氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷的性能研究

氧化铝陶瓷因其优良的力学性能、电性能、化学稳定性,是目前应用广泛的一种陶瓷材料。文章中先通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出不同摩尔Al/Zr的无定形Zr O2-Al2O3复合粉体。然后,利用SPS烧结技术快速制备复合陶瓷。通过不同烧结温度的探索发现,在升温速率为100℃/min和压力为80 MPa情况下,烧结温度为1600℃,摩尔比Al/Zr=20时,得到致密的复合陶瓷,且力学性能最好,其中维氏硬度为18.6 GPa,断裂韧性为7.6 MPa·m1/2,断裂韧性相对于纯氧化铝陶瓷有了大幅的提升。     

3YPSZ-Al2O3-Co3O4陶瓷力学性能的研究

为了提高3YPSZ陶瓷的强度和韧性,先研究了Al2O3的加入量对3YPSZ陶瓷力学性能的影响,结果表明,当Al2O3含量为25wt%时,3YPSZ陶瓷综合力学性能最佳,抗弯强度为582.4MPa,维氏硬度15.4GPa,断裂韧性为6.6MPa.m1/2。再将Al2O3的含量控制在25wt%,通过改变Co(NO3)2.6H2O添加剂的含量来研究3YPSZ-25wt%Al2O3陶瓷材料力学性能的变化,研究发现,当Co3O4的引入量为0.25wt%时,3YPSZ-25wt%Al2O3陶瓷材料综合力学性能最佳,抗弯强度为623.5MPa,维氏硬度为16.9GPa,断裂韧性为7.2MPa.m1/2。并利用XRD和SEM等表征方法分析了Co(NO3)2.6H2O添加剂对材料力学性能和显微组织结构的影响。     

多孔氧化铝陶瓷的制备、表征及性能研究

以蔗糖溶液为低温介质，采用冷冻干燥法和退火工艺制备多孔Al2O3陶瓷。研究了烧结温度和退火时间对多孔陶瓷孔隙结构、开孔率和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着烧结温度的升高，试样的线性烧成收缩率有明显的升高，开孔率和维氏硬度先缓慢降低，当烧结温度为1600℃时迅速下降。平均晶粒尺寸是影响甚至决定多孔氧化铝陶瓷维氏硬度的主要原因。随着退火时间的延长，多孔陶瓷的孔径显著增大，多孔陶瓷开孔率范围为40.35%～64.58%，退火处理后的孔隙率比未退火处理提高了60.05%。多孔陶瓷的抗压强度随退火时间的延长而降低，而在最长的24h退火时间后，多孔陶瓷的抗压强度仍能达到25.9MPa，可以满足许多应用领域的强度要求。可以通过调节退火时间来控制多孔陶瓷的孔隙结构、开孔率和抗压强度。     

两步烧结对SiC/纳米SiB6复合陶瓷性能的影响

以纳米SiB6颗粒为增强相,YAG为烧结助剂,采用无压液相烧结技术制备了SiC/纳米SiB6复合陶瓷,主要研究两步烧结对复合陶瓷烧结特性和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,两步烧结对复合陶瓷的烧结性能和力学性能有一定的影响。第一步烧结温度由1850℃升至1900℃,SiC/纳米SiB6复合陶瓷的收缩率、失重率和相对密度增加,抗弯强度和维氏硬度整体下降;而第二步烧结温度由1850℃升高到1900℃,复合陶瓷失重率增加,收缩率和相对密度下降,抗弯强度和维氏硬度均有所提高。     

稀土助剂Gd2O3对W/Al2O3复合陶瓷烧结性能、力学性能和屏蔽性能的影响

以微米钨粉和α-Al2O3粉为基体,Gd2O3-MgO-SiO2为改性剂,采用常压烧结方式制备了W/Al2O3屏蔽复合陶瓷,并研究了Gd2O3含量及烧结温度对复合陶瓷烧结性能、微观结构、力学性能和屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明:烧结温度为1550℃,引入1.5wt％的Gd2O3可明显提高陶瓷的致密化程度,其力学强度高达276.44 MPa,较未改性陶瓷提高了38％.并且该陶瓷对y射线有优异的屏蔽性能,半衰减厚度值仅为1.49 cm.     

