淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋特性的影响

研究了淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融化能力、硬度、粘弹性和感官指标的影响,结果表明,脂肪替代品能明显增加冰淇淋的膨胀率并改善其抗融化性,当无脂冰淇淋中脂肪替代品的含量达到3%时,其融化率与中脂冰淇淋接近。脂肪替代品还能明显增加无脂冰淇淋的硬度、G'和G"。用模糊数学的方法评价了无脂冰淇淋的感官指标,发现无脂冰淇淋中脂肪替代品的最佳添加量为3%。脂肪替代品能明显改善无脂冰淇淋的感官品质。     

蛋清基脂肪替代品对冰淇淋的理化性质及微观结构的影响

利用蛋清基脂肪替代品降低高脂冰淇淋中的脂肪,开发低脂冰淇淋。通过理化性质测量、感官评价和微观结构的观察,综合分析脂肪替代品在冰淇淋中的代脂肪效果。结果表明：脂肪替代率15%时,冰淇淋的气泡和脂肪总聚集数量多,膨胀率提高,从54.9%增大到72.6%,而融化率降低,从48.32%降低到24.3%。在脂肪替代率25%～30%时,冰淇淋的口感和接受度降低。因此,脂肪替代率15%时,冰淇淋的可接受度最佳。     

低脂冰淇淋的性质研究

用籼米为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋配方中的部分脂肪开发了低脂冰淇淋；研究了低脂冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融化能力、硬度、贮能模量和感官指标。结果表明：随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪含量减少，冰淇淋的膨胀率逐渐增加，抗融化能力略有下降，脂肪替代品能明显增加低脂冰淇淋的膨胀率并改善其抗融化性。低脂冰淇淋的硬度和G^＋下降。用模糊数学的方法评价了低脂冰淇淋的感官指标，发现低脂冰淇淋中脂肪的最佳含量为4％。脂肪替代品能明显改善低脂冰淇淋的感官品质。脂肪含量为4％的低脂冰淇淋的感官指标与中脂冰淇淋相当。     

籼米为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋流变学性质的影响

研究了籼米为基质脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中不同脂肪含量对冰淇淋流变性质的影响。结果表明:随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪替代品含量增加或脂肪含量减少,冰淇淋浆料的黏度逐渐降低、冰淇淋的硬度逐渐降低、冰淇淋的黏性和弹性均逐渐下降。感官评定获得的冰淇淋的质构变化趋势与流变仪测定的冰淇淋黏弹性变化趋势一致,质构仪测定的冰淇淋硬度在8000g时感官评定结果最好。     

辛烯基琥珀酸马铃薯淀粉酯在冰淇淋中的应用研究

将辛烯基琥珀酸马铃薯淀粉酯作为脂肪替代品代替配方中的奶油,进行了冰淇淋的制备试验。结果表明,冰淇淋配方为奶粉14%、白砂糖13%、蛋黄2%和复合稳定剂0.2%时,添加3.0%(w/w)该淀粉酯的无奶油冰淇淋制品其融化率下降、膨胀率提高,口感更加清凉、细滑;其它不同替代程度的低脂冰淇淋制品品质也较优良,整体品质明显优于添加3.0%(w/w)马铃薯原淀粉作为脂肪替代品制得的冰淇淋制品。结论为高黏度辛烯基琥珀酸马铃薯淀粉酯可以作为脂肪替代品部分或全部代替冰淇淋配方中的奶油,但相应冰淇淋的硬度略有增加。     

糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋流变学性质的影响

实验选取籼糯和粳糯两个品种的糯米淀粉,研究了糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中不同脂肪含量对冰淇淋流变性质的影响。结果表明:随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪替代品含量增加或脂肪含量减少,冰淇淋浆料的黏度逐渐增加、硬度逐渐降低、黏性和弹性均逐渐增加。感官评定表明,加入2%籼糯淀粉的低脂冰淇淋感官指标与中脂冰淇淋最接近。     

