醚菌酯的气相色谱分析方法

介绍了醚菌酯原药样品的气相色谱定量分析方法，选用HP-5石英毛细管柱，以磷酸三苯酯为内标物，进样口和检测器温度均为250℃，柱温为230C，对醚菌酯原药进行测定。该方法的变异系数为0．149％，回收率为98．12％～101．45％，线性相关系数r=1．000。     

3-溴-4-氟苯甲醛的气相色谱分析方法

采用气相色谱法，氢火焰离子化检测器，选用3％OV-17填充柱，正十三烷为内标，气化室和检测器温度为180℃，柱温120℃，对3-溴-4-氟苯甲醛进行定量测定。该方法简单、快速、准确、适用，标准偏差0．26％、变异系数0．27％、平均回收率100.1％．     

3-甲基-4-硝基苯酚的气相色谱分析

采用气相色谱法，以丙体六六六为内标物，用内填充SE-54固定相的不锈钢色谱柱，柱温为190℃对3-甲基-4-硝基苯酚进行定量分析。试验证明：3-甲基-4-硝基苯酚平均回收率为100．2％，变异系数为0．35％。     

苯甲酰甲酸甲酯气相色谱法的分析研究

用5％OV－17，长度为2m的不锈钢填充柱，以邻氯硝基苯为内标物，在150℃柱温下，用FID检测器对苯甲酰甲酸甲酯进行定量分析。该方法变异系数为0．21％，平均回收率100．22％，线性相关系数为0．99995。     

乙酰吗啉的气相色谱分析

采用气相色谱法，柱填充物为3％OV-225，涂渍在Chromosorb W AW DMCS（180～250μm）上，柱温210℃，气化室温280℃，检测室温280℃，内标物为邻苯二甲酸二环己酯，用内标法对乙酰吗啉有效成分进行分离和检验。方法标准偏差≤0．11，变异系数〈0.55，平均回收率为100.46％。     

0.8%四氟菊酯驱蚊药液的毛细管柱气相色谱分析

描述了用毛细管气相色谱对0．8%四氟菊酯驱蚊药液的定量分析方法。样品溶于含内标物邻苯二甲酸二正戊酯的异丙醇中，用DB-1毛细管分离并用带有火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱测定四氟菊酯。气化室温度：230℃；检测器温度：300℃；柱箱温度：起始温度100℃；升温速率15℃／min；终止温度28℃，保持时间10min。方法的变异系数为6．4%，回收率在92%～108%之间。     

3-溴-4-氟苯甲醛的气相色谱分析方法

采用气相色谱法,氢火焰离子化检测器,选用3％OV-17填充柱,正十三烷为内标,气化室和检测器温度为180℃．柱温120℃,对3-溴-4-氟苯甲醛进行定量测定。标准偏差0．26％、变异系数0．27％、平均回收率100．1％。     

仲丁灵的气相色谱法测定

叙述了采用气相色谱法即用5％OV．101／Chromosorb W AW DMCS（154．180μm）的玻璃填充柱，以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物，在进样口温度240℃、检测器温度220℃、柱温200℃和载气（氮气）流速30mL／min的色谱条件下进行分离，用氢火焰离子化检测器对仲丁灵进行定量分析。该分析方法的标准偏差为O．3137，变异系数为0．3468％，平均回收率为99．67％，线性相关系数为0．9997。     

氟吗啉水分散片剂高效液相色谱分析方法

采用高效液相色谱法外标法定量分析氟吗啉水分散片剂。该方法以甲醇＋水（50＋50）作为流动相，流速为0．5ml／min，C18反相色谱柱，柱温为25℃，检测波长为230nm。本方法的回收率大于99％，变异系数小于0．3％。     

毛细管气相色谱法定量分析氟硅唑

采用HP-5石英毛细管色谱柱和FID检测器,以邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为内标物,在适宜的色谱条件下对40％氟硅唑乳油进行定量分析。色谱条件为柱箱采用程序升温,180℃保持0．5min,以25℃／min速率升至240℃,保持4min;进样口温度250℃。检测器温度250℃,气体流速为载气（N2）3ml／min,燃气（H2）30ml／min,助燃气（Air）300ml／min,分流比60：1．本方法的变异系数、平均回收率、标准偏差分别为0．16％、99．70％、0．064％,线性相关系数为0．9999。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.