纳米氧化锆对MF/Al2O3复合材料力学性能的影响

采用正交设计方法研究了莫来石纤维（MF）,纳米氧化锆,烧结温度及保温时间对MF／Al2O3复合材料力学性能的影响机制。结果表明：MF对复合材料抗弯强度的影响最大,同时也影响材料的断裂韧性,烧成温度对体积密度影响最大,纳米ZrO2对材料维氏硬度的影响最大,所以通过控制MF和纳米ZrO2粉的含量和烧结温度,可以改善复合材料显微结构,提高材料的力学性能。     

真空热压烧结纳米氮化铝陶瓷的研究

在1500℃、1600℃和1700℃的烧结温度真空热压烧结出以MoSi2为助剂的纳米AlN陶瓷。XRD、SEM、力学性能检测等测试结果表明：制备出的氮化铝陶瓷晶粒细小（100nm左右）,结构均匀,致密度较高、弹性模量和维氏硬度都明显低于纯AlN陶瓷。     

MgO-TiO_2-La_2O_3系氧化铝陶瓷的力学性能及物相分析

采用MgO-TiO2-La2O3为烧结助剂,利用低温烧结技术制备95氧化铝瓷。研究了烧成温度和助剂含量对氧化铝陶瓷力学性能及物相组成的影响。结果表明:在MgO含量为1.5wt%,TiO2为1.0wt%,La2O3为2.5wt%,1500℃保温2h可得到抗弯强度和硬度分别为348.94MPa和79.6HRA的氧化铝陶瓷。     

纳米SiC增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料的制备、表征及力学性能研究

以SiC和Si微米粉为添加剂,采用无压烧结工艺制备了纳米SiC增韧的Al2O3陶瓷复合材料,探讨了SiC含量、烧结气氛和烧结温度对复合材料的烧成收缩率、微观形貌、抗弯强度、维氏硬度及断裂韧性的影响。结果显示：SiC的添加使复合材料的烧成收缩率下降,惰性气氛下复合材料的收缩率要大于氧化气氛和还原气氛时的收缩率。在氧化性气氛下烧结时,当SiC添加量为4%时,复合陶瓷的体积密度为3.80 g·cm^-3,抗弯强度、断裂韧性及维氏硬度均达到最大值,分别为480 MPa、5.12 MPa·m1/2、16.2 GPa。添加SiC后所得复合材料的基体颗粒为椭圆状,粒径为2μm左右,颗粒与颗粒之间结合紧密,颗粒形状的改变可能是因为烧结机理发生变化所致。纳米SiC颗粒位于晶界处,形成了由Al2O3-SiC-Al2O3搭桥联结的晶界,提高了晶界强度,导致裂纹只能在晶内传播。     

烧结助剂对多孔氮化硅陶瓷的力学性能及介电性能的影响

通过添加烧结助剂,采用常压烧结工艺制备出不同气孔率(19%～54%)的氮化硅陶瓷.采用Archimedes法、三点弯曲法和Vickers硬度测试法测量了材料的密度、气孔率、抗弯强度及硬度.用X射线衍射及扫描电镜检测了相组成和显微结构.用谐振腔法测试了氮化硅陶瓷在10.2 GHz的介电特性.结果表明:材料具有优良的介电性能.随着烧结助剂的减少,样品中气孔率增加,力学性能有所下降,介电常数和介电损耗降低.添加Lu2O3所制备的氮化硅陶瓷的力学性能和介电性能优于添加Eu2O3或Y2O3制备的氮化硅陶瓷.当气孔率高于50%时,多孔氮化硅陶瓷(添加入5%的Y2O3或Lu2O3,或Eu2O3,质量分数)的抗弯强度可达170 MPa,介电常数为3.0～3.2,介电损耗为0.000 6～0.002.     

冰刀用高强韧Si3N4陶瓷的制备与性能研究

以α-Si₃N₄粉为原料,MgO-La₂O₃-Lu₂O₃为三元复合烧结助剂,采用气压烧结工艺制备Si₃N₄陶瓷条,研究烧结助剂及添加β-Si₃N₄增强相对Si₃N₄陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,三元复合烧结助剂促进了烧结的致密化,提高了材料的力学性能,在最高烧结温度1 750 ℃、复合烧结助剂添加量8%(质量分数)时,得到密度为3.172 8 g/cm³、维氏硬度达到15.85 GPa、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为9.69 MPa·m^1/2和1 029 MPa的冰刀用Si₃N₄陶瓷。添加β-Si₃N₄材料的断裂韧性得到提高,最高达到10.33 MPa·m^1/2。Si₃N₄陶瓷本身的高硬度与加入的稀土氧化物使得所制备冰刀的硬度与润滑性能得到提高,表面性能优良。     

