空调环境作业工人某些免疫指标的变化

目的：探讨空调环境对作业工人免疫功能的影响。方法：对空调与非空调环境进行空气质量测定，检测作业工人血清免疫球蛋白和补体含量。结果：暴露组空气中的甲醛、CO2浓度升高，负离子浓度降低与对照组的差异有显著性（P＜0．01）；暴露组血清IgG,IgA,IgM、补体C3、C4含量降低与对照组有显著性（P＜0．01）。结论：空调环境空气质量下降，作业工人的某些免疫功能有所下降。     

无磷洗衣粉粉尘对工人健康的影响

目的：研究无磷洗衣粉粉尘对工人健康的影响。方法：测定无磷洗衣粉粉尘作业的接触组与对照组工人的肺功能和血清IgM、IgA、IgG、补体C3水平。结果：高浓度无磷洗衣粉粉尘接触组工人慢性咳嗽率、气喘率、胸闷率、皮肤搔氧率高于对照组；长期接触组工人血清IgM、IgA、补体C3含量均高于对照组（P＜0．05）；长期接触组工人肺功能指标（实测值／预计值）FVC、FEV1．0、FEF25％－75％、FEV1．0／FVC％均低于对照组。结论:长期接触无磷洗衣粉粉尘对工人呼吸系统有损伤作用，且可引起机体免疫功能异常。     

肝炎后肝硬化患者检测血清hsCRP与体液免疫的意义

[目的]探讨肝炎后肝硬化患者血中免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgM、IgA）和补体（C3、C4）及血清高敏CRP（hsCRP）的变化。[方法]对2007年1月1日至12月31日到我院住院的76例肝炎后肝硬化患者用免疫比浊法测定血清IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4、hsCRP．同时以50名到我院健康体检者为对照组进行对比分析。[结果]76例肝炎后肝硬化组与对照组比较：IgM、IgG、hsCRP均高于对照组（P〈0．01）,C3和C4低于对照组（P〈0．01、P〈0．05）。IgA高于对照组（P〉0．05）。[结论]血清免疫球蛋白、补体及hsCRP与肝炎后肝硬化有明显的相关性,其检测结果不仅对肝硬化的分期,而且对判断病情、衡量治疗效果和预后的估计都有重要价值。     

精神分裂症患者体液免疫功能测定与分析

目的了解精神分裂症患者的体液免疫功能。方法采用速率免疫散射比浊法测定210例精神分裂症患者血清IgG、IgA、IgM、补体3（C3）、补体4（C4）、总补体活性（CH50）和C反应蛋白（CRP）,与健康对照组50人比较。结果精神分裂症患者IgG、IgA低于正常对照组（前者P〈0．01,后者P〈0．05）;C3、CRP高于正常对照组（前者P〈O．01,后者P〈0．05）;IgM、C4、CH50与对照组比较虽有差异,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论精神分裂症患者存在体液免疫功能混乱。     

手足口病患儿体液免疫检测分析

目的分析手足E1病患儿体液免疫状况。方法测定123例手足口病患儿血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、IsA、IgM）和补体C3、C4水平,以同期45例健康儿童为对照组并比较两组IgG、IgA、kM及补体C3、C4水平。结果与对照组相比,手足口病患儿血清中IgG、IgA水平明显降低（P〈0．1301）。IgM、补体C3、C4水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论手足口病患儿存在体液免疫功能紊乱。     

甲醛对作业工人免疫系统的损伤作用

[目的]探讨甲醛对作业工人免疫系统的影响。[方法]调查分析昆山市存在甲醛职业危害的企业,选择65名甲醛作业工人和非甲醛暴露工人70名为研究对象,采集工人静脉血,经仪器自动分析,测定作业工人血清补体C3、C4及血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM。[结果]18家企业甲醛最高浓度达3.11mg/m3,超标作业点达29.09%。暴露组作业工人血清补体C3（0.99±0.31）、IgM（1.16±0.51）;≥5年组作业工人血清补体C（30.85±0.15）、C4（0.20±0.05）及血清IgA（1.28±0.57）、IgM（0.90±0.35）明显降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。[结论]接触甲醛导致作业工人免疫功能抑制。     

抑郁症患者体液免疫的变化及临床意义

目的 探讨抑郁症患者体液免疫功能的变化及临床意义.方法 采用免疫透射比浊法检测抑郁症患者89例及健康对照者40例的血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、补体3（C3）、补体4（C4）的水平.结果 （1）病例组IgG、IgA和IgM水平明显高于健康对照组（P＜O.05）,病例组C3水平明显低于健康对照组（P＜0.05）;（2）轻度、中度和重度抑郁组的体液免疫功能比较差异无统计学意义（P＞O.05）.结论 抑郁症患者存在体液免疫的功能紊乱.     

谷氨酰胺对肿瘤病人术后营养状况及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺对肿瘤病人术后营养状况及免疫功能的影响。方法 20例胃肠道肿瘤病人术后随机分为常规TPN组（对照组）10例和TPN＋Gln组（研究组）10例，治疗8天，观察血清前白蛋白、血清转铁蛋白、氮平衡变化。并检查其前后外周血IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4的变化。结果 （1）两组病人负氮平衡改善，研究组与对照组比较差异明显（P＜0．01）。两组病人血清蛋白均上升，研究组回升更明显，与对照组比较具有显差异（P＜0．01）。（2）研究组外周血IgG、IgM、IgA明显升高，与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。研究组C3、C4明显升高与对照组比较差异显（P＜0．05）。结论 谷氨酰胺改善了肿瘤术后病人的营养状况，提高了免疫功能。     

印刷厂印刷工人某些体液免疫指标的变化

目的　研究印刷作业对工人体液免疫功能的影响。方法　对某印刷厂 76名暴露于正己烷、混苯 (苯、甲苯、二甲苯 )的工人 (暴露一组 )与 59名暴露于混苯的工人 (暴露二组 )以及 51名不接触任何职业有害因素的工人 (对照组 )进行一般情况调查 ,测定工人血清IgG、IgM、IgA、补体C3、C4 等免疫指标。结果　两暴露组血清IgG、IgM、IgA、补体C3、C4均显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ;而两暴露组间血清免疫指标差异无显著性。结论　正己烷、混苯对印刷工人的某些体液免疫功能有一定的影响     

有机磷农药对生产工人免疫水平影响的研究

目的：观察长期职业接触有机磷农药敌敌畏对生产、包装车间生产人机体免疫水平的影响。方法：对100名有机磷农药生产工人及50名不接触任何毒物的健康者,进行血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA、IgM）含量测定、转化淋巴细胞^3H-TdR参入测定^3H的活度,计算出百分参入率及刺激指数。结果：接触组IgG、IgA与对照组相比明显降低（P＜0．05）,IgM差别不显著。接触组百分参入率、刺激指数显著低于对照组（P＜0．01)。结论：长期接触有机磷逐药的生产工人体液免疫和细胞免疫水平降低。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.