关于项目评价有关理论问题的思考

该对项目评价的目的、定义、分类、设计等理论问题进行探讨,特别对其中的“项目”的定义、划分及理论进行了比较详细的阐述。作结合项目评价的实践提出：项目评价的设计模型要根据实际情况而定;项目评价研究与其他研究最大的区别在于研究的目的,而非研究方法。评价不仅要掌握项目评价的技术方法,而且要充分了解项目的目的、背景、内涵和项目理论。     

关于社区健康促进项目评价设计的理论探讨

社区健康促进项目广泛开展,由于项目的复杂性,项目评价往往存在一些问题。结合社区项目评价实践,指出社区项目评价设计方面存在的主要问题以及解决思路,主要在项目评价设计时机、构建项目理论和抽样调查样本量计算等方面进行了理论探讨以及案例分析,以期对完善社区干预项目的评价设计提供参考。     

卫生项目评价面临的机遇与挑战

卫生项目评价的核心功能就是为卫生资源配置提供信息与决策建议,以提高卫生资源的利用效率。近年来,我国卫生领域的新形势和新动向为卫生项目评价带来了重大的发展机遇,与此同时,卫生项目评价的理论与实践也有其需要克服的瓶颈。所以,有必要对我国卫生项目评价理论、方法与实践面临的机遇与挑战进行较深入的探讨。     

项目过程评价的有关问题探讨

文章参考国内外文献并结合作者的项目评价实践,对过程评价的概念、理论及方法等内容进行探讨.     

基于项目反应理论的糖尿病功能性健康素养量表评价

目的 本研究旨在评价糖尿病功能性健康素养量表.方法 采用按规模大小成比例的概率抽样方法抽取北京市大兴区5‰的常住人口即7019人进行糖尿病功能性健康素养量表的评价,评价方法为项目反应理论.结果 自行编制的糖尿病功能性健康素养量表经项目反应理论验证,各条目区分度在1.201～3.375范围内,难度在-3.081～0.57...     

关于卫生项目评价应用思考

围绕项目绩效开展项目监管工作,是实现项目目标以及卫生计生项目科学管理的重要举措。目前国际上使用较为广泛的诸多模型在国内使用时仍存在一定的局限性,本文基于国内开展卫生项目评价过程中存在的三个基本问题,结合国家卫计委项目监管中心工作实践,阐述了对卫生项目评价的理解,并根据卫生项目评价理论假设,提出了卫生项目复合评价模型逻辑框架的思考。同时强调卫生项目复合评价应正确理解使用评价要素基本概念,关注项目的效果,对项目实施影响因素进行客观和深入的分析。     

基于项目理论的怒江儿童健康综合干预评估框架

文章回顾了项目评估的相关理论和框架,以及儿童健康干预评估的研究实践,并结合怒江当地儿童卫生工作现状,基于项目理论初步构建了怒江儿童健康综合干预评估框架。该框架包括项目外环境、儿童健康综合干预行动模块、儿童健康综合干预作用模块和评估技术环境等方面,涉及到领导机构、执行机构、协调机构、协调/执行人员、干预和服务标准、环境和氛围、目标人群、干预活动、决定因素以及结果或效果等要素。     

基于扎根理论的社区应用型精神卫生项目评价框架初探

目的:构建社区应用型精神卫生项目评价框架,为项目管理和评价提供依据,引导项目向好发展,促进社区精神卫生工作。方法:2019年7月采用目的抽样和理论抽样方法,对北京市朝阳区和海淀区41名精神卫生领域利益相关者,就社区精神卫生项目应具备的价值开展半结构式访谈,并运用扎根理论深入归纳、分析。结果:梳理自由节点1467个、树状节点141个、范畴34个和主范畴(核心范畴)7个,形成管理者资助项目的价值倾向:注重项目与实际资源和需求联系,提高基层能力和对患者影响,以此提炼适宜技术,促进实际应用并推广,推动精神卫生工作。结论:社区精神卫生项目应在结合实际情况的基础上,满足需求,进而反映项目效果,达成预期目标。该框架具有社区视角和精神卫生特殊性,是指导项目管理者评价社区精神卫生项目整体价值、决定资助与否的理论框架,也是引导项目走向的价值准则。     

项目反应理论的SAS软件实现

项目反应理论(item response theory,IRT)是一种可以精确测量被试能力的现代测量理论,起源于20世纪30年代末;到70年代,IRT逐渐替代了传统的经典测验理论(classical test theory,CTT),成为了测验理论的重点。IRT模型的特点是建立了项目性能、被试潜在特质水平与项目应答正确概率的关系[1-2]。与CTT相比,IRT中项目的难度、区分度和猜测度更为清晰、易懂,它将项目特性与被试水平定义在同一维度内,避免了对项目和被试的评价过分依赖抽样样本的局限性。     

项目与项目评价概述

文章参考国内外相关文献并结合作者多年来从事项目评价的经验,对项目和项目评价的定义与分类、项目评价的基本原理等进行探讨.     

Project management

High priority projects need to be treated as more than just another element in the normal managerial process if they are to be implemented on time, achieve their quality targets, and finish within budget. Achieving this discipline is the object of 'project management'--an approach which uses special control structures and management techniques to make things happen. Can this approach help your organisation move faster with strategically important one-off projects? This Health Management Guide looks at why project management is necessary, explores a number of case studies where it has been used successfully in the health services, and identifies the key points to bear in mind when adopting this approach.     

Project Threshold

Project Threshold is a program which uses an interdisciplinary approach to assist persons with physical disabilities in solving their functional problems at home or at work. The program originated to provide rehabilitation engineering services to those persons in the community whose needs were not being met through more traditional services. As the program evolved, it was evident that an interdisciplinary team was needed to fully develop the potential of this service delivery program. Occupational therapists were identified as important members of this team because of their expertise in functional assessment, analysis of activity and teaching such activities. Pivotal to the project's success is the adherence to a thorough and sequential service delivery process. This process is illustrated by the presentation of two cases; one involving an independent living evaluation, and the other a worksite assessment.     

Zuni Diabetes Project

Widespread type II diabetes among North American Indians and certain other populations is a relatively recent medical phenomenon. Increased prevalence of diabetes appears to be related to sudden cultural shifts toward sedentary lifestyle and increased caloric intake. These changes, super-imposed on a genetic predisposition to diabetes, pose a community health threat to the Zuni and similar populations. Regular aerobic exercise is clearly beneficial to most type II diabetics. The key public health issue is how to establish community participation in effective aerobic activity. The Zuni Diabetes Project, fully described here, serves as a model in this respect.     

The PROCESS Project

This article presents an evaluation of a particular approach to observation and assessment. It was developed within a project known as PROCESS which was undertaken in collaboration between Roehampton Institute and the London Borough of Merton. It was piloted, and subsequently used widely within this local education authority, alongside in-service sessions and project evaluation. It has now gained wider recognition through publication. Initially aimed at the production of a baseline assessment procedure which was consistent with principles embodying holistic learning, the project developed to encompass a range of related issues. Above all it generated inquiry and insights into provision for learning and classroom management which became interwoven with strategies for observation and reflection.     

The Sigma Project

The Sigma Project, underway in a number of health care settings across Trent Regional Health Authority, is making dramatic productivity gains and improvements in the quality of care. The Project is being spearheaded by a number of Trust chief executives and unit general managers.