不同锰含量的Fe-Cr-Mn三元合金耐锌蚀能力

研制了4种Mn含量不同的Fe-Cr-Mn三元合金,并系统研究和分析了其在450℃熔融锌液中的腐蚀行为及组织变化规律。结果表明,4种不同锰含量的Fe-Cr-Mn三元合金腐蚀层的形貌基本相似,但与纯铁在液锌中的腐蚀形貌差别很大,其主要是由致密的δ相层和分布于η相中稀疏的ζ相颗粒组成,且δ相层厚度随锰含量的提高先增加后减少,其中属含Mn量为9.55%的Fe-Cr-Mn三元合金腐蚀层中致密的δ相层厚度最厚,表现出较好的耐锌蚀能力,同时,此三元合金基体与腐蚀层界面处存在Cr的富集区,此区约含27.48%的Cr,厚度在1μm左右。连续完整的富Cr抑制层的形成,能够减缓铁锌反应的速度,减慢对基体的腐蚀速度,提高了耐锌蚀能力。     

沉没辊基础件的熔融锌液腐蚀研究现状

根据近些年国内外耐锌腐蚀的研究成果,将耐锌腐蚀方法分为两大类:自身耐锌腐蚀材料和表面改性处理。自身耐锌腐蚀材料主要集中在Fe-Cr-Mn、Fe-B、Ti Al Nb等材料上,表面处理主要集中在WC-Co、Mo B-Co Cr、陶瓷等涂层上。两种方法都获得一定的研究成果,但也有一些不足。自身耐锌腐蚀材料的耐熔锌腐蚀虽有改善,但在液锌中也只是延缓了腐蚀速度,最终仍然会腐蚀失效。表面涂层耐蚀性相对较好,但是在锌液中仍然会发生裂纹腐蚀,并且涂层和基体之间的物理匹配性较差,脆性较大,工件的轻微碰撞很容易造成涂层的脱落,加速工件的腐蚀,不宜用于实际生产。充分利用陶瓷耐腐蚀、耐高温、硬度高的优点,以及金属室温强度好、延展性好的优点,开发陶瓷金属复合涂层,可能会成为下一步沉没辊基础件熔融锌液腐蚀研究的主要方向。     

铁锰二元合金耐液锌腐蚀机理

研究了四种不同Mn含量的铁锰二元合金在450℃液锌中的腐蚀行为,探讨了Mn对铁锌反应的影响规律。结果表明,铁锰二元合金在液锌中的腐蚀属于溶解性腐蚀。随着锰含量的增加,腐蚀速率有较大变化。含锰量为10wt%的合金,其腐蚀速率为5.79×10-3g.cm-2.h-1,含锰量为15wt%的合金,其腐蚀速率为3.64×10-2.gcm-2.h-1。锰含量为10wt%时,腐蚀产物由致密的δ相层和块状的ζ相层组成,致密的较厚的δ相层的存在,降低了铁锌反应速率,合金表现出较好的耐液锌腐蚀能力,而锰含量为15wt%时,腐蚀产物由大量疏松的颗粒状ζ相分布在液锌相中组成,疏松的组织恶化了合金的耐液锌腐蚀能力。     

氧化铝配对摩擦副在锌液中的摩擦磨损性能研究

钢带连续热镀锌工艺中沉没辊轴套受锌腐蚀和磨损的双重作用,以致于使用寿命非常低,为解决此问题,选择了几种材料对其腐蚀磨损机理进行了研究分析.选择了H13、Cr12渗硼、M2、铁基超合金和钴基合金6种材料与Al2O3配对做腐蚀磨损试验和纯腐蚀试验.试验在本单位自行研制的耐锌腐蚀磨损试验机上进行.并对材料的腐蚀截面,腐蚀磨损截面和表面作SEM分析.试验结果表明钴基合金最耐锌蚀磨损,其他依次为铁基超合金,H13和Cr12渗硼.腐蚀产物与基体的显微硬度比值及腐蚀产物的组织形态都是影响材料腐蚀磨损性能的主要因素.     

