Hand-based single sample biometrics recognition

Currently, single sample biometrics recognition (SSBR) has emerged as one of the major research contents. It may lead to bad recognition result. To solve this problem, we present a novel approach by fusing two kinds of hand-based biometrics, i.e., palmprint and middle finger. We obtain their discriminant features by combining statistical information and structural information of each modal which are extracted using locality preserving projection (LPP) based on wavelet transform (WT). In order to reduce the influence of affine transform, we utilize mean filtering to enhance the robustness of structural information to improve the discriminant ability of palmprint high-frequency sub-bands. The two types of features are then fused at score level for the final hand-based SSBR. The experiments on the hand image database that contains 1,000 samples from 100 individuals show that the proposed feature extraction and fusion methods lead to promising performance.     

一种新的掌纹特征提取方法研究

提出一种基于Gabor小波和改进的广义K-L变换的掌纹识别方法。该方法首先对测试样本的掌纹ROI灰度图像进行Gabor小波变换,得到其Gabor特征向量,然后利用改进的广义K-L变换方法将高维特征向量变换到低维空间,最后将得到的低维特征向量利用欧氏距离法与训练样本库中的特征向量作匹配识别。该方法首次将基于时频变换的特征提取算法与基于子空间的特征提取算法结合起来,既充分利用了Gabor函数优良的特征提取性能,又有效解决了高维特征的降维处理问题。通过使用自行采集的数据库对该方法作对比实验,获得了94%的识别率     

基于LP和DFB结构的离散Contourlet遥感影像融合算法及在QuickBird中的试验研究

针对目前最新发展的Contourlet变换能够比小波变换提供更丰富的方向和形状基,适合进行多尺度边缘增强的特点,利用Contourlet变换用于融合遥感全色和多光谱影像的算法,即利用LP（Laplacian Pyramid）捕获影像的低频分量,利用DFB（Directional Filter Bank）获得影像的高频分量,再对得到的低频近似系数和高频细节系数按照融合规则,采用算术平均和加权算子构造融合影像对应的对比度金字塔;最后,通过逆塔形变换重构融合影像。提出一种基于塔形方向滤波器组PDFB（Pyramidal Directional Filter Bank）的影像融合方法,算法一方面将Contourlet变换这一新的数学工具引入到影像融合中,另一方面对目前高分辨率影像数据源QuickBird进行了融合实验。此外,利用熵、扭曲度、偏差指数、相关系数、标准差等参量,对此融合方法的融合性能进行了评价与分析。实验结果表明：提出的融合算法能在保留多光谱影像光谱信息的同时增强了融合影像的空间细节表现能力和信息量,该算法是有效可行的。     

双树复小波变换结合LM神经网络的掌纹识别方案

针对现有掌纹识别方案不能够很好的提取多分辨率特征的问题,提出一种基于双树复小波变换（DT-CWT）和Levenberg-Marquardt（LM）神经网络的掌纹识别方案. 首先,将彩色手掌图像转换成灰度图像. 然后,提取出手掌图像中的感兴趣区域（ROI）,并构建成直方图. 接着,利用DT-CWT进行6层小波分解并获得特征系数,分别计算特征系数的最大值、平均值和中值构建36维特征向量. 最后,利用LM神经网络根据特征向量实现掌纹的识别分类. 在CASIA数据库上的实验结果表明,相比其他几种较新的识别方案,提出的方案的具有更高的识别率和更少的识别时间.     

基于Gabor小波变换和最佳鉴别特征的掌纹识别

提出了一种提取掌纹图像特征的方法,该方法的实现过程如下：首先,计算掌纹图像上均布离散位置的二维Gabor小波变换系数的幅值,将其作为掌纹图像的原始特征;其次,利用主分量分析实现Gabor小波特征的降维;最后,通过线性判别分析提取最有利于分类的最佳鉴别特征。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

A multiscale feature fusion approach for classification of very high resolution satellite imagery based on wavelet transform

