一代宗师何朝宗瓷塑艺术的文化解读

明代德化瓷塑大师、瓷圣何朝宗的瓷塑艺术具有独特和永恒的艺术魅力,它达到了中国古代瓷塑艺术成就的高峰。何朝宗鬼斧神工的瓷塑艺术将宗教精神、人生哲学、审美情趣融入德化的白瓷,创造出了一件件不朽的瓷塑艺术品,他的艺术风格一直影响到数百年后的今天。现存福建泉州海交馆的何朝宗瓷塑艺术代表作品《渡海观音》,就是一尊何氏精湛的雕塑艺术语言和艺术家心目中的“世上独一无二的艺术珍品”。何朝宗的瓷塑艺术凝铸着一个时代的智慧,它将永恒的闪耀着灿烂的光辉。     

木块填料对高浓度乙醇连续发酵过程中振荡行为的弱化机制

前期研究发现，添加木块填料可有效弱化管式反应器中的振荡行为，并推测其机理可能与酵母细胞的固定化、酵母细胞生长微环境的改变和管式反应器中稀释速率的改变三方面因素有关。本文实验证明了木块填料反应器的稀释率的改变不是导致振荡弱化的主要原因。进一步研究表明：一方面，与其他填料体系相比，木块填料体系不仅维持了较高的生物量浓度，而且维持了较高的细胞活性，从而具备了弱化振荡的前提条件；另一方面，与无填料体系培养出的酵母细胞相比，木块填料体系培养的酵母细胞具有较高的乙醇耐受性，从而弱化了乙醇浓度变化导致的发酵参数的大幅度波动。     

浅谈现代陶艺

20世纪90年代以来,在中国现代陶艺的快速发展的道路上,积累了不少问题,其中一些问题是中国特有的,它是中国当代艺术在国际化潮流中不可避免的遭遇,例如现代主义和后现代主义在移植时的前后衔接的尴尬,本土化、后殖发主义的影响等.     

Y型分子筛负载磷钨酸催化剂的结构和性能

采用混合法制备磷钨酸质量分数不同的Y型分子筛负载催化剂,利用傅立叶红外光谱和X射线衍射仪表征了催化剂的表面酸性和结构,并用催化法脱除芳烃中微量烯烃的烷基化反应考察其催化性能.结果表明,220 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸为Keggin结构,550 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸为Dawson结构,Dawson结构的磷钨酸催化烷基化反应的性能优于Keggin结构的磷钨酸.随着磷钨酸量的增加,催化剂中B酸量先增加后减少,L酸量减少.550 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸质量分数为5%的催化剂具有较好的催化活性和较长的寿命.     

骨胶生产中蒸骨制胶操作方法

1 对蒸骨制胶过程的认识 蒸骨制胶的过程也就是用蒸汽使骨料块在密封的锅内受热、受压,使骨质疏松,由生胶质热解转变为可溶解于热水的动物胶质(习惯上称之为"骨胶")的过程.     

华顾恩:团队是成功的关键——独家专访法基瑞安水泥首席执行官

"你好,欢迎欢迎!".作为拉法基瑞安水泥的CEO,华顾思微笑着向<中国水泥>的记者们一一握手打招呼,尽管他的发音还带着外国的语调,但听起来非常亲切.陪同我们采访的公司负责企业传播的副总裁乔天云告诉记者,与我们见面之前,华顾思刚刚从法国总部开会回来.他的工作很忙,日程安排满满的,许多时间都是在国内国际航线上度过的.但他依然神采奕奕,目光敏锐,嘴角带着可亲的笑容.华顾思热情随和,采访中始终带着微笑,有时还开个玩笑.他给<中国水泥>记者的印象--身材魁梧,天庭饱满,浓而密的眉毛下面有一双睿智的眼晴,这是一位具有很强亲和力和感染力的企业领导人.     

用∑WESH图评价某涂料化工厂的可持续性

介绍了在清洁生产过程中用∑WESH图评价涂料化工厂的可持续发展的原理及方法,并进行了一个实例的评价.从该厂的∑WESH图得出该厂的水及能源的利用率高,所用的原材料的稀缺性都不大,唯一较严重的问题是二甲苯的通过量大,危害性较严重.因此建议该厂在配方上尽量减少二甲苯的使用,开发新产品.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对内胎质量的影响

从内胎生产所用设备的性能和操作对内胎质量的影响进行了阐述.着重介绍了内胎生产所用设备的结构、工艺流程及经常出现的质量缺陷、造成的原因和防治办法.对内胎生产具有一定的参考价值.     

