基础简谐激励下的结构动响应拓扑优化

针对关于结构动响应拓扑优化问题的研究较少、有限元分析软件的拓扑优化模块无法实现的问题,采用变密度法研究连续体结构在基础简谐激励下的动响应拓扑优化.将基础简谐激励下的响应控制问题归结为结构在体积约束下目标点响应幅值最小化的优化模型;推导有阻尼结构在基础简谐激励下目标点响应幅值的灵敏度公式;采用变密度法求解该优化问题.采用多项式惩罚模型解决带惩罚的各向同性固体微结构（Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalization,SIMP）模型带来的附属效应现象;采用灰度过滤方法改善经典变密度法在优化过程中灰度单元收敛过慢的问题,从而减少变密度法优化的迭代步数并且使优化结果更清晰.以平面悬臂板模型为例,验证该优化方法对目标点响应幅值的优化以及灰度过滤函数对优化迭代的改善.     

汽车薄壁冲压件焊点的拓扑优化

汽车薄壁冲压件的焊点数量是汽车制造成本的决定性因素,为了降低成本,焊点的拓扑优化逐渐成为人们关注的热点。基于ICM（Independent Continuous Mapping,即独立、连续、映射）方法,将焊点有无的离散拓扑优化问题转化为[0,1]区间上的连续优化问题;建立了以结构刚度最大为目标、结构强度为约束的连续拓扑优化模型;采用K-S函数将多目标和多约束问题转化为单目标和单约束问题;运用响应面（RSM）方法将位移和应力转化为设计变量的显式函数,采用序列二次规划（SQP）方法求解优化模型。为了提高求解效率,对优化问题的可并行性进行了分析,搭建并行环境,用C++和Fortran语言开发了焊点优化问题的并行程序。工程实例表明,优化算法和程序是可靠、有效的。     

受压杆件的虚拟优化设计

基于ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法解决受压杆件的虚拟优化设计问题.在CAD/CAE软件Patran平台上建立受压杆件的三维模型;建立以结构重量为目标,以屈曲临界力为约束的拓扑优化数学模型;借助泰勒展式、过滤函数及瑞利商将模型作近似处理,避免了灵敏度的计算;将优化模型转化为对偶规划,并利用序列二次规划求解,减少了设计变量的数目,缩小了模型的求解规模.并且找出了拓扑结构中瓶颈的位置,据此可以得到较为理想的受压杆件设计结构.     

物质点拓扑变量法在柔性机构设计中的应用

为克服柔性机构拓扑优化设计中的各类数值不稳定性问题,提出一种以物质点拓扑变量为设计变量的拓扑优化方法.物质点拓扑变量可视为节点密度概念的进一步拓展,基于修正网格无关性过滤函数提出了新的拓扑变量场插值形函数.基于弹簧模型,建立了柔性机构的多约束拓扑优化模型,推导了常见结构响应量的敏度表达式,采用移动渐进线法进行优化求解.最后通过二维数值算例验证了文中方法的可行性和有效性.     

最小位移类桁架连续体拓扑设计优化

为将拓扑优化中的柔度最小化问题拓展到一般位移最小化问题,用有限元划分设计域,采用类桁架连续体材料模型,并假设杆件在设计域内连续分布.将杆件在节点位置的密度和方向作为设计变量,将指定位置和方向的位移作为目标函数,采用基于目标函数梯度的优化准则法,通过优化杆件的连续分布场形成拓扑优化的类桁架连续体.该方法可结合结构力学的基本概念,选择部分杆件形成拓扑优化刚架.     

基于“几何-拓扑”迭代优化的三维网格模型修复算法

针对三维网格模型孔洞保特征修复问题,提出一种基于"几何-拓扑"迭代优化的三维数据修复算法.给定残缺的三角网格模型,首先识别孔洞区域,利用动态规划方法对孔洞区域进行初始的三角剖分,赋予孔洞区域拓扑连接关系;然后识别孔洞边界一对特征点,基于特征点及其法向粗略拟合特征曲线,在特征曲线的指导下调整孔洞局部的拓扑结构,即孔洞区域拓扑连接关系优化;最后基于孔洞及其N环邻域构建保特征的局部总变分能量函数,迭代求解孔洞及其邻域的顶点几何位置,即局部顶点几何位置的优化,重复局部拓扑连接关系优化和顶点几何位置优化,直到拓扑结构优化处理中不再发生连接关系调整,即完成了三维网格模型的修复.在现有的完整三维网格模型上人为去除部分构造带孔洞的残缺模型,以此作为数据,与其他修复算法进行对比实验的结果表明,所提算法可以有效地恢复孔洞区域的显著特征,并且在修复时间和误差统计上占有明显优势.     

