人Toll样受体2胞外区基因重组腺病毒的制备及鉴定

目的 构建含有人Toll样受体2(TLR2)胞外区基因的重组腺病毒载体并进行鉴定.方法 应用RT-PCR方法从人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中扩增TLR2胞外区全长基因,克隆人pMD18-T载体并经测序验证后,通过KpnⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切将目的 片段定向克隆至经相同处理的pAdTrack-CMV腺病毒穿梭质粒中.将构建止确的重组质粒pAdTrack-CMV-TLR2用Pme Ⅰ酶切线性化后转化感受态AdEasier-1细菌,在大肠杆菌BJ5183内与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1进行细菌内同源重组,获得重组腺病毒质粒.将鉴定正确的重组质粒pAd-TLR2经PacⅠ酶切线性化后,以脂质体法转染至293细胞中进行包装并扩增病毒.观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达并测定病毒滴度,用PCR法鉴定重组腺病毒.结果 RT-PCR扩增得到的目的 基因片段与GenBank中的序列一致,经酶切鉴定及PCR检测证实携带人TLR2胞外区全长基因的重组腺病毒制备成功,获得高滴度(3×109pfu/ml)的重组腺病毒.结论 成功制备了表达人TLR2胞外区基因的重组腺病毒,为后续研究奠定了基础.     

脑红蛋白重组腺病毒表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：为进一步研究脑红蛋白（NGB）的生理功能并为基因治疗缺血性脑损伤提供有效的表达载体，应用细菌内同源重组方法分别构建含NGB及绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的重组腺病毒表达载体，并对其进行鉴定。方法：用电转方法将腺病毒基因组质粒pAdEasy-1导入BJ5183细菌，制备BJ5183-pAdEasy-l细菌，再以后者作为电感受态细菌，与线性化质粒pShuttle-CMV-NGB进行同源重组，获得重组腺病毒质粒pAdEasy-NGB，转染293细胞。制备含脑红蛋白基因的重组腺病毒。结果：通过PCR、序列测定和Western印迹杂交鉴定，确认该重组腺病毒表达载体可正确表达脑红蛋白。结论：成功地构建了表达NGB基因的重组腺病毒载体，为深入开展脑红蛋白的功能研究以及用于缺血性脑损伤疾病的基因治疗奠定了基础。     

重组腺病毒载体Ad5-hVEGF165-EGFP的构建与鉴定

目的人血管内皮生长因子（的hVEGF165）为靶基因,增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因构建体的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体,为基因治疗牙周进一步再生奠定了基础。方法质粒的pDC316-的VEGF165为模板,PCR扩增基因片段进行消化,获得的hVEGF165用于连接到含有绿色荧光蛋白标记基因重组质粒的消化方法的pDC316-MCMV-EGFP质粒载体,PCR鉴定和双酶切证实成功构建重组质粒;使用ADMAX包装系统,改造的质粒共转染用质粒骨架293包装细胞系和重组病毒的扩增;扩增病毒的离子交换纯化;TCID50测定病毒粒子和效价的数目;的荧光的荧光显微镜重组腺病毒表达。结果 PCR鉴定,酶切分析和测序证实成功构建人VEGF基因的携带绿色荧光蛋白标记（的hVEGF165）重组质粒的pDC316-的hVEGF165-MCMV-EGFP和同源重组腺病毒Ad5的-的hVEGF165-EGFP的成功。扩增和纯化后,腺病毒颗粒的数量测量5.4×1011VP/mL,约2.0,为1.8×1010CCID50/mL的滴度OD260/OD280值。结论成功构建携带hVEGF165基因重组腺病毒载体Ad5-hVEGF165-EGFP并获得高滴度病毒颗粒,为hVEGF165基因功能研究以及细胞移植、基因治疗提供有效的工具。     

人Survivin基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其表达

目的　构建含有人Survivin基因的重组腺病毒载体,为转染树突状细胞(DC)构建DC疫苗和基因治疗奠定基础。方法　自行设计一对分别含有KpnⅠ和XholⅠ酶切位点的Survivin基因上下游引物,以质粒pCITE/Survivin为模板,通过PCR扩增获得Survivin基因全序列。片段回收后经酶切,定向插入腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack CMV,获得重组质粒pAdTrack CMV Survivin。通过KpnⅠ和XholⅠ双酶切、PCR及插入片段测序鉴定后,将正确重组体pAdTrack Survivin转化包含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy 1 的BJ5183菌。同源重组后用选择性培养基筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒,用脂质体介导转染293细胞,通过观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达及PCR扩增目的基因等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒。同时将病毒上清转染成纤维细胞,通过观察GFP的表达以及Western blot分析观察Survivin蛋白表达。结果　成功构建了含有人Survivin基因的重组腺病毒,病毒滴度为1 65×108pfu/L。Western blot检测可见16 5kD的Survivin蛋白表达。结论　该重组腺病毒载体的构建及成功转染到成纤维细胞内表达为下一步以人Survivin作为靶抗原的基因治疗奠定了基础。     