硬度计压头形状和负荷的大小对显微硬度的影响

硬度是衡量超硬材料烧结体的主要特性之一.然而目前国内外还没有超硬材料烧结体硬度测量的统一的标准.文章通过硬度计测量标准块的硬度值总结如下:施加相同力而采用不同形状的压头所得结果不同,采用相同的压头而施加不同的力所得结果也不一样;随着施加负荷的增大,压痕周围产生的破碎形变也在增大,这将影响测量值的准确性.因此,压头的形状和所施加的负荷是影响硬度值的一个重要因素.通过分析得知,在测试中应采用努普压头并且施加小负荷的力.[1,3]     

颜色釉的装饰特点及其运用

景德镇的高温颜色釉瓷器以其丰富多彩的釉色、精致完美的器物、风格迥异的造型、清亮耀眼的光泽,而成为世界工艺美术史上一颗闪烁着夺目光华的明珠.本文从颜色釉的形成和发展、颜色釉的工艺特色以及颜色釉的运用及创新等方面作了些浅显论述,以求证颜色釉的灿烂成就.     

废钢在底吹反应器中运动熔化及混匀的水模型实验

通过水模型实验,使用饱和氯化钾溶液制作的冰样模拟重型废钢,研究其在底吹气体搅拌反应器中的运动、融化及溶质的混匀规律。探究了单孔吹气模式下的液面高度、双孔吹气方式下的气体流量等因素对其的影响。结果表明,单孔吹气时,液面高度较低时(液面高度与直径比为0.42),气柱发展不充分,容器内环流较弱,盐球在气柱上下往复运动,融化较为缓慢。随着液面高度增加(液面高度与直径比为1.04),盐球随着环流运动,融化过程加快,按照98%标准得到的KCl的混匀时间甚至低于融化时间。双孔吹气时,A孔气体流量0.8 m3/h不变,B孔气体流量为0.5和1.0 m3/h时,盐球从吹气孔A上方加入后,在容器底部停留一段时间,在60~70 s之后才运动到顶部,沿着环流运动;B孔流量增加至1.5 m3/h时,盐球不会在底部停留,随气柱运动到吹气流量大的一侧的羽流区,其融化过程较快。在双孔吹气方案中,也发现了KCl的混匀时间低于融化时间的规律,这和融化末期盐球质量较小,释放的盐分较少有关。在本研究中,双孔吹气对盐球融化的促进作用不如单孔吹气且流量较大的方案。     

Mechanical properties of adhesive bonds reinforced with biological fabric

The paper deals with the utilization of a biological reinforcement in an area of an adhesive layer. An advantage of the biological reinforcement application is a simplification of following recyclation of adhesive bonds comparing to those with carbon and glass fibre based reinforcements. Biocomposites combining the biological reinforcement with an inorganic adhesive can be used in the area of connecting materials by means of the adhesive bonding technology. This study was focused on the analysis of an adhesive bond strength when the bonds were reinforced with biological fabric such as jute, flax and cotton. It evaluates the quality of the adhesive layer by means of SEM. The aim of this experiment was to describe an influence of the biological reinforcement in the form of fabric on the adhesive bond strength loaded with various loading speeds from 0.5 to 300 mm/min. The experimental part is devoted to the research on the influence of added fabrics of the natural origin on the shear strength of the adhesive bond which is prepared with the polymer adhesive. The experiment results proved a benefit of the reinforcing biological fabric in the layer of the adhesive. The reinforcement of the adhesive bond with the layer of the flax and the cotton showed in the positive way with the increase of the adhesive bond strength up of ca. 50%. The biological reinforcement was not fully wetted with the resin which did not considerably influence the adhesive bond strength.     