基于无网格局部Petrov-Galekin法的板结构拓扑优化

为将无网格法的优势集成到结构拓扑优化中,基于无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin(Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin,MLPG)法进行板结构的拓扑优化.基于带惩罚的各向同性固体微结构(Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalization,SIMP)的拓扑优化模型和优化准则法建立设计变量的优化修正方案.位移场和相对密度场均采用自然邻接点插值形函数进行离散插值.几种典型的拓扑优化算例证明该数值算法的正确性和有效性.     

抑制灰度单元的改进优化准则法

为了抑制连续体结构拓扑优化结果中的灰度单元,提出2种改进的启发式优化准则法.该方法与固体各向同性惩罚微结构(SIMP)材料描述方式相结合,利用光滑的Heaviside函数使灰度单元趋于0或1两极分化;在每一轮优化迭代中能自然满足体积约束函数,不仅能有效地抑制灰度单元的数量,而且提高了优化求解的效率.最后通过二维经典拓扑优化算例验证了文中方法的正确性.     

拓扑优化变密度法的灰度单元分层双重惩罚方法

在连续体结构拓扑优化中,应用敏度过滤法可有效地去除数值不稳定问题,但易出现优化结构边界灰度扩散现象.为了获得边界清晰的拓扑结果,提出一种变密度法的灰度单元分层双重惩罚方法.该方法通过调节不含敏度过滤的SIMP优化算法中的惩罚因子,对过滤后单元敏度进行修正,加速中间密度单元向0或1的离散状态逼近.为了加快这个过程,将该方法与分层网格细分策略相结合,优化从一个粗的有限元网格开始,利用单元密度等效映射方法将粗网格求解优化问题的结果映射为同一问题具有更细网格的初始输入,通过减少优化过程中的计算消耗,在取得具有清晰边界拓扑结构的同时提升优化过程的收敛速率.采用不同方法求解MBB梁,对最终优化结构中所含的中间密度单元数量和优化所需时间消耗进行对比;利用不同网格划分下的悬臂梁算例验证该方法的网格依赖性.结果表明,结合分层双重惩罚的SIMP算法在保留原始求解稳定性的同时,能获得具有清晰边界的拓扑构型,并提升收敛速率.     

改进的导重法求解拓扑优化问题及灰度过滤技术

为了提高导重法求解拓扑优化问题的计算效果,提出一种改进的导重法,并引入了灰度过滤技术抑制优化过程中灰度单元的产生.首先基于RAMP(the rational approximation of material properties)模型结合导重法求解最小柔度拓扑优化问题的迭代表达式,利用二分法对表达式中的拉格朗日乘子求法进行了改进;为减少优化后结构图像中的灰度单元数量,在迭代表达式中引入灰度过滤函数;最后将上述理论拓展到多工况拓扑优化问题中,采用归一化组合处理方法建立目标函数.对多工况拓扑优化问题的2个典型算例进行计算的结果表明,应用文中理论求解拓扑优化问题具有收敛稳定、求解快速、图像清晰的特点.     

Topology optimization of free vibrating continuum structures based on the element free Galerkin method

In this paper, the topology optimization design of the free vibrating continuum structures is formulated based on the element free Galerkin (EFG) method. Considering the relative density of nodes as design variable, and the maximization of the fundamental eigenvalue as an objective function, the mathematical formulation of the topology optimization model is developed using the solid isotropic microstructures with penalization (SIMP) interpolation scheme. The topology optimization problem is solved by the optimality criteria method. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method are illustrated with several 2D examples that are widely used in the topology optimization design.     

基于凸规划方法的计算机辅助结构拓扑优化设计

基于SIMP密度-刚度插值模型和移动渐近线方法,推导并建立了线弹性连续体结构刚度拓扑优化设计的数学模型．对中间密度材料进行研究,得出了惩罚因子的合理取值范围,分析了棋盘格式和网格依赖性等数值计算中存在的问题,并结合一种敏度过滤技术改善了这些问题．给出文中方法的程序流程,开发出二维结构的拓扑优化系统,通过一些经典的算例,证明了文中方法的有效性．     

连续体结构的参数化水平集统一优化

针对传统分步式结构优化设计的不足,提出一种同时进行结构拓扑、形状和尺寸统一优化的设计方法.首先采用水平集函数描述统一的结构优化模型和几何尺寸边界,通过引入紧支径向插值基函数将结构拓扑优化变量、形状优化变量和尺寸优化变量变换为基函数的扩展系数;然后取该扩展系数为设计变量,借助一种参数的变化表达3种优化要素对结构性能的影响,将复杂的多变量优化问题变换为相对简单的参数优化问题,有利于与相对成熟的优化算法相结合提高求解效率;进一步用R函数将其融合为一个整体,构造出统一优化模型,并用最优化准则法进行求解.最后通过数值案例证明了该方法的有效性和精确性.     

