Analysis of a low-pass filter employing a 4-pin capacitor

Capacitors with two or three leads tend to make poor low-pass filters at high frequencies (e.g., >100 MHz) due to the mutual inductance between the input and output sides of the filter. This work proposes a four-lead low-pass filter capacitor design that minimizes the magnetic flux coupling between the input and output. Measurements of a prototype capacitor confirm that it performs significantly better than a typical two-lead capacitor at high frequencies.     

The Design of Evanescent Mode Waveguide Bandpass Filters for a Prescribed Insertion Loss Characteristic

A design theory for evanescent dominant mode waveguide filters is presented. The cutoff guide is represented by its equivalent /spl pi/-section network, the elements of which closely approximate lumped inductances. Resonators may be formed by introducing appropriate capacitive obstacles at suitable intervals along the guide. The filter that results is a microwave analog of lumped inductance filters with series inductance coupling, the magnitude of the series "inductance" being controlled by the separation between capacitive obstacles. The theory derives the equivalent ladder network from the low-pass prototype and is accurate up to at least 20 percent band-widths. Filters may be designed to couple into other cutoff waveguide components using the same basic principles, a propagating guide, and coaxial terminations. The filters are normally constructed in standard production waveguide and are simple and cheap to manufacture. A considerable size and weight reduction, compared with orthodox waveguide filters, is possible at the cost of a small increase in insertion loss.     

New realization of inductances for switched-capacitor filters using voltage inverter switches

This paper describes a new design method of inductance simulation for switched-capacitor (SC) filters based on the VIS-SC concept. The resulting circuits have not only the excellent sensitivity behavior of VIS-SC filters, but also the low sensitivity to the main parasitics occuring in the MOS integrated circuit, i.e., the parasitic capacitances between the bottom plates of the implemented capacitors and substrate. As examples, a sixth-order band-pass and a sixth-order band-stop elliptic filter transformed from a third-order low-pass are given. Experimental results agree very well with theory. A brief analysis is given of certain parasitic effects in band-stop filters at the Nyquist frequency.     

Filters with active tuning for power applications

Filters for switched-mode power converters have traditionally relied on low-pass networks-with corner frequencies well below the ripple fundamental-to attenuate switching harmonics over a range of frequencies. The filters explored in this report provide extra attenuation at discrete frequencies, easing the filtering requirement of accompanying low-pass networks. When a converter's switching frequency is tuned to a filter resonance using a novel phase-lock control scheme, a resonant filter can match the ripple-attenuation performance of a low-pass network for less volume, weight, and expense. The design and application of resonant filters and active-tuning control are discussed, and experimental results from the input filter and power stage of a prototype DC-DC converter are presented.     

巴特沃斯数字陷波滤波器的设计

随着数字技术的发展,数字滤波器在许多领域得到广泛的应用。研究一种在Matlab语言环境下设计IIR数字陷波滤波器的方法,在数字陷波滤波器设计过程中,先进行模拟低通滤波器的设计,然后进行模拟低通/模拟带阻滤波器转换,最后采用双线性变化法将模拟陷波滤波器转化成数字陷波滤波器。提出一种用所有零点和极点来表达数字陷波器传递函数的方法,同时给出以巴特沃斯模拟低通为原型设计数字陷波滤波器的程序。     

Coupled-Magnetic Filters With Adaptive Inductance Cancellation

Conventional filter circuits suffer from a number of limitations, including performance degradation due to capacitor parasitic inductance and the size and cost of magnetic elements. Coupled-magnetic filters have been developed that provide increased filter order with a single magnetic component, but also suffer from parasitic inductance in the filter shunt path due to imperfectly-controlled coupling of the magnetics. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to coupled-magnetic filters that overcomes these limitations. Filter sensitivity to variations in coupling is overcome by adaptively tuning the magnetic circuit for minimum rms ripple performance with feedback based on the sensed filter output ripple. This active control enables much greater robustness to manufacturing and environmental variations than is possible in the conventional "zero-ripple" coupled-magnetic approach, while preserving its advantages. Moreover, the proposed technique also adaptively cancels the deleterious effects of capacitor parasitic inductance, thereby providing much higher filter performance than is achievable in conventional designs. The new technique is experimentally demonstrated in a dc-dc power converter application and is shown to provide high performance     

瞬态过电压抑制技术的研究

从压敏电阻与滤波电容、电感组合着手,进行理论分析,得出当压敏电阻与电感结合时,能使限制电压得到衰减,进而提出压敏电阻与T型低通滤波器相结合,在合适的参数配合下,能使瞬态过电压得到削弱.给出了在混合波模拟的雷电浪涌情况下,随电容变化和随电感变化的压敏电压和输出电压波形,同时指出针对实际情况,可以对低通滤波电路进行改进.     