Pd-Pb/SiO2催化高浓度乙烯基乙炔加氢合成丁二烯

研究了硅胶负载钯铅双金属催化剂催化高浓度乙烯基乙炔加氢合成丁二烯过程。结果表明,加入适量的铅可起到分隔钯纳米粒子,阻碍钯纳米粒子团聚的作用,从而提高催化剂的催化活性,最佳Pb/Pd摩尔比为0.2。继续提高Pb/Pd摩尔比时,会生成铅钯合金相,造成催化剂活性降低。X射线光电子能谱结果表明,催化剂的催化活性与Pd 3d的电子结合能呈正相关关系。制备催化剂过程中,还原温度对催化剂的结构和催化性能影响显著。在350℃下还原得到的催化剂中金属氧化物还原不彻底,催化剂活性较低;还原温度为450℃时,则会引起钯纳米粒子烧结,造成催化剂的催化活性和对丁二烯的选择性同时降低;催化剂的最佳还原温度为400℃。在40℃催化乙烯基乙炔反应40 h后,积炭造成催化剂的孔道堵塞,催化剂失活。因此,需要进一步开展改善催化剂的抗积炭能力和使用寿命方面的研究。     

Combined electrochemical and surface analysis investigation of degradation processes in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Fuel cells allow an environmentally friendly and highly efficiently conversion of chemical energy to electricity and heat. Therefore, they have a high potential to become important components of an energy-efficient and sustainable economy. The main challenges in the development of fuel cells are cost reduction and long-term durability. Whereas the cost can be significantly reduced by innovative mass production, the knowledge to enhance the lifetime sufficiently is not available.Surface science analysis methods used for the characterization of the new and used electrodes can be use to determine the alterations in the fuel cell components and in this way to identify the degradation processes, but they do not allow to quantify the influence of the alterations in the electrodes on the electrochemical performance. For this purpose electrochemical methods are necessary; especially the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allows to separate the performance losses individually and to assign them to different components and processes of the cell via a model, whereas the choice of the right model can be problematic.Two important and distinct structural degradation processes were identified by surface analysis of the electrodes before and after fuel cell operation: first, the decomposition of poly tetra-fluoro-ethylene (PTFE) which is used as an organic binder and as a hydrophobic agent in the electrodes and second, a change of the structure of the catalysts. The observed decomposition of the PTFE is associated with a decrease of the hydrophobicity of the electrode. A loss of hydrophobicity influences drastically the required operation conditions and leads to a more critical water management of the fuel cell. In contrast, the alteration of the catalysts structure in the electrodes causes an irreversible decrease of the electrochemical performance. In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) a particle agglomeration of the platinum catalysts at the cathodes is detected.With EIS the effect of two different degradation processes in the membrane-electrode-assembly was quantified. During continuous operation the degradation of the PTFE induces an approximately two times higher performance loss compared with the performance loss related to the agglomeration of the platinum catalyst.     

ChMI/ MMA/AN悬浮共聚物与PVC共混的研究

通过悬浮共聚得到了N－环己基马来酰亚胺（ChMI）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯腈（AN）三元共聚物（PCMA），用作耐热改性剂与PVC共混。考察了共聚物用量对共混物热性能、力学性能、流变性能的影响，用扫描电镜（SEM）观察其断面。结果表明：随共聚物用量的增加，共混物的玻璃化温度和维卡软化点明显提高；PVC第一阶段降解速率减小，降解守毕后平台区残留量逐渐上升；拉伸强度明显提高，冲击强度在一定比例范围内几乎不变；熔体表观粘度增加，呈假塑性流体。     

扩压式自泵送流体动静压型机械密封性能分析

密封端面开启力是保证非接触式机械密封非接触运行的重要指标。为克服普通自泵送流体动静压型机械密封端面开启力随转速增大而减小这一不足，基于离心式泵或压缩机的扩压器工作原理提出了一种扩压式自泵送流体动静压型机械密封。数值模拟比较了普通自泵送和扩压式自泵送流体动静压型机械密封的密封性能，探讨了密封面结构参数和工况参数对扩压式自泵送流体动静压型机械密封性能的影响规律。结果表明：扩压式自泵送流体动静压型机械密封相比同等螺旋槽参数的普通自泵送流体动静压型机械密封的密封界面开启力提升了50%以上，并随转速增大而增大；随着扩压环槽增宽，开启力和泄漏率都显著增大；减小扩压环槽深度，能有效提高开启力；扩压环槽结构尺寸的变化基本不影响槽扩宽比、槽数和螺旋角对密封性能的影响规律。在一定的工况参数下，通过结构参数匹配，扩压式自泵送流体动静压型机械密封可以获得较优的密封性能。     

