新型并联机床静刚度特性的有限元分析及优化设计

静刚度分析是机床设计的重要内容之一,对一种新型龙门式并联机床的平面并联机构进行了研究,通过位置逆解求出了广义全工作空间;建立了整机静刚度的有限元模型,得到动平台在广义工作空间下的刚度分布规律;找出影响Z向位置精度的关键因素并进行了优化设计,为进一步改进并联机床提供重要的依据。     

一种新型并联机床的刚度和固有特性的有限元分析

建立了一种新型并联机床刚度分析和弹性动力学分析的有限元模型，研究了参数变化对主进给机构刚度和固有频率的影响，计算结果表明：该新型并联机床与基于Stewart平台的并联机床相比，Z方向刚度与相当而X、Y方向的刚度优于后者；加大中间腿的截面积可以大大提高并联机床的刚度，研究结果为优化并联机床的结构参数，提高其结构搞震性和切削稳定性奠定了基础。     

一种冗余并联机床静刚度有限元分析与优化设计

为了研究并联机床的静刚度,采用有限元法研究了一台冗余并联机床的静刚度,利用UG建立整机三维模型并倒入ABAQUS建立有限元模型,分析了一台冗余并联机床在不同位姿下的刚度.结果表明,冗余并联机床比非冗余并联机床刚度高,整机x,y向刚度低,z向刚度高.为了提高机床x,y向刚度,提出了两种机床机构的改进方法,为机床的设计和优化提供了依据.     

基于COSMOS的并联机床有限元分析

针对新颖的五自由度五轴并联机床结构，在三维建模的基础上，借助有限元分析软件COSMOS，根据并联机床具有随位形变化而变化的动态特性，分析了该机床主轴在不同关键位置时整机的静刚度和固有频率。结果表明，机床具有良好的性能。     

并联机床静刚度研究

常见的并联机床静刚度分析理论发展尚未完善。本文在研究并联机床静力学的基础上，使用能量法分析在外载荷作用下的并联机床变形量，从而获得在不同位姿下并联机床的静刚度。利用上述方法，针对一台五自由度的并联机床进行了分析，获得了其静刚度。为并联机床静刚度研究及其设计提供了理论依据和方法支持。     

基于Stewart平台的并联机床刚度分析

刚度在机床设计中至关重要。讨论BKX-I型并联机床的刚度问题,通过采用结构矩阵分析方法和有限元分析方法,分别建立BKX-I型并联机床的刚度模型,并进行分析和比较。在此基础上,分析BKX-I型并联机床的刚度在工作空间中的分布规律。     

立式加工中心静刚度分析与试验研究

机床静刚度是机床的重要性能指标之一,其试验与评价对机床结构的改善和加工精度的提高有着重要意义。以某型号立式加工中心为研究对象,通过Creo软件建立三维模型,利用有限元分析技术仿真分析数控机床结构。同时,基于LabVIEW设计一个机床静刚度测量系统,并对立式加工中心进行静刚度试验。试验结果与仿真结果误差为7.2%,验证了有限元模型的准确性。试验的机床刚度非线性度为±3%,说明该机床的性能较为稳定。     

一种少自由度并联机构静刚度研究

并联机构,尤其是用于机加工的并联机床都需要很高的刚度要求,因此建立其刚度模型就显得尤为重要。现有的刚度建模方法多是基于集中刚度模型,但是该方法的物理意义不够明确。基于螺旋理论建立了一种少自由度并联机构的刚度模型,该方法将驱动刚度和约束刚度区别对待,物理意义明确。通过计算并联机构空间自由度,并利用螺旋方程的反螺旋解法,得出并联机构的运动雅可比矩阵和约束雅可比矩阵,经组合得到少自由度并联机构的完全雅可比矩阵,从而建立了其静刚度模型。建立的静刚度模型可以作为少自由度并联机构的性能评价指标,同时又可以为分析其他过约束的少自由度并联机构提供理论支持。     

并联焊接机械手的静刚度分析

基于ANSYS软件建立并联焊接机械手的有限元模型,分析机构静刚度及模态.根据并联机构的支链和机架的变形,计算该并联机构在工作空间内的刚度分布.分析求解后,导出所需要的数据,在绘图软件中进行绘图,做出更直观的分析结果.静刚度实验表明该模型的有效性.     