304不锈钢/Ti-45Al-8Nb电火花沉积涂层在熔锌中的腐蚀行为

以304不锈钢为基材,Ti-45Al-8Nb金属间化合物为电极,制备电火花沉积涂层,并研究其在锌液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,涂层与基体呈冶金结合,是电极材料与基体材料剧烈重熔扩散的产物。相比304不锈钢,涂层样品的耐熔锌腐蚀性能显著提升,表现为孕育型腐蚀,孕育期为15天。涂层的腐蚀最初发生于样品的棱角处,属于典型的裂纹-瓦解机制。涂层碎片与锌液发生少量元素扩散,生成富Fe、Al的腐蚀产物。依据润湿的相关理论,讨论了涂层中原生裂纹对涂层耐熔锌腐蚀性能的影响。如果适当改善沉积工艺,减少涂层裂纹,有望延长涂层的使用寿命。     

灰铸铁表面原位合成TiC复合强化层的摩擦磨损性能

通过等离子束表面合金化工艺用Ti-Fe合金粉末在灰铸铁表面制备了原位合成TiC复合强化层。结果表明,合金化层厚度为350~400 mm,与基体之间实现良好的冶金结合。显微硬度测试结果显示,合金化处理后的试样表层硬度最高可达969 HV0.2。合金化区显微组织为残留奥氏体、针状马氏体和共晶莱氏体。XRD及SEM分析观察发现,在合金化区存在原位复合TiC颗粒。通过销-盘型高温摩擦磨损试验对合金化试样和未经合金化处理的灰铸铁试样的室温及高温（473 K、673 K）下的摩擦磨损行为及机理进行了对比研究,磨损试验结果表明,合金化处理后,试样的耐磨性能相对于灰铸铁基体得到了明显的改善,磨损率普遍下降3个数量级。根据扫描电镜（SEM）观察、能谱（EDS）检测和显微硬度测试的分析结果可知,基体表层金相组织转变和TiC颗粒是TiC复合强化层耐磨性能提高的主要原因。     

等离子和激光表面合金化对灰铸铁组织性能的影响

采用等离子束和激光表面合金化对灰铸铁表面进行强化。利用三点弯曲试验测试合金化层抗弯性能,采用金相显微镜、显微硬度计、SEM和XRD等仪器对其微观组织、硬度断口形貌和相组成进行分析。研究结果表明:灰铸铁等离子束表面合金化层由奥氏体和莱氏体组成,而激光合金化层几乎全部为奥氏体。在相同功率密度下,采用等离子束表面合金化处理后的合金化层较厚;合金化层的硬度最大值均为次表面;Fe_3C和Cr_7C_3的存在使得等离子束合金化层的硬度比激光合金化层高;等离子束合金化层断裂方式为解理断裂,而激光合金化层为韧性断裂。     

耐液锌腐蚀涂层的研究现状

工业连续热浸镀锌生产线上,沉没辊、轴承等部件受到锌液的强烈腐蚀.耐液锌腐蚀涂层能够保护其免受液锌腐蚀的破坏.现有的耐液锌腐蚀涂层如金属涂层、金属陶瓷涂层、氧化物陶瓷涂层等耐液锌腐蚀寿命短、材质脆、易脱落,无法为部件提供有效保护.本文回顾了液锌对铁基合金的腐蚀机理,综述了耐液锌腐蚀涂层的研究现状.同时,文章指出了发展新型涂层材料和制备技术是未来耐液锌腐蚀涂层发展的一个必然趋势.     

表面高Cr高C合金层摩擦性能的研究

介绍一种Q235钢表面进行双层辉光离子渗Cr方法,表面Cr含量达到40%左右.然后进行超饱和渗C,形成高Cr高C表面合金化层.表面含碳量达到2.7%左右,超过平衡碳计算值.随后进行淬火 低温回火热处理,使表面合金层获得马氏体基体上均匀分布的细小弥散碳化物组织,没有共晶莱氏体.经X射线衍射分析,合金化层碳化物类型为M23C6、M7C3,尺寸1～2 μm,表面硬度达到1200HV左右.将双层辉光离子渗Cr 渗C淬火试样,进行摩擦因数和耐磨性能试验,结果表明,高Cr高C合金化层的平均摩擦因数为0.11,相对耐磨性是Q235钢渗C淬火试样的1.83倍.     

Sb微合金化对灰铸铁组织和性能的影响

研究了Sb微合金化对灰铸铁组织和性能的影响.在RESiFe+SiCa孕育条件下,Sb加入量小于0.04%,可降低铁液的白口倾向,提高灰铸铁的抗拉强度和硬度.Sb微合金化厌铸铁的组织为A型+少量D型石翠,基体为细片状珠光体.Sb略增加磷共晶数量,含RE和Ca的孕育剂可抑制这种作用.采用Sb微合金化生产法兰盘零件,本体R<,m>可达到Cr、Cu合金化的水平,而硬度却低17 HBS左右,有利于改善零件的加工性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.