无压烧结氮化硅陶瓷的物理性能研究

以α-Si₃N₄粉末为原料,Y₂O₃和MgAl₂O₄体系为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结方式,研究了烧结温度、保温时间、烧结助剂含量以及各组分配比对氮化硅致密化及力学性能的影响。结果表明:以Y₂O₃和MgAl₂O₄为烧结助剂体系,氮化硅陶瓷在烧结温度为1 600 ℃,保温时间为4 h,烧结助剂含量为12.5%(质量分数),Y₂O₃和MgAl₂O₄质量比为1∶1时,综合性能最好;氮化硅陶瓷显气孔率为0.21%,相对密度为98.10%,抗弯强度为598 MPa,维氏硬度为15.55 GPa。     

Hot isostatic pressing of SiC/Si3N4 composite with rare earth oxide additions

SiC/Si₃N₄ composites with rare earth oxide additions have been prepared by glass encapsulated hot isostatic pressing at 1850 °C and 200 MPa pressure. Mechanical properties and microstructures of the sintered samples have been studied. It is shown that different molar ratios of La₂O₃ to Y₂O₃ and the total amount of La₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ additions can affect the mechanical properties significantly. With 3 wt% La₂O₃ + Y₂O₃ additions, lower La₂O₃/Y₂O₃ molar ratio exhibits higher bending strength and median fracture toughness, but relatively lower Vickers hardness. For addition of 6 wt% La₂O₃ + Y₂O₃, the higher bending strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness correspond to a certain La₂O₃/Y₂O₃ molar ratio of 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. SEM observation shows that the SiC matrix composite with fine grain size and homogeneous microstructure can be obtained.     

金属离子和柠檬酸的配比对Y2O3-MgO纳米粉体及其纳米复相陶瓷性能的影响

纳米粉体的团聚程度影响纳米复相陶瓷的微观结构,进而影响其光学与力学性能。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法合成Y₂O₃-MgO纳米粉体,结合热压烧结(HP)技术制备出光学及力学性能优异的Y₂O₃-MgO复相陶瓷。研究了前驱体中金属离子与柠檬酸的摩尔比(m/c)对纳米粉体团聚程度及复相陶瓷显微结构、光学及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,当金属离子和柠檬酸摩尔比为0.75时,粉体团聚程度最低,该粉体经过热压烧结后制备出的Y₂O₃-MgO陶瓷具有均匀的相域,晶粒尺寸约为140 nm,3~6 μm波段的透过率达到80%,维氏硬度及断裂韧性分别为10.90 GPa、2.21 MPa·m^-1/2,抗弯强度为226 MPa。     

钨添加对Si3N4陶瓷力学性能的影响及强韧化机理研究

为了增韧Si₃N₄基陶瓷材料,以钨(W)作为第二相材料,Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃作为烧结助剂,采用气压烧结法制备了W/Si₃N₄复合陶瓷材料。研究了W含量对W/Si₃N₄复合陶瓷材料致密性、力学性能以及结构的影响。结果表明:在W含量小于5%(质量分数)时,样品致密度均达97%以上;在W含量为5%(质量分数)时,获得的W/Si₃N₄复合陶瓷材料综合性能最佳,弯曲强度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为(670.28±40.00) MPa、(16.42±0.22) GPa和(8.04±0.16) MPa·m^1/2,相比于未添加金属W的Si₃N₄陶瓷材料分别提高了38.08%、13.08%和44.34%;通过分析W/Si₃N₄复合陶瓷材料样品抛光面和压痕裂纹的微观结构,发现W的引入能促使裂纹在扩展路径上更易发生偏转、分叉等增韧机制,消耗裂纹扩展能量,从而改善Si₃N₄陶瓷的断裂韧性。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of gas pressure sintered Al2O3/TiCN composite

Al₂O₃–30 wt.%TiCN composites have been fabricated successfully by a two-stage gas pressure sintering schedule. The gas pressure sintered Al₂O₃–30 wt.%TiCN composite achieved a relative density of 99.5%, a bending strength of 772 MPa, a hardness of 19.6 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 5.82 MPa m^1/2. The fabrication procedure involves solid state sintering of two phases without solubility to prepare Al₂O₃–TiCN composite. Little grain growth occurred for TiCN during sintering while Al₂O₃ grains grew about three times to an average size of 3–5 μm. The interface microstress arising during cooling from the processing temperature because of the thermal and/or mechanical properties mismatch between the Al₂O₃ and TiCN phase is about 50 MPa. Such a compressive microstress is not high enough to cause grain boundary cracking that may weaken the composite but it can introduce dislocations within grains, which is very good to enhance the composite properties.     