并联机器人机构静刚度研究现状与展望

静刚度是并联机器人机构的一项重要性能评价指标,是并联机器人研究的热点领域之一。从有限元分析、静刚度解析模型、静刚度分析和静刚度设计等4个领域对并联机器人机构的静刚度研究现状进行了总结回顾,并对其未来发展趋势进行了分析。     

球铰刚度计算模型及靠冗余支链实现并联机床刚度的改善

以Stewart机构为例提出一种基于解析法和有限元法的刚度分析新方法。应用有限元软件模拟球铰内的非线性接触变形,将计算结果抽象成一个特征参数带入机构的刚度解析模型中,然后得到机构的刚度矩阵,以解决在解析模型中无法处理铰链刚性的问题,并采用有限元软件证实该方法的可靠性。如果在解析模型中忽略球铰变形,则整个机构的刚度解析结果将产生较大误差。在此基础上,应用该方法定量研究采用主动冗余支链对提高并联机床刚性的效果。结果表明,在一定工作空间范围内,主动冗余支链可以显著提高并联机床的刚性。     

Exechon并联模块的静刚度建模与分析*

为研究Exechon并联模块的刚度性能,采用子结构综合方法建立该模块的刚度解析模型。分别采用虚拟关节法和有限元法计入各关节和支链体的柔性,并通过推导动平台和支链装配体间的变形协调方程构建出系统的弹性静力学模型。由系统方程抽取出动平台刚度矩阵,据此预估Exechon并联模块在典型位姿和工作全域内的刚度性能,并将其与有限元仿真结果进行对比。结果表明,所建解析模型具有较高计算精度,可快速预估机构工作全域的刚度特性;Exechon并联模块在工作空间任一截面内的刚度关于x轴对称分布,且沿w方向的刚度受机构位形影响较小。     

基于PATRAN的机床结构快速动力学建模系统的开发

对机床固定结合面进行了研究,建立了机床固定结合部单元。在有限元软件PATRAN平台上,用PATRAN的二次开发工具PCL语言开发了机床结构快速动力学建模系统,利用DMIG数据卡片将实验数据输入到有限元软件PATRAN中,实现了有限元理论模型和实验模型的结合,提高了机床有限元建模的效率和精度。


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冗余驱动支链对3RPS并联机构刚度的改善

在考虑雅可比矩阵变化与动平台姿态偏移之间映射关系的基础上,基于螺旋理论和矢量微分法建立了3RPS并联机构末端位姿偏移与支链构件变形之间的映射模型。首先采用螺旋理论和矢量微分法分析了支链各构件刚度与整个支链刚度之间的关系,然后建立了3RPS并联机构的瞬时刚度模型,并分析了雅可比矩阵的变化对机构刚度的影响。对冗余驱动支链改善并联机构刚度的原理进行了分析,建立了冗余驱动并联机构的整机刚度模型。仿真分析和实验验证,冗余驱动支链确实能够改善并联机构的刚度。     

Stiffness of a 3-degree of freedom translational parallel kinematic machine

In this paper, a typical 3-degree of freedom (3-DOF) translational parallel kinematic machine (PKM) is studied and analyzed whose tool platform has only translations along X-, Y- and Z-axes. It consists of three limbs, each of which have arm and forearm with prismatic-revolute-revolute-revolute (PRRR) joints. Inverse kinematics analysis is carried out to find the slider coordinates and joint angles for a given position of tool platform. Stiffness modeling is done based on the compliance matrices of arm and forearm of each limb. Using the stiffness modeling the variations of minimum and maximum translational stiffness in the workspace are analyzed. For various architectural parameters of the 3-DOF PKM the tendency of variations on the minimum and maximum stiffness over the entire workspace is studied; and also the deflections of the tool platform along X, Y, and Z directions with respect to various forces are presented.     