A novel methodology based on multiscale spectral and spatial information fusion using wavelet transform is proposed in order to classify very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. Conventional wavelet‐based feature extraction methods employ single windows of a fixed size, which are not satisfactory as the VHR imagery contains complex and multiscale objects. In this paper, spectral and spatial features are extracted based on a set of concentric windows around a central pixel in order to integrate the information across different windows/scales. The proposed method is made up of three blocks: (1) the conventional wavelet‐based feature extraction methods are extended from single band processing to multispectral bands, and from single window to multi‐windows, (2) two multiscale fusion algorithms are proposed to exploit the multiscale spectral and spatial information and (3) a support vector machine (SVM), a relatively new method of machine learning, is used to classify the multiscale spectral–spatial feature sets. The proposed classification method is evaluated on two VHR datasets and the results show that the multiscale approach can improve the classification accuracy in homogeneous areas while simultaneously preserving accuracy in edge regions.     

Face and palmprint pixel level fusion and Kernel DCV-RBF classifier for small sample biometric recognition

Recently, multi-modal biometric fusion techniques have attracted increasing atove the recognition performance in some difficult biometric problems. The small sample biometric recognition problem is such a research difficulty in real-world applications. So far, most research work on fusion techniques has been done at the highest fusion level, i.e. the decision level. In this paper, we propose a novel fusion approach at the lowest level, i.e. the image pixel level. We first combine two kinds of biometrics: the face feature, which is a representative of contactless biometric, and the palmprint feature, which is a typical contacting biometric. We perform the Gabor transform on face and palmprint images and combine them at the pixel level. The correlation analysis shows that there is very small correlation between their normalized Gabor-transformed images. This paper also presents a novel classifier, KDCV-RBF, to classify the fused biometric images. It extracts the image discriminative features using a Kernel discriminative common vectors (KDCV) approach and classifies the features by using the radial base function (RBF) network. As the test data, we take two largest public face databases (AR and FERET) and a large palmprint database. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed biometric fusion recognition approach is a rather effective solution for the small sample recognition problem.     

Online palmprint identification

Biometrics-based personal identification is regarded as an effective method for automatically recognizing, with a high confidence, a person's identity. This paper presents a new biometric approach to online personal identification using palmprint technology. In contrast to the existing methods, our online palmprint identification system employs low-resolution palmprint images to achieve effective personal identification. The system consists of two parts: a novel device for online palmprint image acquisition and an efficient algorithm for fast palmprint recognition. A robust image coordinate system is defined to facilitate image alignment for feature extraction. In addition, a 2D Gabor phase encoding scheme is proposed for palmprint feature extraction and representation. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.     

基于DCT鉴别分析的掌纹特征提取

离散余玄变换是一种经典的图像处理技术，而鉴别分析是一种常用的图像特征提取技术。本文将这两种技术有机地结合起来，提出了一种新的掌纹特征提取方法。该方法首先对于掌纹的离散余玄变换图像，提出了一个二维可分性判据来选择具有良好可分性的频段;然后提出了一种改进的费舍脸方法来提取鉴别特征。在掌纹图象公共数据库上的实验结果验证了本文所提出的方法的有效性。     

Fusion of palm-phalanges print with palmprint and dorsal hand vein

To ensure the high performance of a biometric system, various unimodal systems are combined to evade their constraints to form a multimodal biometric system. Here, a multimodal personal authentication system using palmprint, dorsal hand vein pattern and a novel biometric modality “palm-phalanges print” is presented. Firstly, we have collected a new anterior hand database of 50 individuals with 500 images at the institute referred to as NSIT Palmprint Database 1.0 by using NSIT palmprint device. Then from these anterior hand images, database for palmprint and palm-phalanges is created. In this biometric system, the individuals do not have to undergo the distress of using two different sensors since the palmprint and palm-phalanges print features can be captured from the same image, using NSIT palmprint device, at the same time. For dorsal hand vein, Bosphorus Hand Vein Database is used because of the stability and uniqueness of hand vein patterns. We propose fusion of three different biometric modalities which includes palmprint (PP), palm-phalanges print (PPP) and dorsal hand vein (DHV) and perform score level fusion of PP-PPP, PP-DHV, PPP-DHV and PP-PPP-DHV strategies. Lastly, we use K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine and random forest to validate the matching stage. The results proved the validity of our proposed modality and show that multimodal fusion has an edge over unimodal fusion.     

