共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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目的对提取时间、提取温度和提取次数三个因素进行优化实验,研究长萼堇菜多糖提取工艺;方法通过水提醇沉法提取长萼堇菜多糖,并使用响应面法在单因素实验基础上进行Box-Benhnken组合实验;结果通过响应面法拟合回归方程,确定长萼堇菜多糖最佳提取工艺:温度为100oC,提取次数2次,时间为4 h时,多糖得率理论最优值为5.51%;结论经过实验验证最优提取条件,得到实际的平均多糖得率为5.29%,与拟合的数学模型5.51%近似,证明该模型具有可行性,得到了长萼堇菜多糖较佳的提取工艺。 相似文献
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亚临界水提取干花椒中精油的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用亚临界水提取技术从干花椒中提取花椒精油.考察了原料颗粒度、提取时间、提取温度等因素对花椒精油提取得率的影响.确定亚临界水提取花椒精油的最佳工艺为:原料颗粒度0.5 mm、提取时间40 min、100~150℃的连续程序升温、压力5 Mpa,在此条件下花椒精油的提取得率为5.42%.同时,对亚临界水提取所得的花椒精油进行了抗氧化实验,并与常用抗氧化剂BHT和BHA进行了对比.结果表明,亚临界水提取所得的花椒精油具有较好的抗氧化性.用亚临界水提取技术提取花椒精油具有效率高、能耗低的优点. 相似文献
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以杏鲍菇为原料,利用超声辅助法及响应面法对杏鲍菇多糖提取工艺进行研究。首先进行单因素实验,根据单因素的结论进行响应面分析,采用响应面法优化操作条件。实验结果表明最佳工艺为:料液比1︰30,超声功率417.64 W,时间17.78 min,温度50℃。多糖得率为17.095%。 相似文献
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亚临界水萃取紫草中左旋/右旋紫草素的工艺优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了亚临界水萃取技术富集紫草中左旋/右旋紫草素的工艺过程,采用响应曲面法对影响紫草素提取率的工艺参数进行分析优化.考察了萃取温度、萃取时间和固液比对紫草素提取率的影响,结果发现三个因素在各自考察的实验范围内均有显著影响.采用可见分光光度法对亚临界水提取液中紫草素的浓度进行分析,在510 nm波长下测得的标准线性方程为y=24.77x+0.0311,相关系数为0.9905,紫草素浓度的线性范围是0.0084~0.0540 mg·mL-1.响应曲面分析模型预测的最佳提取条件是:固液比为7.875 g·L-1,在20 MPa、117.5℃下提取18 min,此时紫草素最大提取率是2.02 mg·g-1,与模型预测值基本相符.采用亚临界水萃取紫草素具有高效、环保、操作简便等优势,利用响应曲面设计能够有效地优化萃取过程,为该技术的推广提供了一定的理论支持. 相似文献
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利用响应面法优化瓜拉纳多糖的提取工艺。采用超声辅助水提法,在单因素试验的基础上,以提取时间、超声功率、液料比、提取温度为变量,以瓜拉纳多糖得率为响应值,应用Box-Benhken设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,得到最佳提取工艺为提取时间33.5 min,超声功率155 W,水料体积质量比35 m L︰1 g,提取温度62℃,醇沉透析后冷冻干燥得到瓜拉纳多糖,此条件下瓜拉纳多糖得率为20.80%。对瓜拉纳多糖体外抗氧化活性进行评价,并以维生素C(Vc)作对照,结果发现,瓜拉纳多糖还原能力和总的抗氧化活性均与多糖浓度成正比,但都小于Vc,其中抗氧化能力接近Vc。 相似文献
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采用单因素试验结合响应面法优化金线莲多糖超声波辅助提取工艺。考察超声温度、超声时间、料液比和超声功率等因素,以金线莲中多糖提取量作为评价指标,采用响应面设计优化超声波辅助多糖提取工艺。经优化最佳超声波辅助金线莲多糖提取工艺:超声温度70℃,超声时间60 min,料液比为1∶49,超声功率为270 W。在此条件下,验证实验得到结果为377.4 mg/g与响应面法预测结果无显著差异,证明可行。实验优化并验证了金线莲多糖超声波辅助最佳提取工艺条件,优化后的金线莲多糖提取工艺稳定、可行。 相似文献
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我国高灰熔点煤占煤炭储量的57%左右,直接用于气流床气化时将面临"积灰和堵渣"的问题,探索高灰熔点煤灰熔融特性的调控方法对气流床的稳定运行意义重大。主要分析了助熔剂和配煤对灰熔融温度的影响规律;并从矿物质演变机理的角度综述了助熔剂(Fe2O3,Ca O,Mg O,Na2O,K2O和复合助熔剂)、配煤和软件分析(FactSage软件热力学计算和Gaussian量子化计算)如何分析和实现高灰熔点煤灰熔融特性的可控调整;最后阐述了采用支持向量机进行煤灰熔融温度的预测存在精度高的优势。提出了寻找新型助熔剂以增强灰熔融温度调控的准确性和基于支持向量机模型建立煤灰成分与灰熔融温度的关联式,进而指导和优化气化配煤煤种和比例的选择,为高灰熔点煤的清洁高效利用提供理论支持。 相似文献
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Two kinds of fly ash, discharged in the combustion of either refused derived fuel (RDF) or car shredder dust (SD), were examined for the emission of heavy metals in melting process under oxidizing and reducing conditions. The residual fractions of heavy metal in slag were experimentally estimated. As a result, it was confirmed that several volatile heavy metals were readily emitted during melting process. The type of atmosphere provided for the melting process was found to affect the emission of some volatile metals in RDF ash, but not in SD ash. The emission of volatile heavy metals in RDF ash under oxidizing conditions was lower than under any other conditions in this study. The emission behavior of iron and heavy metals in RDF ash under reducing conditions was similar to that in SD ash. These facts indicated that phosphorous in RDF ash had the property of fixing the volatile metals in the slag only under oxidizing conditions. Then the mixture of SD ash with phosphorous oxide powder was also tested in a melting process, and the result was consistent with the above inference of the effect of phosphorous. 相似文献