电动轿车车身结构扭转刚度分析

车身刚度是较强度要求更严格的设计指标，尤其是车身扭转刚度指标，它是车身抵抗较恶劣的扭转工况载荷的关键保证指标。文中在对某进口微型电动轿车车身骨架进行有限元分析模型研究的基础上，深入分析其车身结构的扭转刚度，通过其试验分析验证仿真分析模型，并进一步分析该车基础结构的刚度。     

Calibration of parallel kinematic machine tools using mobility constraint on the tool center point

In the application of parallel kinematic machine tools (PKM), because of errors in the geometric parameters, it is necessary to calibrate the PKM to improve the positioning accuracy. In existing self-calibration methods, either some redundant sensors on passive joints or some mobility constraints on the kinematic chains are used. However, the mobility constraints imposed on kinematic chains might apply large forces during the test on legs and passive joints. Also, these kinds of calibrating are applicable only on PKMs in which their actuated joints can be used as passive joints. To overcome weaknesses of existing methods, a novel approach to calibration based on imposing position constraints on the tool center point (TCP) is introduced. In this method, only the data of encoders installed on the actuated joints in some sets of configurations are required. In each set, the position of the TCP is fixed, but orientations of the tool are different. Simulations and experimental studies on a Hexaglide PKM built in Sharif University of Technology reveal the convenience and effectiveness of the proposed robot calibration method.     

The influence of friction on contouring accuracy of a Cartesian guided tripod machine tool

This paper is focused on the friction-induced contouring errors of a three-axis parallel kinematic machine (PKM) called a Cartesian-guided tripod (CGT). A dynamic model of the CGT including the nonlinear dynamic, mechanical compliance and mechanical friction has been formulated. Servo control characteristics of the formulated CGT dynamic model are analyzed based on the conventional P-PI controller and feedforward friction compensation implemented in the joint level control scheme. Quantitative analysis and comparison of the various friction sources from the actuated joints (ballscrew/nut) and passive joints (balljoint and guideway) have been conducted. Analysis results show that the ballscrew/nut friction produces the most significant friction-induced contouring errors. The ball-joint friction and linear-guide friction induced contouring errors are two-order and one-order, respectively, lower than the errors by the ballscrew friction. The main reason is that the equivalent friction torques of these two friction sources coupled into the servo drive loop are reduced by the leverage effect of the driving leg length. It was also found that the conventional feedforward friction compensation can effectively reduce the ballscrew-friction-induced contouring errors. However, if not properly compensated, ballscrew friction could excite significant platform-leg structural vibration because the tripod-based PKM usually has a high compliance vibration mode in the horizontal platform-leg direction. The friction-excited structural vibration can be reduced by putting vibration absorbers on the guideways of the passive leg to damp out the platform-leg vibration. From the primary analysis results, it can be seen that the proposed tripod based PKM has high potential for high-speed 5-axis machining applications.     

Design optimization of a 2-DOF parallel kinematic machine based on natural frequency

In this paper, kinematics, workspace, and dynamic analysis of a two degree of freedom (2-DOF) translational parallel robot are carried out. The mechanism of the 2-DOF translational parallel robot consists of four links. Links 1 and 2 consist of three revolute joints and link 3 and 4 consist of three revolute joints and one prismatic joint. These four links are attached to the end effector. The inverse kinematics analysis is carried out to find the joint positions for a particular position of the moving platform. Using stiffness and dynamic mass matrices, the natural frequencies of the parallel kinematic machine (PKM) are obtained. Since the first natural frequency is responsible for higher vibrations, the first natural frequency is considered as performance measure of the PKM i.e. global natural frequency index (GNFI). Using GNFI as the objective, the optimal dimensions of the PKM are obtained.