AZ10镁合金均匀化退火工艺研究

通过金相组织分析、显微硬度测试和热压缩实验,研究了不同退火温度和时间条件下AZ10镁合金铸坯的显微组织、显微硬度、热压缩变形抗力以及变形能,分析了退火温度和时间对铸坯组织转变、成分均匀化、变形抗力和变形能的影响.结果表明,退火温度对均匀化起主要作用,AZ10镁合金铸锭的均匀化退火的优化工艺为400 ℃×18 h.     

AZ61镁合金的均匀化处理

研究了不同退火温度和时间条件下AZ61铸态镁合金的显微组织以及硬度值,分析了温度和保温时间对组织转变和成分均匀性的影响.得出温度是影响均匀化进程的主要因素,并推荐AZ61铸态镁合金的退火工艺为400 ℃×12 h.     

Al含量及均匀化处理对AZ系列镁合金组织的影响

为了在挤压生产中获取均匀的镁合金变形组织,需要掌握合金含量及均匀化退火对热挤压组织的影响规律.本实验通过在Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机上对不同Al含量的AZ10,AZ31,AZ61和AZ91镁合金进行热模拟挤压,结果表明,经过400℃/12h均匀化退火,AZ10和AZ31合金均形成单一的α固溶体,AZ61合金...     

ZK60镁合金铸坯均匀化退火研究

通过金相组织分析和显微硬度测试,研究了不同退火温度和时间条件下ZK60镁合金铸坯的显微组织和显微硬度,分析了退火温度和时间对铸坯组织转变和成分均匀化的影响.结果表明退火温度对均匀化起主要作用.提出了ZK60镁合金铸锭的优化退火工艺为470℃×14h.     

径锻AZ61镁合金退火后晶粒长大及组织演变规律

目的 通过研究径锻AZ61镁合金棒材在后续退火处理时的晶粒长大和组织均匀性演变行为,构建等温条件下径锻AZ61镁合金晶粒长大模型,总结径锻镁合金退火后组织均匀性演变规律,为此棒材后续热处理工艺的制定提供理论借鉴和指导。方法 基于系统的等温正交退火试验,量化统计各退火条件下样品组织的平均晶粒尺寸和晶粒尺寸分布,分析径锻AZ61镁合金棒材的晶粒长大行为和组织均匀性演变规律。结果 退火后,径锻AZ61镁合金组织中晶粒趋于长大。在250～300℃温度区间内,晶粒长大速度较为缓慢。随着退火温度的升高,晶粒长大速率随之上升,尤其是退火温度升高到450℃以后,晶粒长大速率显著增大。当退火温度一定时,退火起始30min内,晶粒快速长大。在之后的长时间退火过程中,晶粒长大速度逐渐放缓。同时,随着退火的进行,锻后样品中存在的超细晶条带状组织逐渐消失,样品组织均匀性显著提高。结论 通过研究晶粒长大现象构建的等温条件下径锻AZ61镁合金晶粒长大模型与试验结果拟合良好。结合组织均匀性演变规律,径锻AZ61镁合金退火后的组织状态能够被很好地预测。     

热轧工艺对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

目的研究大变形量热轧、累积叠轧和普通热轧3种不同加工工艺及后续热处理对AZ31镁合金的组织及室温力学性能的影响。方法将均匀化处理后的AZ31原始样品采用大变形热轧、累积叠轧和普通热轧3种不同加工工艺制备成板材,并进行了后续热处理。利用EBSD技术和力学性能测试,解释了其组织和性能的关系。结果剧烈塑性变形工艺及适宜的热处理工艺,可使AZ31镁合金保持高强度的同时还可兼顾优良的室温延伸率。大变形量热轧工艺制备的AZ31镁合金板材的细晶组织及室温拉伸性能,可与累积叠轧等传统剧烈塑性变形工艺相媲美,屈服强度达到289 MPa,延伸率为7%。结论与普通热轧工艺制得的AZ31镁合金板材相比,大变形量热轧工艺及累积叠轧工艺制得的板材具有更高的强度和塑性。剧烈塑性变形镁合金在低温退火后获得的混晶组织,具有优良的综合力学性能,强度比形变态样品略低,而塑性与完全退火样品相同甚至更好。     

热变形镁合金退火显微组织的定量研究

对热变形AZ31镁合金的显微组织、晶粒尺寸分布、平均晶粒尺寸、再结晶晶粒数目以及变形织构随退火时间的变化进行了定量分析,研究了不同热变形量AZ31镁合金在503 K的等温退火行为。结果表明:热变形AZ31镁合金的细晶组分随着退火时间的延长不断降低,退火过程按退火温度可分为孕育、再结晶急速长大和晶粒正常长大三个阶段,且各阶段的其长短几乎不受变形程度的影响。变形形成的微观织构在整个退火过程中几乎没有变化,说明热变形镁合金在退火过程中没有新核形成,即为连续静态再结晶。     

热挤压AZ91D镁合金边角料组织和性能的研究

采用热挤压工艺直接热挤出AZ91D镁合金边角料,研究挤压温度对挤压成形镁合金组织和性能的影响,并讨论其断裂行为.结果表明:在450℃热挤压时,晶粒尺寸均匀,组织中已不存在原始边角料之间未打碎的结合面,边角料之间结合较好;在350～450℃之间热挤出时,AZ91D镁合金随挤压温度的升高,抗拉强度和延伸率均增加,当挤压温度...     

冷锻AZ31镁合金再结晶过程动力学

对不同变形量的冷锻AZ31镁合金在不同温度和保温时间下进行退火.通过对其组织的研究和静态再结晶动力学的分析,结果表明:可以用JMAK方程对其静态再结晶体积分数和退火时间的关系进行描述.由实验数据计算得到冷锻AZ31镁合金再结晶激活能为53.5kJ/mol左右,同时得到各温度下的再结晶完成时间,可为冷锻AZ31镁合金退火工艺的制定提供一定参考.     

均质化制度对Mg-Li合金显微组织和机械性能的影响

研究了超轻镁锂变形合金热处理后的合金显微组织和机械性能。镁锂合金在室温条件下具有非常良好的延展性，Mg—Li—Zn系变形镁合金铸锭经不同温度、时间均匀化退火后的组织、硬度以及冷轧性能进行了研究。结果表明。Mg．9％Li-2％Zn-2％Ca合金在573K温度均匀化退火12h后合金铸锭组织均匀；而对于Mg-9％Li-2％Zn合金，523K温度均匀化退火24h后组织较好。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。