脂肪替代品在乳制品中的研究与应用进展

介绍了脂肪替代品的国内外研究现状,分类、特点以及研究方法,并介绍了脂肪替代品在酸奶、冰淇淋、奶酪等乳制品中的应用。     

小麦麸脂肪替代品对低脂冰淇淋品质的影响

研究了小麦麸脂肪替代品(WBFS)部分和全部替代冰淇淋中的脂肪对冰淇淋品质的影响。结果表明:WBFS可以提高冰淇淋浆料的黏度,改善冰淇淋的膨胀率;全部脂肪被替代的冰淇淋(FFS)在抗融性、感官评定和质构方面表现出与常规冰淇淋(RF)相似或者略优的品质,而部分脂肪被替代的冰淇淋(MFS)却表现出较差的抗融性和差异明显的感官和质构特性。     

以果胶为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋品质的影响

以果胶为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中的脂肪,随着脂肪替代率的增加,冰淇淋浆料黏度和膨胀率增大,抗融化率下降,硬度增大.不同替代比例制得的低脂冰淇淋的各项感官指标均与中脂冰淇淋无显著差异;当替代全部脂肪时,所制得的无脂冰淇淋也有较好的感官接受性.     

麦芽糊精脂肪替代品在冰淇淋中的应用研究

研究以麦芽糊精为基质的脂肪替代品在冰淇淋中的应用。通过单因素和正交实验研究了影响脂肪替代品品质的油水比、麦芽糊精添加量、单甘酯添加量、蔗糖酯添加量最佳比例。结果表明,在油水比为3∶7、麦芽糊精添加量为35%、单甘脂添加量为1.8%、蔗糖酯添加量为0.2%时人造脂肪的黏稠度、乳化稳定性达到最佳。将研制出的脂肪替代用于冰淇淋生产中,通过正交实验研究结果表明,脂肪替代品添加量35%,奶粉添加量25%,单甘酯添加量0.6%时冰淇淋的感官品质达到最佳。     

脂肪替代物在低脂冰淇淋中的应用研究进展（网络首发、推荐阅读）

冰淇淋作为一种复杂的多相食品,由分散在半冷冻溶液中的脂肪球、气泡和冰晶组成。其脂肪含量通常为8%~16%,在冰淇淋体系中起着重要作用。然而,脂肪摄入过多会对健康造成不利影响,因此采用脂肪替代物部分或全部代替冰淇淋中的脂肪成为研究热点。综述了近年来国内外学者对于冰淇淋中脂肪替代物的研究进展,侧重于不同类型脂肪替代物的介绍,以及脂肪替代物对低脂冰淇淋理化和感官特性的影响,总结了其应用情况,并对未来的研发方向和重点进行了展望。     

Physical properties of ice cream containing milk protein concentrates

Two milk protein concentrates (MPC, 56 and 85%) were studied as substitutes for 20 and 50% of the protein content in ice cream mix. The basic mix formula had 12% fat, 11% nonfat milk solids, 15% sweetener, and 0.3% stabilizer/emulsifier blend. Protein levels remained constant, and total solids were compensated for in MPC mixes by the addition of polydextrose. Physical properties investigated included apparent viscosity, fat globule size, melting rate, shape retention, and freezing behavior using differential scanning calorimetry. Milk protein concentrate formulations had higher mix viscosity, larger amount of fat destabilization, narrower ice melting curves, and greater shape retention compared with the control. Milk protein concentrates did not offer significant modifications of ice cream physical properties on a constant protein basis when substituted for up to 50% of the protein supplied by nonfat dry milk. Milk protein concentrates may offer ice cream manufacturers an alternative source of milk solids non-fat, especially in mixes reduced in lactose or fat, where higher milk solids nonfat are needed to compensate other losses of total solids.     

The effect of using a whey protein fat replacer on textural and sensory characteristics of low-fat vanilla ice cream

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the texture of regular (12%), low fat (6%), and fat-free vanilla (0.5%) ice creams by sensory and instrumental analyses. The low fat and fat free ice cream were prepared using a whey protein based fat replacer (Simplesse ^® 100) as the fat replacement ingredient. Two processing trials with continuous commercial-like process conditions were undertaken. Sensory analyses disclosed that ice creams containing 6% of fat replacer in place of or with milk fat had no demonstrable effect on vanillin flavour. While the sensory attributes of the low fat samples were comparable to the regular vanilla ice cream, the trained sensory panel rated the fat free ice cream to have lower viscosity, smoothness and mouth coating properties. Instrumentally determined apparent viscosity data supported the sensory data. Compared with the fat replacer, milk fat significantly increased the fresh milk and cream flavours of the ice cream. Results emphasized the importance of fat as a flavour modifier and the improvement of texture by addition of Simplesse ^® 100.     