Écoulement de Taylor‐Couette en géométrie finie et à surface libre

The reactors of Taylor‐Couette type are relatively recent application in the engineering processes field. The stability and the flow structure in this device are examined under the effect combined of the free surface and the fluid's height in annular space. The exploitation of the flow regimes is carried out according to the number of Taylor for various values of aspect ration Γ. By means of ultrasonic velocimetry (UPV) we determine axial average velocity profile and the axial wavelength. We also carry out the spectral analysis by Fourier's fast transform of the fluctuations associated with the average velocity values in order to analyze the flow structure. We particularly aim for checking the presence or the absence of the azimuth wave according to the filling height and the rotational velocity imposed. We highlight the effects of free surface and aspect ratio on the conditions of appearance of the second instability ( wavy mode). The analysis of the fluctuation shows that the appearance of the azimuth wave regime (Wavy mode) is delayed when the aspect ration decreases. Below a critical value noted Γc = 10, the azimuth wave regime is not observed any more.     

台阶式并行微通道内液液两相流流型及其转变机理

利用高速摄像仪研究了台阶式并行微通道内液液两相流流型及其转变机理。以甘油水为分散相、含3% Span 85的环己烷为连续相,观测到了滴状-滴状流、过渡-滴状流、喷射-过渡流和喷射-喷射流4种流型;以两相流量为坐标轴绘制了流型图,并获得了流型转变线;分析了流型的转变机理。考察了分散相黏度对流型及其转变的影响机制。随着分散相黏度的增大,流型转变线整体向下移动,滴状-滴状流区域变小,喷射-喷射流区域变大。最后,运用介尺度概念分析了并行微通道内液液两相流非均匀结构的动态效应。     

Confocal microscope—A valuable tool for examining wood-coating interface

The suitability of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in examining a wood-coating interface was evaluated using a clear coating system. A comparison of the images of the wood-clear coating interface obtained using CLSM and light microscopy (LM) showed a marked superiority of CLSM in revealing the details of the physical nature of the interaction between the clear coating and the wood cell walls in the surface layer. The most distinct advantage of CLSM was in its ability to clearly resolve penetration of the coating into very fine cracks in cell walls, details not obtainable with LM. The information presented here demonstrates that CLSM has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the physical aspects of an interaction between the wood and coating at the interface.     

Influence of organic pigment particles on millbase flow of nitro-cellulose/alcohol-rich liquid inks

Millbase flow of nitro-cellulose/alcohol-based inks deteriorates above a critical pigment weight fraction in the ink which differs from pigment to pigment. Below this critical concentration the inks are flocculation-resistant by virtue of a stabilizing adsorbed layer of NC resin on the pigment particle surfaces. The pigment particles are large aggregates of crystals, from which additives such as abietyl resin have been shown to dissolve off into the ink medium. The aggregates are associated with liquid medium immobilized within the shear boundary near the pigment/medium interface (includes adsorbed layers and liquid within pores). This results in the effective pigment volume fraction in the ink being higher than that calculated from the weight fraction. When considered in terms of the effective volume fraction, most of the pigments have the same critical concentration of about 0.2–0.25. This indicates that deterioration in flow at higher concentrations is due in the first instance to crowding of particles, rather than to the failure of the mechanism of flocculation resistance per se. The robustness of the flocculation resistance is indicated by a low rate of increase of the strength of the structure with an increase in the effective volume fraction above the critical concentration. Robustness is important in maintaining manageable flow at high concentrations. Increasing the proportion of ethyl acetate in the solvent blend can adversely affect the millbase rheology of dispersions of some pigments in NC ink media due to induced flocculation and structure formation. The improved solvency of the blend for NC resin has been shown to reduce the amount of NC resin adsorbed on the particles of an ester-sensitive pigment. Other pigments give inks with rheology insensitive to ester content. This is attributed to more specific interaction of the NC resin with the pigment particle surfaces. The effect of temperature on flocculation resistance is consistent with these views.