天然牙与种植体联合固定修复上前牙缺失的临床探讨

目的:评价天然牙与种植体联合固定修复上前牙缺失的临床效果.方法:选取2007年2月至2009年4月中山大学附属第一医院口腔科因上前牙区多牙缺失牙槽骨量不足或基牙分布不均,要求接受种植固定修复的22例患者,其中男8例,女14例,年龄在40-78岁,缺失前牙95颗,植入了44颗IIT种植体,其中11例患者同期行骨劈开引导骨组织再生术,术后两周行过渡义齿修复.种植手术后6个月的骨整合期内,有1例患者的1颗种植体因骨结合不良早期脱落,其余21例完成上部结构修复,采用天然牙与种植体支持的金属烤瓷固定义齿修复.随访3-24个月,行X线片检查,临床观察以及患者满意度调查.结果:19例患者的41颗种植体形成良好的骨整合,X线检查见天然牙与种植体周围垂直向骨吸收每年不超过0.2mm.2例患者2颗种植牙出现种植体周围炎,3例患者出现颈缘崩瓷.患者对美观、发音的满意度达98%,修复体固位力、咀嚼能力在种植治疗后明显提高.结论:天然牙与种植体联合固定修复上前牙缺失可取得较为满意的临床效果,是一种可供选择的修复治疗方案.     

种植体支持切削杆固位无牙颌种植修复体的临床应用和加工技术研究

目的：探讨种植体支持切削杆固位覆盖义齿的临床效果及工艺特点.方法：28例无牙颌患者（男12例,女16例,年龄22-71岁）,共31个修复体,植入种植体168枚.所有病例在种植体植入4-6个月后开始种植修复,均采用切削杆固位的覆盖义齿修复.修复后追踪最长39个月,最短12个月.观察方法为临床检查和x线片检查.结果：31个修复体固位力好、稳定.23例患者对修复效果非常满意,5例满意.5例患者由于口腔卫生差导致种植体周围软组织炎,4例经过局部冲洗上药,炎症消退,1例在修复后五年发展为种植体周围炎,最终修改修复设计,改用磁性基台固位.X线片示27例患者的160枚种植体周围骨组织稳定,无骨吸收,1例8颗种植体周围骨吸收2-4 mm.28例患者中2例在修复后一年发生修复体树脂基托断裂,2例在修复后四年发生修复体树脂基托断裂,修补后重新使用,无需重做修复体.所有病例在修复后至最后一次复查未见种植体脱落.结论：应用种植体支持切削杆固位修复无牙颌的修复效果满意,种植体受力均匀,但加工工艺及设备要求较高,材料成本高,是该技术推广应用不足之处.     

种植体联合牙半切术单冠修复下颌磨牙的疗效观察

目的探讨应用种植体联合牙半切术单冠修复下颌磨牙的临床疗效。方法选择12例患牙,健康牙根完善根管治疗,微创拔除病变牙根。半切术后8～10周植入种植体,种植体植入后3～4个月进行种植二期手术,安装穿牙龈愈合基台。牙龈愈合4～6周后开始进行全冠修复,并随访2～4年。结果 11例种植体联合牙半切术单冠修复下颌磨牙均获成功,种植体稳固,种植体周骨组织未见明显吸收,修复体形态美观,功能恢复良好,患者满意度高。1例因病变的远中牙根与牙槽骨发生骨粘连,术中不得不使用骨凿损伤了近中牙根而一并拔除。结论种植体联合牙半切术单冠修复下颌磨牙是一种有效的修复方法。     

两种固位方式下种植义齿周围组织情况及菌群分布的比较研究

目的：比较粘接固位与螺丝固位种植义齿修复后周围组织的健康情况及龈下菌群分布的差异。方法上下颌牙列缺损患者36例共68枚种植体,其中31枚采用螺丝固位修复体,37枚采用粘接固位修复体。分别于修复后第3个月、6个月、12个月复诊,检测种植义齿探诊深度（PD）、改良菌斑指数（mPLI）、改良出血指数（mSBI）等临床指标,比较种植体周围软组织健康状况,测量种植体边缘骨吸收（MBL）状况。采集种植体龈下菌群标本,比较两种固位方式修复后龈下菌群的差异。结果两组的mPLI、mSBI、PD、MBL在所有时间点差异均无统计学意义。在第3个月,螺丝固位组的种植义齿龈下厌氧菌总数高于粘接固位组（P<0.05）。在第6个月,螺丝固位组种植义齿龈下具核梭杆菌总数高于粘接固位组（P<0.05）。12个月时,两组龈下菌群数差异无统计学意义。结论螺丝固位与粘接固位两种固位方式对种植义齿周围软组织及边缘骨吸收的影响无显著差异。在修复后短期内,螺丝固位组厌氧菌总数、具核梭杆菌检出量较粘接固位组高,但在12个月时二者无明显差异。     

单磨牙缺失应用双种植体修复的效果评价

目的:评价应用双种植体支持义齿修复缺牙间隙较大的单磨牙缺失的临床效果.方法:对32例共38颗单磨牙缺失且间隙较大的患者,分别采用Branemark和Replace种植系统进行双种植体修复.在修复完成后3个月、1a和3a进行随访,分别观察种植体及修复体的稳定性、种植体牙周状况以及种植体周围骨组织吸收量.采用SPSS13.0软件包对种植体牙周状况进行Wilcoxon符号秩检验和x2检验;对种植体周围骨组织吸收量进行配对t检验.结果:38颗单磨牙缺失共使用76枚种植体修复,其中1枚种植体在一期种植术后2周时松动、脱落,择期再种植后无松动、脱落.76枚种植体在修复完成后3个月、1a和3a随访时均无脱落;38个修复体无松动.牙周菌斑指数、探诊出血和探诊深度在修复后3个月、1a和3a均无显著差异(P>0.05).X线显示骨整合良好,修复完成后3个月,种植体周围骨吸收量为(0.56±0.14)mm,随后1a和3a种植体周围骨吸收趋于稳定,在原有基础上分别再吸收(0.15±0.05)mm和(0.17±0.06)mm,显著低于修复完成后3个月(P<0.05).结论:双种植体适合间隙较大的单磨牙缺失种植修复.     