携带人鞘氨醇激酶及突变体基因重组腺病毒载体的制备及表达

目的制备携带人野生型鞘氨醇激酶基因(SPK^wt)及其突变体(SPK^DN)的腺病毒载体,为研究SPK的生物学功能提供高效基因转移载体。方法将野生型和突变体SPK基因亚克隆至穿梭载体pshuttle-cmv,重组的穿梭质粒经Pme线性化后,电转化E.coli BJ-AD-1感受态,获得带有目的基因的腺病毒重组子质粒;重组子经Pac I线性化后,以脂质体介导转染293包装细胞,获得重组腺病毒载体;分别行PCR鉴定重组腺病毒是否携带目的基因,Western blot鉴定目的基因是否表达,酶活性检测判断野生型基因和突变体基因表达活性。结果重组腺病毒带有目的基因,可以感染内皮细胞并正确表达,酶活性分析表明野生型SPK基因增强SPK活性,突变体SPK基因抑制SPK活性。结论成功构建了携带SPK野生型及其突受体的重组腺病毒,为研究SPK的功能提供了物质基础。     

应用同源重组技术构建小鼠Cchl1a3基因R528H突变型打靶载体的策略

目的构建小鼠Cchl1a3基因R528H突变型基因敲入打靶载体,模仿低血钾周期性麻痹患者中的对应发现。方法采用置换型载体,分为长短、短臂设计（1.5～2.0kb）,以便用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法筛选中靶载体和ES细胞（embrgonic stem cell）。首先以Cchl1a3基因为模板设计引物,并引入与质粒内插入位点酶切序列相配的内切酶序列,扩增用于套取的同源臂a和b,以及用于插入筛选基因和实行定点突变的同源臂c和d,c和d首尾相接,用点突变特异性PCR在c内实现R528H突变。将a和b定向插入pBR322,借助于温度敏感的pSC101-BAD-gba-（tet）质粒的表达Red/ET重组酶,使其与携带Cchl1a3基因的细菌人工染色体（BAC）实现同源重组,套取含目的突变点、长约8kb的Cchl1a3的基因片断,形成pBR322-Cchl1a3。将c和d定向插入PL451质粒Frt-Neo-Frt片段两侧,酶切c-Frt-Neo-Frt-d片断纯化后,再与pBR322-Cchl1a3质粒一同转入含Red/ET重组酶基因的大肠杆菌EL250菌株,在重组酶的催化下再次实现同源重组,在Cchl1a3基因的给定位点实现R528H突变并插入包含筛选基因和重组酶识别位点的Frt-Neo-Frt片断,完成载体的构建。载体构建过程中,酶切位点变化导致的片断程度改变作为初筛,PCR产物测序结果作为最后的鉴定依据。结果打靶载体符合设计要求。结论运用点突变特异性PCR,结合Red/ET重组技术构建基因定点突变的基因敲入型打靶载体,在重组酶催化下仅需要2次同源重组即可完成。该策略成熟简便,省时省力,构建的载体易于鉴定。     

人凝血因子Ⅶ重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建表达人凝血因子Ⅶ（FⅦ）的重组腺病毒载体,利用腺病毒载体介导哺乳动物细胞表达重组人凝血因子Ⅶ（rhFⅦ）。方法利用BamHⅠ和EcoR Ⅴ双酶切pcDNA 3．1－FⅦ载体得到FⅦ基因片段,补平后,插入经SalⅠ单酶切、补平并去磷酸化处理的加强型绿色荧光蛋白（ GFP）表达盒的pAdTrack－CMV腺病毒穿梭载体,构建pAdTrack－CMV－FⅦ,继而进行酶切和测序鉴定;经PmeⅠ单酶切线性化后,pAdTrack－CMV－FⅦ在BJ5183感受态菌内与pAdEasy－1腺病毒骨架发生同源重组,构建重组表达FⅦ的腺病毒质粒pAd－FⅦ;经PacⅠ酶切后的pAd－FⅦ,使用PEI试剂转染293 A细胞,包装表达FⅦ的重组腺病毒Ad－FⅦ;利用Western 印迹检测重组腺病毒Ad－FⅦ介导293 A细胞表达FⅦ的蛋白水平;通过观察EGFP的表达来判断质粒转染及病毒感染细胞的效率。结果经酶切和测序鉴定,FⅦ克隆到pAdTrack－CMV腺病毒穿梭载体中,获得重组质粒pAdTrack－CMV－FⅦ;将其与pAdEasy－1在细菌内发生同源重组,成功获得FⅦ重组腺病毒质粒pAd－FⅦ;在293A细胞内包装重组腺病毒,Western印迹检测到FⅦ蛋白的表达。结论成功构建重组腺病毒Ad－FⅦ,并实现了rhFⅦ在哺乳动物细胞中的表达,为利用哺乳动物细胞表达rhFⅦ的研究奠定了基础。     