改进Contourlet变换的3D掌纹图像识别

提出一种基于改进Contourlet变换的3D掌纹图像识别方法;该方法通过形状指数将3D掌纹图像映射成灰度图像,以克服常用的均值或高斯曲率映射难于精确描述3D掌纹特征的缺点;基于此,将7/5滤波器引入Contourlet变换,并在变换域提取形状指数映射图各方向子带的均值与方差作为掌纹图像的特征信息,从而有效利用了Contourlet变换优越的方向特征表达能力,又可有效消除传统Contourlet变换各子图像存在的相关性;最后采用欧氏距离最近邻分类法,实现了测试图像的分类识别。实验结果表明,针对香港理工大学所提供的三维掌纹数据库,该方法总体识别率较PCA方法提高了2.9%,具有明显的优势。     

一种新的掌纹图像感兴趣区域提取算法

重点研究具有一定自由度在线掌纹图像的感兴趣区域提取算法。首先结合掌纹图像的特点采用全局阈值二值化掌纹图像,然后利用形态学算子平滑掌纹轮廓,提取轮廓线Freeman链码并对链码进行角度变换,最后通过考察轮廓线上各点附近轮廓线的角度变化来提取掌纹图像感兴趣所需要的定位点,从而提取感兴趣区域。感兴趣区域的提取为特征提取和特征匹配打下了基础。最后,在两个公开的掌纹数据库,通过实验证明了这种算法的有效性。     

单幅近红外手掌图像掌静脉和掌纹多特征识别

传统的掌静脉和掌纹图像融合识别一般需分别采集掌静脉和掌纹两类图像,而单幅近红外手掌图像中实际上同时包含了掌静脉和掌纹结构信息。由于二者局部纹理细节差异较大,且像素值分布范围不同,因此,可以先分离再分别增强处理。首先,提出了改进的引导滤波算法以便去除掌纹结构,并设计了反模糊细节增强模型增强掌静脉结构图像;然后,提出了一种改进的分块增强算法,可以在增强掌纹结构图像的同时滤除掌静脉结构信息,再利用基于Sobel算子的反锐化掩模算法以便突出掌纹主线条结构信息;最后,对单幅近红外手掌图像中获取的掌静脉和掌纹图像进行融合识别。在香港理工大学近红外手掌数据库上进行了实验,结果表明：所提出的算法识别率达到了99.63%,与其他已有算法相比等误率平均降低了0.66%,验证了所提出算法的有效性。     

Feature space and metric measures for fusing multisensor images

A multivalued wavelet transform (MWT) is proposed to fuse multisensor images in feature space. First, feature space is constructed using image‐derived features, and then the MWT is introduced. The multisensor images are then fused in the MWT domain using a voting and electing fuser based on the cross‐feature scale guideline and the posterior probability of the MWT coefficient. The performance of the MWT is estimated using metric measures regarding various aspects of image quality. A fusion experiment using Thematic Mapper (TM) multispectral and SPOT panchromatic images of south China demonstrates that MWT outperforms smoothing filter‐based intensity modulation (SFM) in terms of the fidelity to spectral properties and the injection of salient information. The experimental results confirm that the MWT is a superior fusion method for enhancing spatial quality of multispectral images with their spectral properties reliably preserved.     

融合水平梯度与局部信息强度的掌纹识别算法

掌纹纹线特征是掌纹最有效的特征.由于在采集掌纹时不可避免地会产生尺度不一致、细微的旋转或平移等问题,使得准确地提取以及描述纹线特征成为掌纹识别的一大难点.针对这一问题,提出了一种融合水平梯度与局部信息强度的掌纹识别算法(Horizontal Gradient-Local Information Intensity,HG-LII).首先,使用不同的均值滤波模板消除细小、不规则、不稳定的掌纹纹线特征,对处理后的图像使用水平梯度算子得到水平方向的梯度图像,并进行二值化;其次使用分块思想计算掌纹纹线的信息强度,并将其作为特征向量;最后采用卡方距离进行匹配,判断掌纹所属类别.在PolyU掌纹库上的实验结果表明,该算法识别率达到99.89％,与传统的提取纹线算法相比,识别率有明显的提高,表明了该算法的有效性.     