Filters with inductance cancellation using printed circuit board transformers

Capacitor parasitic inductance often limits the high-frequency performance of filters for power applications. However, these limitations can be overcome through the use of specially-coupled magnetic windings that effectively ify the capacitor parasitic inductance. This paper explores the use of printed circuit board (PCB) transformers to realize parasitic inductance cancellation of filter capacitors. Design of such inductance cancellation transformers is explored, and applicable design rules are established and experimentally validated. The high performance of the proposed inductance cancellation technology is demonstrated in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter design.     

Relationship between Kalman and notch filters used in dynamic ship positioning systems

In dynamic ship positioning systems notch filters have been used mainly to remove the unwanted wave motion signals. Recently, Kalman filters have been introduced for this purpose. It is demonstrated that for this application the stationary Kalman filter is approximated by a notch filter together with a low-pass filter in cascade.     

A precision low-power PCM channel filter with on-chip power supply regulation

A single chip PCM channel filter with improved overall performance characteristics is described. The most important characteristics are power dissipation, idle channel noise, and power supply rejection. The filter described uses switched capacitor techniques and contains two fifth-order low-pass filters, a 50/60 Hz rejection filter, internal anti-alias filters, and a 600 ohm line driver. The filter is implemented in a two layer NMOS silicon gate technology. Experimental results are presented.     

Log-domain high-order low-pass and band-pass filters

Continuous time current-mode high-order low-pass and band-pass filters based on the log-domain concept are presented in this paper. The passive RLC ladder networks are used as the prototype to achieve the proposed filter by simulating the RLC network synthesis method. The achieved filters have inherited the good sensitivity performance from the RLC passive prototype. Fifth-order RLC ladder low-pass filter and sixth-order RLC ladder band-pass filter are used as prototypes and the signal flow graph (SFG) technique is used for the synthesis. The SFG can identify group of integrators and several signal paths. Log-domain lossy and lossless integrators based on BJT technology are deployed to achieve the integrators for realization of proposed filters. The simulations were carried out and the results exhibited several features which are in agreement with the RLC prototype. The frequency response of filters along 100 kHz to 10 MHz can be electronically tuned through 5–500 µA of bias currents. The THD lower than 1% of LP and BP filters were measured at 10 MHz input. The multi-tone tested was included in the paper for verifying the performance of proposed LP and BP filters. The intermodulation distortions around −50 dB and −60 dB were also investigated for the proposed LP and BP filters.     

一种新型椭圆低通滤波器的设计与实现

针对现有椭圆滤波器多采用查对曲线方法设计电路参数导致的滤波性能不佳,调试困难等问题[1],设计了一种新型椭圆低通滤波器.该滤波器采用高电位和地之间嫁接复电抗的方法设计电路,按照基于四端网络的分析方法获得滤波电路的传递函数.具有设计方法简单,调试方便,电路参数精确,电路稳定可靠,截止频率易于调节,并能获得较高的滤波技术指标的特点.实际应用结果表明,滤波器滤波效果较好,满足设计要求.     

The design and operation of practical charge-transfer transversal filters

Some of the design considerations for charge-transfer split-electrode transversal filters are discussed. Clock frequency, filter length, and chip area are important design parameters. The relationship of these parameters to filter performance and accuracy is described. Both random and tap weight quantization errors are considered, and the optimum filter length is related to tap weight error. A parallel charge-transfer channel, which balances both capacitance and background charge, and a coupling diffusion between split electrodes greatly improves accuracy. A one-phase clock is used to simplify the readout circuitry. Two off-chip readout circuits are described, and the performance of two low-pass filters using these readout circuits is given. Signal to noise ratios of 90 dB/kHz and an overall linearity of 60 dB have been achieved with this readout circuitry.     