混合固位在后牙种植义齿修复中的应用

目的:观察混合固位(改良粘接固位)在后牙种植义齿修复中的临床应用。方法:60例后牙牙列缺损患者共植入92枚种植体,其中50枚采用粘接固位修复体,42枚采用混合固位修复体。分别于修复1年后复诊,检测种植体周围边缘骨吸收量、改良菌斑指数(mPLI)、改良出血指数(mSBI)临床指标以及患者对种植义齿的满意度。结果:1年后,粘接固位组及混合固位组种植体周围边缘骨吸收量分别平均为0.531mm和0.492mm;两种固位组种植体周围边缘骨吸收量、mPLI、mSBI以及患者满意度方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:混合固位种植义齿短期临床修复效果尚可,可用于种植义齿修复。     

多单位种植修复中组合运用螺丝固位与粘接固位的临床回顾性研究

目的:比较种植联冠修复中组合使用螺丝与粘接固位修复方式(SCP)与单纯粘接及螺丝固位方式在修复体固位并发症方面的差异.方法:收集后牙区多单位种植修复体戴牙后2年的患者152例,共331颗种植体.其中使用螺丝固位的44例(S组,94颗植体);口内粘结固位56例(C组,121颗植体);螺丝固位与粘接固位联合运用52例(SC...     

用Replace种植修复体修复上颌前牙缺失

目的：本文报告单独用Replace种植体、或联合邻牙支持和固位的、用粘固剂固定的金属陶瓷单冠修复上颌前牙缺失患者的基本情况、临床修复程序,评价了种植修复体的临床应用效果.方法：用Replace种植体支持的种植单冠为25例患者缺失的31颗上颌前牙进行了修复治疗.22位患者（26枚种植牙）按期复查,其中,10位患者在种植体植入的同期接受了自体组织移植或人工骨植入手术.根据对种植体周围软组织健康情况、附丽高度、外形和色泽的临床观察,结合医、患双方对种植修复体的美观效果、功能状况满意度评价来确定修复效果.结果：种植牙修复后咀嚼功能恢复良好,面容和语音功能有显著改观,种植体周围软组织健康.种植单冠和修复基台的接缝位于龈下,种植牙给人以从龈下长出来的视觉效果,美观.20例按期复查的患者和修复医生对修复体、及其临床应用效果都评价为满意.2例患者对3个种植牙评价为可接受.结论：用Replace种植体支持的、暂时性粘固剂固定的种植上颌前牙能够获得医、患双方都满意或可接受的临床应用效果.     

上颌前牙即刻种植即刻修复的临床应用研究

目的:评估上颌前牙区即刻种植即刻修复的临床应用效果,特别是美学效果,并探讨其临床应用技巧及美学影响因素。方法:选择16例共18颗无法保存的上前牙,微创拔除后即刻植入Xi ve或Repl ace种植体共18枚,均于48小时内完成临时固定修复,4～6个月后完成最终修复。种植永久修复后追踪观察12～36个月,观察种植体周围软硬组织情况,统计种植义齿存留率、牙龈乳头充盈指数以及修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性、患者主观满意度。结果:在观察期内18枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,种植体无松动,种植体周围未见病理性骨吸收,存留率为100%;18枚种植修复体周围共34个牙龈乳头充盈指数均为2到3度,其中24个(70.6%)为3度;15枚种植修复体唇侧龈缘位置与相邻天然牙协调无差异,3枚轻度差异;16枚种植修复体与相邻天然牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,2枚轻度差异。患者主观满意度VAS值平均达91.5。结论:在严格掌握适应证的前提下,应用正确的手术技巧对无法保存的上前牙进行微创拔除后即刻种植即刻修复能获得理想的临床效果,特别是美学效果。     

改良式引导骨再生术+即刻修复技术在上前牙即刻种植中的应用评价

目的评估一种改良式引导骨再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)+即刻修复技术在上前牙即刻种植中的应用效果,特别是美学效果,并探讨其临床技巧及美学影响因素。方法选择15例单颗上前牙进行即刻种植,微创拔牙后即刻植入Replace、Straumann或Ankylos种植体共15枚,采用改良式GBR+即刻修复,均于2 h内完成临时修复。4⁶个月后完成最终修复。种植修复完成后随访66个月后完成最终修复。种植修复完成后随访6²4个月,观察种植体周围软硬组织情况,统计种植义齿存留率、种植修复体与相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性和患者主观满意度。结果在观察期内,15枚种植体均获得了良好的骨结合,无松动,未见病理性骨吸收,存留率为100%;12枚种植修复体唇侧龈缘位置与邻牙协调无差异,3枚轻度差异;14枚种植修复体与邻牙牙龈颜色质地协调无差异,1枚轻度差异。患者主观满意度VAS平均值为92。结论改良式GBR+即刻修复技术在上前牙即刻种植中,有助于获得理想的前牙美学效果,缩短治疗周期。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.