基于影像融合和面向对象技术的植被信息提取研究

高分辨率影像具有丰富的光谱信息和空间信息。采用不同的图像融合技术融合GeoEye影像全色波段和多光谱波段,用建立的参考多边形和对应多边形残差法评价分割质量,以确定研究区各地物类型的最优分割参数组合,选择目标地物分类特征,建立分类规则,在此基础上实现研究区内不同地物类型的面向对象信息提取。结果表明:Gram-Schmidt(GS)融合法具有最优的融合效果,所选特征能够很好地实现目标地物信息提取,并且具有明确的地学意义,面向对象信息提取总体精度达到90.3%,Kappa系数为0.86,该研究为高精度植被信息的提取提供了有效的方法。     

一种基于区域分割的多尺度遥感图像融合方法

光谱保持和高分辨率保留是图像融合的重要问题,提出了一种区域分割和小波变换相结合的多尺度遥感图像融合方法。首先对经过配准的待融合图像进行小波变换,然后对变换后的低频系数进行基于区域标准差的分割,将低频系数分为目标信息和背景信息,接着对目标信息采取基于绝对值的融合,对背景信息采用基于灰度误差的融合。对小波变换后的高频系数采用基于清晰度的融合规则,最后进行小波逆变换得到融合图像。将该方法和几种常用融合方法进行对比分析,结果表明:该方法在有效地保持多光谱影像光谱信息的同时,可以有效地提高融合影像的空间细节信息,有利于后续进行信息提取和图像分类。     

基于GIDBC的掌纹识别算法研究

针对采用分形维数作为特征描述掌纹信息不准确的问题,对差分盒子维进行改进提高特征区分性.此外,由于采用单一的特征不足以描述掌纹纹理,引入Gabor变换,提出一种基于Gabor变换与改进差分盒子维(GIDBC,Gabor improved differential box counting)相结合的掌纹识别算法.通过在PolyU掌纹图像库上实验,与传统高性能算法比较,本算法识别率最高可达到99.78％,表明了本文方法的有效性,同时特征提取与匹配时间为338 ms,满足实时性要求.     

加权自适应CS-LBP与局部判别映射相结合的掌纹识别方法

提取掌纹的最佳低维分类特征一直是掌纹识别研究领域的一个重要方向。针对掌纹图像具有丰富的纹理特征特点,提出一种基于加权自适应中心对称局部二值模式(WACS-LBP)与局部判别映射(LDP)相结合的掌纹识别方法。首先将掌纹感兴趣(ROI)图像分成大小均匀的小区域,利用自适应中心对称局部二值模式(ACS-LBP)算法获取不同区域的纹理特征直方图和权值,经过加权连接得到ROI的加权纹理特征直方图向量;再利用LDP算法对得到的特征向量进行维数约简;最后利用K-最近邻分类器进行掌纹识别。在掌纹公开数据库上进行实验,正确识别率高达97%以上。实验结果表明,该方法不仅是有效、可行的,而且研究思路比较明确。     

基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率遥感图象融合

多传感器数据融合技术已广泛应用于遥感图象处理方面 .针对遥感多光谱图象空间分辨率较低的问题 ,提出了一种基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率图象融合方法 .该方法首先对图象进行二维小波变换 ,然后根据所得到的高频小波系数的一阶、二阶统计特征来定义图象局部灰度相关矩 ,并以此作为图象融合测度来对遥感图象进行多分辨率特征融合 ,从而得到包含更多信息和有效特征的融合图象 .仿真结果表明 ,融合后的图象在保留多光谱信息和提高空间分辨率上均能获得较好的效果 ,因而可以更好地用于目标识别、分类等遥感图象处理方面