Voltage mode universal filters employing single FDCCII

In this paper, four new voltage-mode universal biquad filters configuration are proposed. First of two circuits proposed high-input impedance universal filter with single-input and three-outputs, which can simultaneously realize voltage mode low-pass, band-pass and high-pass filter responses employing all grounded passive components. The third proposed universal filter three-input and single-output, which also can realize all the standard filter functions. The fourth circuit proposed universal filter with three-input and five-outputs, which can be used as either a three-inputs single-output or a two-inputs five-outputs universal filters. It can realize all five different generic filtering signals: low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis. The proposed biquad filters are simulated using TSMC CMOS 0.35 μm technology.     

基于总体变差模型的数字滤波器设计及其性能研究

根据经典总体变差恢复模型,设计了一种新型的应用于图像去噪的数字TV滤波器的一种算法。该新型滤波器是绝对稳定的低通滤波器,在抑制噪声的同时能够很好的保留图像的细节信息。与一般的统计滤波器不同,该滤波器充分利用了局部数据的梯度信息精确计算滤波器系数,滤波过程是图像自适应的。文中直接给出了新型滤波器固定的模板形式,使滤波过程简单易行。最后将新型滤波器与中值滤波器、均值滤波器、高斯滤波器等进行性能比较,效果更好。     

Inductor-less, capacitor-less state-variable electrothermal filters

Electrothermal circuits (ETC) exploit interactions between thermal and electronic properties of devices in an integrated circuit to perform useful electronic functions. An ETC integrator is described which can be used as a building block for state-variable filters. Circuits are given which perform the coefficient-setting function for such filters. Measured data are given for low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and notch state-variable ETC filters; these filters use only transistors and resistors. For the chip size used, the maximum frequency of the filters is of the order of 200 Hz; an order of magnitude increase is possible with reduced chip size. Methods are described for making filter performance independent of ambient temperature.     

电压模式n阶CFA低通滤波器的设计

提出了一种仅用电流反馈放大器(current feedback amplifier,CFA)实现的高阶电压模式低通滤波器,给出了系统的设计公式.给出了4阶Butterworth低通滤波器应用示例,经Pspice仿真分析,结果表明,所提出的设计方法可行.该设计方法具有电路结构简单、元器件数目少等优点.     

The design and operation of practical charge-transfer transversal filters

Some of the design considerations for charge-transfer split-electrode transversal filters are discussed. Clock frequency, filter length, and chip area are important design parameters. The relationship of these parameters to filter performance and accuracy is described. Both random and tap weight quantization errors are considered, and the optimum filter length is related to tap weight error. A parallel charge-transfer channel, which balances both capacitance and background charge, and a coupling diffusion between split electrodes greatly improves accuracy. A one-phase clock is used to simplify the readout circuitry. Two off-chip readout circuits are described, and the performance of two low-pass filters using these readout circuits is given. Signal to noise ratios of 90 dB/kHz and an overall linearity of 60 dB have been achieved with this readout circuitry.     

平面耦合EMI滤波器电容和电感的确定

EMI滤波器是抑制传导电磁干扰的重要手段,但分立元件型滤波器由于其自身的缺点性能受到限制,而平面耦合型滤波器能够很好改善传统分立元件型EMI滤波器的缺点。在介绍平面耦合型滤波器结构的基础上,指出电感和电容参数是该类滤波器的最重要技术参数。通过对滤波器元件数值计算模型的建立和论证,说明共模和差模电容可以通过解析表达式计算;差模电感,即共模模块形成的漏感也可以采用解析表达式确定。但是,各线匝的电感由于与频率密切相关,无法采用对应的解析表达式确定。     

低电压全BJT高阶对数滤波器设计

提出了一种1.2 V低电源电压全BJT任意阶低通对数滤波器的设计方法.该方法是由传输函数直接设计低通对数域滤波器,得到最优的BJT跨导线性单元和滤波器系统状态空间后,利用最优状态空间描述滤波器系统,对微分方程中的每一项,使用最优BJT跨导线性单元设计其对应的电路,进行组合,从而得到低通对数滤波器,实现了不同阶数、不同纹波的切比雪夫低通滤波器,理论分析和Pspice实例仿真表明,该方法能最优地实现所需电路的设计,具有电路简洁和低电压的特点.