羟基磷灰石对153Sm-HEDTMP的吸附性能研究

研究了各种因素对153Sm-HEDTMP（羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸）在羟基磷灰石（HA）上吸附的影响，结果表明，室温下153Sm-HEDTMP在HA上吸附20min即可达到平衡，温度对吸附量影响不明显。过量配体会使配合物吸附量降低；吸附量在酸性条件下较高，153Sm3＋在HA上的吸附能力最强，饱和吸附容量可达720 µmol•g－1；153Sm-HEDTMP饱和吸附容量为61µmol•g－1，153Sm-HEDTMP的吸附好于153Sm-EDTMP，Ca2＋对吸附有强烈的促进作用。EDTMP和HEDTMP对配合物的解吸率较高；生理盐水解吸作用不明显。     

配体量对~(153)Sm-HEDTMP生化性能的影响

研究了配体羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸（HEDTMP）的量对配合物^153Sm-HEDTMP的脂水分配系数、配合物与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）结合性以及配合物在羟基磷灰石（HA）上吸附性能的影响。结果表明，随着配体量的增大，配合物在正辛醇－水中的分配系数减小；与牛血清白蛋白的结合率下降；在HA上的吸附率有降低的趋势，但不明显。根据三项生化性能对^153Sm-HEDTMP在体内代谢的影响，实际应用时配体应适当过量。     

117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在体外骨模型上的吸附I.在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

研究了117Snm(Ⅳ)及117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在体外骨模型羟基磷灰石(HA)上的吸附及解吸特性,探讨了其骨吸附机理.吸附研究表明:117Snm(Ⅳ)及117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在HA上都有明显的吸附,其对117Snm(Ⅳ)的吸附量大于对117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP的吸附量;pH对吸附有明显影响,酸性条件最有利于吸附,弱碱性条件最不利于吸附;温度对吸附几乎没有影响.解吸研究表明:生理盐水和EDTMP对117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP的解吸量大于对117Snm(IV)的解吸量.117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP的吸附机理研究初步表明:当吸附量小于60 μmol/g时,络合物以整个配位络合物吸附为主;当吸附量大于60 μmol/g时,配位络合物整体吸附与117Snm(Ⅳ)从配体到HA的转移络合同时存在.     

^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）—EDTMP在体外骨模型上的吸附——Ⅰ．在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

研究了^117Sn^m及^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP在体外骨模型羟基磷灰石（HA）上的吸附及解吸特性，探讨了其骨吸附机理。吸附研究表明：^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）及^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP在HA上都有明显的吸附，其对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）的吸附量大于对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的吸附量；pH对吸附有明显影响，酸性条件最有利于吸附，弱碱性条件最不利于吸附；温度对吸附几乎没有影响。解吸研究表明：生理盐水和EDTMP对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的解吸量大于对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）的解吸量。对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的吸附机理研究初步表明：当吸附量小于60μmol/g时，络合物以整个配位络合物吸附为主；当吸附量大于60μmol/g时，配位络合物整体吸附与^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）从配体到HA的转移络合同时存在。     

117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在体外骨模型上的吸附Ⅱ. 在骨胶原上的吸附

研究了^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在体外骨模型骨胶原上的吸附和解吸特性，并与其在HA上的吸附、解吸特性做了比较。结果表明：pH和温度对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在骨胶原上吸附的影响与其在HA上的相似；而^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在骨胶原上的吸附平衡以及吸附方式与其在HA上的吸附明显不同。^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在骨胶原上的吸附非常稳定，它们从骨胶原上的解吸量远小于在相同条件下从HA上的解吸量。     

153Sm配合物与牛血清白蛋白结合对骨摄取的影响

研究了NTMP（次氮三亚甲基膦酸），HEDTMP（N－（羟乙基）乙二胺基三亚甲基膦酸），DCTMP（1，2－环己二胺四亚甲基膦酸），EDTMP（乙基二胺基四亚甲基膦酸），DTPMP（二乙基三胺基五亚甲膦酸），DTPA（二乙基三胺基五醋酸）的^153Sm配合物在羟基磷灰石（HA）和I型骨胶原上的吸附及其在小鼠体内的骨摄取，观察到体内骨摄取与体外骨模型吸附性能的差别。在对上述6个^153Sm配合物与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结合性质研究中观察到，^153Sm配合物与BSA的结合性对其骨摄取过程有重要影响，并解释了^153Sm配合物体内骨摄取与体外骨模型吸附不一致的原因。     

153Sm标记二膦酸配体及其在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

制备了新的伯胺二膦酸类配体ABDP(4-氨基-1-羟丁基-1，1-二膦酸)和2-AEDP(2-氨基-亚乙基-1，1-二膦酸)的^153Sm标记物，研究其标记条件及体外性质。实验表明，使用^153Sm标记两个配体，其标记率均可以达到95％以上，增加配体量可以提高标记率和稳定性，通过研究标记物在羟基磷灰石(HA)上的吸附可以看出，^153Sm—ABDP在HA上的吸附率较高，提示它可能有较好的骨吸附。     

^153Sm—EDTMp在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

用ＨＡ作骨体外模型，研究了配合物＾１５３Ｓｍ－ＥＤＴＭＰ在ＨＡ上的吸附规律和几种共存离子对吸附和解吸的影响。在ｐＨ＝７．０±０．２的条件下，体系中配合物量≤４０μｍｏｌ／（ｇ ＨＡ），吸附定量进行；当配合物量〉４０μｍｏｌ／（ｇ ＨＡ），则不能定量吸附。     

153Sm标记二膦酸配体及其在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

制备了新的伯胺二膦酸类配体ABDP(4-氨基-1-羟丁基-1,1-二膦酸)和2-AEDP(2-氨基-亚乙基-1,1-二膦酸)的153Sm标记物,研究其标记条件及体外性质.实验表明,使用153Sm标记两个配体,其标记率均可以达到95%以上,增加配体量可以提高标记率和稳定性,通过研究标记物在羟基磷灰石(HA)上的吸附可以看出,153Sm-ABDP在HA上的吸附率较高,提示它可能有较好的骨吸附.     

强碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附DPA-Pu(Ⅳ)/U(Ⅵ)配合物研究

2,6-吡啶二羧酸（DPA,以H₂C表示）是一种可用于乏燃料后处理Purex流程高保留钚废有机相中钚洗脱的洗脱剂。为将DPA洗脱液中的钚与铀分离并回收钚,本文通过静态吸附实验研究了DPA-Pu(Ⅳ)/U(Ⅵ)配合物在强碱性阴离子交换树脂DOWEX 1上的吸附性能,考察了DPA浓度、酸度、温度以及主要辐解产物对DOWEX 1吸附钚和铀的影响。培养了DPA与U(Ⅳ)/U(Ⅵ)配合物的单晶并测定了其结构,通过配合物晶体与吸附金属离子树脂光谱的对比确定了Pu(Ⅳ)（以U(Ⅳ)模拟代替）和U(Ⅵ)吸附在树脂上的配合物形态,通过变温吸附实验获得了相应吸附反应的热力学数据。吸附实验结果表明,DOWEX 1树脂能在低酸（0.1 mol/L HNO₃）条件下同时吸附钚和铀,在高酸（8 mol/L HNO₃）条件下只吸附钚不吸附铀。根据上述实验所得结果,提出低酸吸附铀/钚、高酸柱上转型除铀、低酸解吸回收钚的方案,并进行了实验验证。结果表明,采用所提出的回收钚的方案,钚的回收率达96%,对铀的去污因子约为2.8×10³。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

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<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-