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借助高温热台显微镜、扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪、灰熔点仪和X射线衍射仪考察了添加稻草和棉秆两种秸秆对长平煤灰熔融特性的影响.研究结果表明添加两种秸秆都能有效地降低长平煤灰的熔融温度.在高温弱还原性气氛下,长平煤灰主要矿物组成为耐熔性石英和莫来石,而添加秸秆后产生了白榴石、尖晶橄榄石、钙长石等低温共熔化合物,使长平煤灰熔点降低.不同灰的高温熔融图像表明,煤灰在熔融过程中由于受热而使固相持续软化,形成了不利于难熔物分解的高黏度熔体.而煤和稻草的混合灰在熔融时形成了易发生流动的低黏度熔体,能够促进矿物质发生反应而更易熔融. 相似文献
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The melting temperature of Z coal ash was reduced by adding calcium–magnesium compound flux(W_(CaO)/W_(MgO)=1). In the process of simulated coal gasification, the coal ash and slag were prepared. The transformation of minerals in coal ash and slag upon the change of temperature was studied by using X-ray diffraction(XRD). With the increase of temperatures, forsterite in the ash disappears, while the diffraction peak strength of magnesium spinel increases,and the content of the calcium feldspar increases, then the content of the amorphous phase in the ash increases obviously. The species and evolution process of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium at different temperatures were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The decrease of the ash melting point mainly affects the structural changes of silicon, aluminum and oxygen. The coordination of aluminum and oxygen in the aluminum element structure, e.g., tetracoordinated aluminum oxide, was changed. Tetrahedral [AlO_4] and hexacoordinated aluminoxy octahedral [AlO_6] change with the temperature changing. The addition of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) destroys silica chain, making bridge oxide silicon change into non-bridge oxysilicon; and bridge oxygen bond was broken and non-bridge oxygen bond was produced in the oxygen element structure. The addition of calcium and magnesium compound flux reacts with aluminum oxide tetrahedron, aluminum oxide octahedron and silicon tetrahedron to promote the breakage of the bridge oxygen bond. Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) are easily combined with silicon oxide and aluminum oxide tetrahedron and aluminum. Oxygen octahedrons combine with non-oxygen bonds to generate low-melting temperature feldspars and magnesite minerals, thereby reducing the coal ash melting temperatures. The structure of kaolinite and mullite was simulated by quantum chemistry calculation, and kaolinite molecule has a stable structure. 相似文献
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热机械分析仪(TMA)能连续测量煤灰加热过程中探头的位移率和位移速率,可以观察煤灰在整个加热过程中的熔融特性,与采用传统熔点测定仪(AFT)方法相比,能够避免操作者的主观影响,可以提高熔融性测试的重复率和再现性。 相似文献
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为准确预测煤灰熔融温度,论述了国内外建立煤灰熔融温度预测模型的现状,重点分析了线性回归法、BP神经网络法、支持向量机法和Fact Sage软件法的应用情况及误差。回归分析法的应用最为广泛,其中利用最小二乘法拟合的预测公式的相关性系数较高,但适应性较差;BP神经网络法适应性较强,但必须输入大量数据对模型进行训练;支持向量机法虽然优于回归分析法与BP神经网络法,但不能阐明煤灰熔融过程中矿物演变规律,不能科学说明灰熔融特性变化机理。Fact Sage软件法不仅有较高的预测精度,还可阐明煤灰熔融过程中矿物质演变规律,优化煤灰熔融温度的评价标准,建立更可靠的预测模型。因此,Fact Sage软件法是应用前景广阔的煤灰熔融特性预测方法。 相似文献