Topology optimization of dynamic stress response reliability of continuum structures involving multi-phase materials

This paper proposes a methodology for maximizing dynamic stress response reliability of continuum structures involving multi-phase materials by using a bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method. The topology optimization model is built based on a material interpolation scheme with multiple materials. The objective function is to maximize the dynamic stress response reliability index subject to volume constraints on multi-phase materials. To solve the defined topology optimization problems, the sensitivity of the dynamic stress response reliability index with respect to the design variables is derived for iteratively updating the structural topology. Subsequently, an optimization procedure based on the BESO method is developed. Finally, a series of numerical examples of both 2D and 3D structures are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

     

Evolutionary topology optimization of continuum structures with smooth boundary representation

This paper develops an extended bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for topology optimization of continuum structures with smoothed boundary representation. In contrast to conventional zigzag BESO designs and removal/addition of elements, the newly proposed evolutionary topology optimization (ETO) method, determines implicitly the smooth structural topology by a level-set function (LSF) constructed by nodal sensitivity numbers. The projection relationship between the design model and the finite element analysis (FEA) model is established. The analysis of the design model is replaced by the FEA model with various elemental volume fractions, which are determined by the auxiliary LSF. The introduction of sensitivity LSF results in intermediate volume elements along the solid-void interface of the FEA model, thus contributing to the better convergence of the optimized topology for the design model. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are verified by a series of 2D and 3D topology optimization design problems including compliance minimization and natural frequency maximization. It has been shown that the developed ETO method is capable of generating a clear and smooth boundary representation; meanwhile the resultant designs are less dependent on the initial guess design and the finite element mesh resolution.     

Simultaneous shape and topology optimization of shell structures

In this research, Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is utilized for simultaneous shape and topology optimization of shell structures. It is shown that this approach is well matched with the large number of topology and shape design variables. The currently practiced technology for optimization is to find the topology first and then to refine the shape of structure. In this paper, the design parameters of shape and topology are optimized simultaneously in one go. In order to model and control the shape of free form shells, the NURBS (Non Uniform Rational B-Spline) technology is used. The optimization problem is considered as the minimization of mean compliance with the total material volume as active constraint and taking the shape and topology parameters as design variables. The material model employed for topology optimization is assumed to be the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP). Since the MMA optimization method requires derivatives of the objective function and the volume constraint with respect to the design variables, a sensitivity analysis is performed. Also, for alleviation of the instabilities such as mesh dependency and checkerboarding the convolution noise cleaning technique is employed. Finally, few examples taken from literature are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method and to study the effect of the proposed concurrent approach on the optimal design in comparison to the sequential topology and shape optimization methods.     

Fuzzy tolerance multilevel approach for structural topology optimization

This paper presents a novel methodology, fuzzy tolerance multilevel programming approach, for applying fuzzy set theory and sequence multilevel method to multi-objective topology optimization problems of continuum structures undergoing multiple loading cases. Ridge-type nonlinear membership functions in fuzzy set theory are applied to embody fuzzy and uncertain characteristics essentially involved by the objective and constraint functions. Sequence multilevel method is used to characterize the different priorities of loading cases at different levels making contribution to the final optimum solution, which is practically beneficial to reduce the subjective influence transferred by using weighted approaches. The solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) is adopted as the density-stiffness interpolation scheme to relax the original optimization problem and indicate the dependence of material properties with element pseudo-densities. Sequential linear programming (SLP) is used as the optimizer to solve the multi-objective optimization problem formulated using fuzzy tolerance multilevel programming scheme. Numerical instabilities, such as checkerboards and mesh dependencies are summarized and a duplicate sensitivity filtering method, in favor of contributing to the mesh-dependent optimum designs, is subsequently proposed to regularize the singularity of the optimization problem. The validation of the methodologies presented in this work has been demonstrated by detailed examples of numerical applications.     

Element exchange method for topology optimization

This paper presents a stochastic direct search method for topology optimization of continuum structures. In a systematic approach requiring repeated evaluations of the objective function, the element exchange method (EEM) eliminates the less influential solid elements by switching them into void elements and converts the more influential void elements into solid resulting in an optimal 0–1 topology as the solution converges. For compliance minimization problems, the element strain energy is used as the principal criterion for element exchange operation. A wider exploration of the design space is assured with the use of random shuffle while a checkerboard control scheme is used for detection and elimination of checkerboard regions. Through the solution of multiple two- and three-dimensional topology optimization problems, the general characteristics of EEM are presented. Moreover, the solution accuracy and efficiency of EEM are compared with those based on existing topology optimization methods.