重组腺病毒介导的血管内皮生长因子165在大鼠骨髓基质细胞中的表达

目的 利用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统构建携带血管内皮生长因子165(VEGF165)的重组腺病毒(Ad-VEGF165),并观察Ad-VEGF165转染大鼠骨髓基质细胞(bMSCs)后VEGF165的表达情况. 方法 将PCR获取的VEGF165目的 基因插入到pAATrackCMV中,构建腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-VEGF165,经Pme I酶切线性化后,采用电穿孔法转化到含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183大肠杆菌感受态细胞中,挑选同源重组菌落.提取质粒并用Pac I酶切鉴定.线性化重组质粒pAdEasy-VEGF165转染293T细胞,包装成重组腺病毒颗粒.并扩增收集重组腺病毒,测定病毒滴度.体外培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞,Ad-VEGF165转染骨髓基质细胞,转染后在荧光显微镜下观察.转染的骨髓基质细胞采用RT-PCR和ELISA法检测VFGF165的表达水平. 结果 经酶切鉴定,基因测序及绿色荧光观察证实成功构建了携带VEGF165基因的重组腺病毒,并扩增出109pfu/ml的高滴度重组腺病毒.Ad-VEGF165转染骨髓基质细胞后,RT PCR证明转染的骨髓基质细胞内有VEGF165mRNA表达.ELISA检测发现转染组上清液中VEGF165蛋白分泌量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01). 结论 pAdEasy-VEGF165转染对骨髓基质细胞的增殖能力无明显影响,而且骨髓基质细胞能够表达并分泌VFGF165为研究骨组织工程血管化局部基因治疗奠定了基础.     

携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的重组腺病毒对大鼠局灶性脑缺血治疗的实验研究

目的 :观察携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的重组腺病毒 (Ad_HGF)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血的治疗作用。方法 :建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血动物模型。携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的穿梭质粒与携带复制缺陷的人血清 5型腺病毒基因组的质粒在 2 93细胞进行同源重组 ,构建Ad_HGF。携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组腺病毒 (Ad_GFP)载体注射到局灶性缺血大鼠的缺血侧侧脑室 ,观察其在脑内的表达部位和持续时间。动物给药治疗后 3d ,取大脑 ,平均切成 4片 ,用TTC染色评价Ad_HGF对缺血的治疗效果。结果 :Ad_GFP仅在大鼠双侧侧脑室壁及脑室内的脉络膜细胞表达 ,表达持续两周左右 ;Ad_HGF治疗组动物大脑缺血区明显小于非治疗组动物 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :Ad_HGF能显著缩小大鼠局灶性脑缺血区。     

人骨形态发生蛋白12基因重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的:构建及制备人骨形态发生蛋白12(BMP12)基因重组腺病毒,证明其可感染脂肪组织来源干细胞并表达蛋白。方法:将包含有BMP12cDNA全长序列的BMP12-pED6质粒用限制性内切酶EcoRI进行酶切,得到一个1260bp大小的含有BMP12cDNA的目的基因片段。将目的基因片段插入质粒pcDNA3.1后,用KpnI和PmeI进行双酶切,插入pAdtrack-CMV。插入目的基因片段的穿梭质粒pAdtrack-CMV-BMP12用PmeI进行酶切线性化后与腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy-1一起电转化入感受态BJ5183菌株。用PCR及多种酶切方法鉴定重组体。最终将线性化的重组质粒利用脂质体转入293A细胞中进行病毒包装。BMP12基因随着重组腺病毒在感染的293A细胞中扩增而得到复制,并通过CsCl梯度离心法得以纯化。Elisa法检测Ad-BMP12感染脂肪组织来源干细胞后BMP12的蛋白表达。结果:pAdtrack-CMV-BMP12经酶切证实有1260bp的插入片段。酶切及PCR鉴定证实BMP12基因重组腺病毒载体构建成功。GFP(green fluorescent protein)表明重组腺病毒扩增成功并制备出高滴度重组病毒。该重组病毒可成功感染脂肪来源组织干细胞并表达BMP12蛋白。结论:BMP12基因能够重组于腺病毒载体,可以进行有效扩增,产生高浓度的重组腺病毒,从而用于BMP12基因治疗的研究。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术,观察U50,488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50,488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流,而细胞缺氧后,这一抑制作用减弱;U50,488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱,其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.