Characterisation of ice cream containing flaxseed oil

Five batches of a 12% (w/w) fat ice cream formulation were prepared using different amounts of flaxseed oil (0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% w/w) to replace milkfat. Meltdown rates, texture of ice cream, particle size of fat globules and microstructure of the ice cream were determined. Increasing the proportion of flaxseed oil in ice cream resulted in an increase in the meltdown rate and a decrease in the ice cream hardness. These were attributed to the low melting temperature of flaxseed oil and the varying extent of fat flocculation. In ice cream containing a high proportion of milkfat, the fat globules formed large particles largely due to flocculation rather than partial‐coalescence. The extent of fat flocculation decreased as the proportion of flaxseed oil was increased. Evidence of fat coalescence was observed in ice cream containing 12% flaxseed oil. The fat flocculates stabilised the air cells and strengthened the foam structure of the ice cream.     

Correlation between colloidal properties of ice cream mix and ice cream

Ice cream mix was produced with a range of emulsifiers and concentrations. Ice cream mix properties were measured and correlated to ice cream properties. Protein load (mg m⁻²) in ice cream mix correlated with major characteristic analyses describing the fat structure in ice cream (fat agglomerate size, fat agglomeration index, solvent extractable fat). Thus, the measurement of protein load in the mix can be used to predict ice cream fat stability and related structure with constant processing conditions. As emulsification increased, more fat could be seen at the air interface by scanning electron microscopy. High correlation coefficients were also obtained with fat structure analyses and the quantitative determination of fat in the dripped portion taken from a melting test of ice cream. Hence, fat analysis from the dripped melt fraction is suggested as a method to characterize the fat-related structure in ice cream.     

脂肪球在搅打乳状液中的部分聚结及其作用

综述了脂肪球在搅打乳状液中的部分聚结现象和搅打条件、脂肪种类、脂肪球吸附膜对部分聚结的影响。以冰淇淋和搅打奶油为例 ,说明脂肪球的部分聚结对于搅打乳状液最终形成充气的泡沫结构起关键作用 ,控制脂肪球的部分聚结程度对于改善搅打乳制品的质量、性能具有重要意义。联系控制脂肪球的部分聚结在冰淇淋生产中的实际应用 ,介绍了近来国际上有关脂肪球部分聚结的研究进展。     

Effect of the fat globule sizes on the meltdown of ice cream

The meltdown of ice cream is influenced by its composition and additives and by fat globule size. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fat globule size and fat agglomerate size on the meltdown stability of ice cream. Therefore, an ice cream mix (10% milk fat) was homogenized at pressures ranging from 0 to 30 MPa in single-stage, double-stage, and selective homogenization processes. The ice cream, produced on a continuous ice cream freezer, was characterized by an optimized meltdown test while, in addition, the fat globule sizes and the free fat content were determined in the mix and the molten ice cream. The meltdown was dependent on the fat agglomerate sizes in the unfrozen serum phase. Agglomerates smaller than a critical diameter led to significantly higher meltdown rates. Homogenization pressures of at least 10 MPa were sufficient to produce a stable ice cream. Furthermore, proof was provided that double-stage homogenization is not necessary for fat contents up to 10% and that selective homogenization is possible to produce stable ice creams. Based on these results a model was deduced describing the stabilizing mechanisms during the meltdown process.     

Effect of modified starch from sweet potato as a fat replacer on the quality of reduced fat ice creams

In the present study, application of different levels (0, 1 and 2%) of citric acid treated sweet potato starch as a fat replacer (FR) in a high (11% fat), medium (6% fat) and low-fat (1%) ice creams were investigated. Results indicated that hardness value tends to improve with the addition of 1% FR in all reduced fat ice creams. During 60 days of storage, a decreasing trend was noticed in overrun, acidity and hardness values of ice cream samples. Overall score of sensory conveyed that the reduced fat ice creams with 1% FR (medium fat ice cream and low fat ice cream) were found to be very acceptable by sensory panels with a similar physicochemical characteristics and acceptance as high-fat ice cream (control) at the end of storage period. Citric acid treated sweet potato starch proved to be a promising alternative as a fat replacer in the ice cream production.