陈皮中农药残留分析及风险评估研究

通过分析中药陈皮的农药残留问题开展风险评估研究。采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)和高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)对198批陈皮中的117种农药进行检测;采用点评估方式计算陈皮中农药残留的急性和慢性摄入风险;采用英国兽药残留委员会提出的兽药残留风险排序矩阵计算各农药的风险得分;采用危害指数(HI)法计算有机磷农药的慢性累积风险。198批陈皮中共检出30种农药(含13种禁用农药),总检出率为98.5%,农药检出量为0.001~11.7 mg/kg。检出农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)为0.003%~3.142%,急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)为0.022%~26.667%,风险均远低于100%,表明陈皮中农药的膳食暴露风险处于较低水平。6种有机磷农药的慢性累积暴露危害指数为0.942,略小于1,表明风险虽可控但需要关注。风险排序结果表明,陈皮中有16种为中高风险农药,应在生产和安全监管中重点关注。     

己·福水分散粒剂质量检测方法研究

采用高效液相色谱法对己.福水分散粒剂的分析方法进行研究,色谱条件为:流动相V(甲醇)∶V(水)=75∶25,流速0.8 mL/min,保留时间在0~10min,检测波长为320 nm,10~20 min检测波长为223 nm。测定方法中己唑醇和福美双的回收率分别为98.6%~100.2%和98.6%~100.5%,相对标准偏差分别为0.53%和0.57%;悬浮率的测定方法中己唑醇、福美双的回收率分别为97.3%~99.5%、97.2%~99.7%,相对标准偏差分别为1.11%、1.46%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定广陈皮药材中的11种化学成分

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定了广陈皮药材中5-羟甲基糠醛、维采宁-2、橙皮苷、橙皮素、异甜橙黄酮、甜橙黄酮、异黄芩配基甲醚、川陈皮素、3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮、橘皮素及5-去甲川陈皮素11种化学成分的含量。样品经50%(v/v)甲醇于70 ℃回流提取。在优化的色谱条件(Hanbon Benatach C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)为分离柱,乙腈和0.2%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温25 ℃,检测波长280 nm)下,提取液中的各成分分离良好,在选定的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r>0.998),定量限(S/N=10)为0.0502~4.99 mg/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.0125~1.25 mg/L,平均加标回收率(n=3)为96.4%~102.4%,相对标准偏差为0.25%~4.01%。该方法准确性高、重复性好,可用于广陈皮的质量控制。     

水体中甲硫嘧磺隆残留量的高效液相色谱法检测

采用Kromasil C18不锈钢柱(250mm×4.6mm i.d.,5μm),以V(甲醇)∶V(水)=70∶30混合溶剂为流动相(pH用H3PO4调至3.0),流速1.0mL/min,检测波长236nm和柱温35℃,建立了不同水体中甲硫嘧磺隆残留的样品处理方法和高效液相色谱分析方法。甲硫嘧磺隆在0.25~10mg/L范围内,其峰面积(Y)与质量浓度(ρ)呈现良好的相关性,其线性回归方程为Y=4425.9ρ 5664.8,R2=0.9997。在纯净水、池塘水、河水、稻田水A和稻田水B中,甲硫嘧磺隆5个添加浓度水平的平均回收率分别为92.80%~101.53%、92.54%~103.10%%、94.11%~97.57%、92.91%~101.25%和84.94%~92.53%,RSD分别为0.43%~4.1%、0.85%~6.5%、0.37%~7.0%、0.56%~7.7%和1.4%~4.7%,检出限(LOD)为1.50×10-9g(S/N=3)。可用于环境水样中甲硫嘧磺隆的残留量检测。     

非抑制离子色谱法测定塑料食品接触材料中五种醇胺迁移量

建立了非抑制离子色谱法同时测定塑料食品接触材料中一乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)、三异丙醇胺(TIPA)、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺(DEAE)等5种醇胺类物质迁移量的方法。方法选用水、3%(m/V)乙酸、4%(V/V)乙酸、10%(V/V)乙醇、20%(V/V)乙醇、50%(V/V)乙醇、橄榄油、正己烷等8种物质作为食品模拟物,满足水性、酸性、醇类与脂类食品的模拟。在优化条件下,目标物检出限在0.03~2 mg/kg之间(S/N=3),加标回收率在84.1%~118.6%,精密度在0.92%~4.1%(n=6)之间。     

液相色谱电化学安培检测乳粉中的脂溶性维生素A, E和D3

利用维生素A、D3、E均有电化学活性的特点,采用电化学安培检测,建立了HPLC检测奶粉中的脂溶性维生素A、D3、E的新方法.流动相为甲醇∶水=95∶5(V/V),含0.05 mol/L高氯酸钠.检测器采用玻碳电极,直流安培模式(DC),氧化电位 1.3 V.方法检测限为:VA、VD3、-αVE、-γVE、-δVE分别为0.08、2.3、0.16、0.19、0.28ng.回收率分别为:90.2%~98.2%、91.2%~103%、92.7%~99.5%、92.6%~97.4%、90.7%~98.0%.同紫外检测比较,方法具有灵敏度高、抗干扰强的特点.     

土壤中多种有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中12种有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留分析方法。以丙酮-石油醚(4∶1,V/V)为提取剂,采用超声波提取土壤中农药残留,经弗罗里土层析柱净化,气相色谱-质谱(选择离子模式)法同时测定了土壤中多种有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药。该法对0.1μg/mL和0.5μg/mL两个浓度添加水平的回收率分别为70.1%~119.0%和78.1%~119.1%,相对标准偏差分别为6.30%~9.80%和5.20%~8.23%。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定桃中稀土元素及其分布

以市场销售的桃为实验材料,利用微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定桃中稀土元素的含量。样品经过硝酸-氢氟酸-双氧水微波消解,实现了桃中16种稀土元素的测定。各元素的检出限在0.004~0.020μg·g-1之间,方法精密度在0.78%~2.96%,回收率在95.0%~106.0%之间。比较了稀土元素在果皮和果肉中的分布。结果表明,稀土元素在果皮中的含量明显高于果肉。本法快速、准确,可用于桃等水果中稀土元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定TB6钛合金中的Al和V

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法快速测定TB6钛合金中Al、V的方法。对试样溶解酸浓度、元素分析谱线的选择、样品基体与待测元素间的干扰等因素进行了研究。结果表明,Al、V元素的加标回收率分别为97.5%~100%、98.4%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.2%、0.45%,可用于TB6钛合金中Al、V含量的实际测定。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定干果果肉中56种农药残留

针对干果果肉基质含水量低、含糖量较高等特点,建立了改进的分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定干果果肉培育过程中可能使用的56种农药残留量。样品经水浸润,以0.1%甲酸-乙腈提取,改进的分散固相萃取法(PSA)净化,液相色谱-质谱/质谱法检测,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。56种农药在10~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.990,在5,10和50μg/kg添加水平下56种农药回收率范围为60.4%~127.9%;相对标准偏差在1.1%~20%(n=6)之间;检出限和定量限分别为0.1~1.0μg/kg和0.3~3.1μg/kg。方法适合于干果果肉中56种农残检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.