In situ synthesis,mechanical properties,and microstructure of reactively hot pressed WB4 ceramic with Ni as a sintering additive

In this study, tungsten tetraboride (WB₄) ceramics were synthesized in situ from powder mixtures of W and amorphous B with Ni as a sintering aid by reactive hot pressing method. The as-synthesized ceramics exhibited porosity as low as 0.375% and ultra-high Vickers hardness (H_v), as much as 49.808?±?1.683?GPa (for the low load of 0.49?N). It was seen that the addition of Ni greatly improved the sinterability of WB₄ ceramic. Besides, the flexural strength and fracture toughness of WB₄ ceramic were measured for the first time to be 332.857?±?36.763?MPa and 4.136?±?0.259?MPa?m^1/2, respectively, suggesting that the ceramic has good mechanical properties. The effects of sintering temperature and holding time on the densification, Vickers hardness, and mechanical properties of WB₄ ceramics were also investigated systematically as part of our study. The results indicated that increasing the sintering temperature can obviously improve the densification and mechanical properties of the ceramics. The bulk density and Vickers hardness of WB₄ ceramic sintered at 1650?°C for 60?min under 30?MPa revealed the highest values of 6.366?g?cm^?3 and 27.948?±?0.686?GPa (for the high load of 9.8?N), respectively. The flexural strength increased to the highest value of 332.857?±?36.763?MPa for sintering temperature up to 1550?°C, but decreased slightly as the sintering temperature further increased to 1650?°C. On the other hand, the fracture toughness increased gradually with increasing temperature. It was also found that Vickers hardness showed a similar trend as the densification of the samples with increasing temperature and holding time. Besides, no obvious improvements in the densification, mechanical properties, and Vickers hardness of the samples with sintering time were observed in this study. The microstructure and fracture behaviours of the as-synthesized WB₄ ceramic were also revealed, and the toughening mechanism has been discussed.     

Gas pressure sintering of Al2O3/TiCN composite

Al₂O₃/TiCN composites have been fabricated by gas pressure sintering, which overcomes the limitations of hot pressing. The densification behavior and mechanical properties of the Al₂O₃ gas pressure sintered with 30 wt.% TiCN at different temperatures have been investigated. The gas pressure sintered Al₂O₃–30 wt.%TiCN composite achieved a relative density of 99.5%, a bending strength of 772 MPa, a hardness of 19.6 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 5.82 MPa·M^1/2.     

Reinforcement of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramic by Addition of Ti3SiC2

Ti₃SiC₂/HAp composites with different Ti₃SiC₂ volume fractions were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1200°C. The effects of Ti₃SiC₂ addition on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the composites were investigated. The bending strength and fracture toughness of the composites increased with increasing of Ti₃SiC₂ content, whereas the Vickers hardness decreased. The bending strength and fracture toughness reached 252±10 MPa and 3.9±0.1 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, with the addition of 50 vol% Ti₃SiC₂. The increases in the mechanical properties were attributed to the matrix strengthening and interactions between cracks and the Ti₃SiC₂ platelets.     

Properties of ZrB2–SiC Ceramics by Pressureless Sintering

Pressureless sintering was used to densify ZrB₂–SiC ultra-high temperature ceramics. The physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and high temperature properties were investigated. This comprehensive set of properties was measured for ZrB₂ containing 20 vol% SiC in which B₄C and C were used as the sintering aids. The three-point flexural strength was 361±44 MPa and the elastic modulus was 374±25 GPa. The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were 14.7±0.2 GPa and 4.0±0.5 MPa·m^1/2 respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies of the microstructure of ZrB₂–SiC showed that SiC particles were distributed homogenously in the ZrB₂ matrix with little residual porosity.