. 500) in positive rate of CDH1 gene methylation between ESCC tissues and GA tissues in same individual with ESDC. For 18 patients with ESDC, consistent change of CDH1 methylation in tissues of two kinds of cancers was found in 16 patients with a total agreement of 88.9 % (positive agreement of 66.7 % and negative agreement of 22. 2%). Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between two groups (P = 0. 005). Conclusion In patients with ESDC, there is a high consistency of CDH1 methylation change, between ESCC and GA,which suggests that two kinds of cancer may have similar risk factors and molecular mechanisms.     

Mechanism and clinical significance of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric cancer

AIM: To determine the correlation between methylation status of 5' CpG island of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene and protein expression in gastric cancer tissues for distinguishing the molecular characters of gastric cancers. METHODS: Methylation status of 5' CpG island of COX-2 gene was studied by PCR amplification after HpaⅡ and Hha I restrictive enzyme digestion;COX-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Hpa Ⅱ and HhaI site were all methylated in 12 normal gastric mucosa tissues, whereas they were demethylated in 77.27% (34/44) and 84.09% (37/44) gastric cancer tissues,respectively.Expression of COX-2 was detected in 68.18% (30/44) gastric cancer tissues, but no expression was found in normal gastric mucosa tissues. In gastric cancer tissues, COX-2 expression was correlated significantly with HpaⅡ site demethylation (29/30 vs 5/14, P<0.001 and HhaI site demethylation (28/30 vs 9/14,P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The demethylation of 5' CpG island of gene is necessary for COX-2 expression in human gastric cancer. The expression status of COX-2 may provide theoretical basis for COX-2 targeting gastric cancer treatments.     

Expression of ECRG4, a novel esophageal cancer－related gene,downregulated by CpG island hypermethylation in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To study the mechanisms responsible for inactivation of a novel esophageal cancer related gene 4 (ECRG4) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: A pair of primers was designed to amplify a 220 bp fragment, which contains 16 CpG sites in the core promoter region of the ECRG 4 gene. PCR products of bisulfite-modified CpG islands were analyzed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), which were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The methylation status of ECRG 4 promoter in 20 cases of esophageal cancer and the adjacent normal tissues, 5 human tumor cell lines (esophageal cancer cell line-NEC, EC109, EC9706; gastric cancer cell line- GLC; human embryo kidney cell line-Hek293) and 2 normal esophagus tissues were detected. The expression level of the ECRG 4 gene in these samples was examined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression level of ECRG 4 gene was varied. Of 20 esophageal cancer tissues, nine were unexpressed, six were lowly expressed and five were highly expressed compared with the adjacent tissues and the 2 normal esophageal epithelia. In addition, 4 out of the 5 human cell lines were also unexpressed. A high frequency of methylation was revealed in 12 (8 unexpressed and 4 lowly expressed) of the 15 (80 %) downregulated cancer tissues and 3 of the 4 unexpressed cell lines. No methylation peak was observed in the two highly expressed normal esophageal epithelia and the methylation frequency was low (3/20) among the 20 cases in the highly expressed adjacent tissues. The methylation status of the samples was consistent with the result of DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the inactivation of ECRG 4 gene by hypermethylation is a frequent molecular event in ESCC and may be involved in the carcinogenesis of this cancer.     

胃癌TIMP3基因启动子甲基化及其蛋白表达的研究

目的:探讨组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-3(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3,TIMP3)基因启动子甲基化与其蛋白表达的相关性,并分析 TIMP3基因CpG岛异常甲基化与胃腺癌及其临床病理特征的关联性．方法:应用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)技术和免疫组织化学方法分别检测78例患者的胃正常黏膜组织、胃癌组织及转移淋巴结中,TIMP3 基因启动子甲基化和蛋白表达情况．结果:胃正常黏膜组织、早期、进展期胃癌组织和转移淋巴结中TIMP3基因启动子均有甲基化修饰,其阳性率分别为35．9％(28／78); 85．0％(17／20),89．7％(52／58);转移淋巴结 100％(78／78)．胃癌组TIMP3基因启动子甲基化率明显高于胃正常黏膜组(尸<0．05)．胃正常黏膜组织TIMP3蛋白表达全部为阳性(100％), 20例早期胃癌中,6例阳性(30％),58例进展期胃癌中,2例阳性(3．4％),在转移淋巴结中全部不表达(0％)．胃癌70例蛋白表达阴性的标本中,64例TIMP3基因启动子甲基化阳性 (91．4％),TIMP3蛋白表达与启动子甲基化呈明显负相关(P<0．01)．结论:启动子区CpG岛高甲基化是胃癌组织中TIMP3基因表达失活的主要机制,可能成为胃癌分子诊断与病期评估的标志之一．     

胃癌死亡相关蛋白激酶基因甲基化对其信使核糖核酸和蛋白表达的影响

目的 研究胃癌组织死亡相关蛋白激酶(DAPK)基因启动子区甲基化对原发性胃癌组织中DAPK mRNA及蛋白表达的影响.方法 采用逆转录(RT)-PCR法检测62例原发性胃癌及癌旁组织DAPK mRNA表达,甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)法检测DAPK启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态,对其中34例胃癌组织甲基化阳性者的DAPK蛋白表达进行Western印迹法检测.结果 胃癌组织中DAPKmRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于癌旁组织,分别为0.2863±0.2027比0.5736±0.1968、0.2616±0.0913比0.6529±0.1808,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).DAPK在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中的甲基化频率分别为54.8%和17.7%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).在胃癌组织中,甲基化组DAPKmRNA表达明显低于非甲基化组(0.1399±0.0835比0.4640±0.1569,P＜0.01).DAPK基因甲基化与胃癌TNM分期显著相关(P=0.04).结论 原发性胃癌组织DAPK mRNA和蛋白表达缺失或低下与其启动子甲基化程度增高显著相关.     

XRCC1 downregulated through promoter hypermethylation is involved in human gastric carcinogenesis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression and aberrant methylation of X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) in gastric carcinogenesis, and identify the molecular mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS: The method based on methyl binding domain protein (MBD) immuno-precipitation and promoter microarray was employed to screen the gastric cancer-related methylation-sensitive gene. An immunohistochemistry assay was applied to detect the protein expression of XRCC1 in the multistep progression of gastric carcinogenesis. The mRNA expression of XRCC1 was determined by real-time PCR in tumor tissues and their corresponding non-tumorous tissues. The methylation status and Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms of XRCC1 in gastric cancer and gastritis tissues were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite genomic sequencing and direct DNA sequencing, respectively. RESULTS: Promoter microarray screening and identification suggested that XRCC1 was a methylation-sensitive gene. Immunochemistry results showed that XRCC1 protein expression gradually decreased with progression of gastric mucosal lesions (P < 0.05). The positive rate of XRCC1 in patients with well/moderately differentiated gastric cancer was significantly higher than patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of XRCC1 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in the non-tumorous tissues (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, XRCC1 methylation in gastric cancer tissues was more frequent than that in the gastritis tissues (P < 0.05), and the downregulation of XRCC1 expression was relevant to methylation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of XRCC1 is downregulated in gastric carcinogenesis, and promoter hypermethylation may be one of the mechanisms contributing to its downregulation.