RDX/RF纳米结构复合含能材料的孔结构研究

在黑索今(RDX)/间苯二酚-甲醛树脂(RF)纳米结构复合含能材料制备的基础上,研究了RF气凝胶和RDX/RF纳米结构复合含能材料的孔结构,计算了含10%、30%、50%、70%、80%RDX的复合材料RDX/RF的比表面积、总孔体积、平均孔径,并对RF气凝胶和不同复合材料的吸附脱附等温线、中孔分布和微孔分布进行了比较。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其微观形貌进行了表征,利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料中RDX颗粒的晶粒度进行了研究,在34~38 nm之间。研究表明:RDX/RF复合材料的孔径在50 nm以下,随RDX含量的增加,比表面积、总孔体积变小,平均孔径则变大;通过RF气凝胶和RDX/RF纳米复合含能材料的吸附脱附等温线、中孔、微孔分布以及中孔微分总孔体积、微孔微分总孔体积的变化比较,认为RDX的填充对气凝胶的中孔影响较大。     

溶胶凝胶法制备RDX/RF纳米复合含能材料

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,Na2CO3.10H2O为催化剂,采用溶胶凝胶法,通过RDX在间苯二酚-甲醛树脂(RF)形成的纳米网格中结晶,制备了RDX/RF纳米复合含能材料。用原子力显微镜(AFM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD),BET比表面积分析仪对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,RF凝胶网格尺寸在几个纳米到几十个纳米之间,RDX/RF凝胶中的RDX晶粒大小平均为38 nm。空白RF气凝胶的比表面积达551.5 m2.g-1,炸药填充后样品比表面积为142.7 m2.g-1。与同组分的机械混合物相比,RDX/RF复合物的热分解峰提前约25℃,机械感度有所降低。     

干燥方式对RDX/RF复合含能材料结构性能影响

采用超临界干燥方式和冷冻干燥方式制得RDX/RF气凝胶和干凝胶.利用扫描电镜(SEM),BET比表面积分析,X射线粉末衍射(XRD),差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其结构进行了表征.结果表明: 超临界干燥方式得到的RDX/RF气凝胶具有典型纳米孔洞结构和高比表面积特性.冷冻干燥导致干凝胶骨架结构坍塌,比表面积显著降低.RDX/RF气凝胶中RDX的平均晶粒度在34～38 nm之间,干凝胶中RDX的平均晶粒度在50～100 nm之间.RDX/RF气凝胶和干凝胶的热分解峰分别提前了14～25 ℃和2～7 ℃.     

HMX／AP／RF纳米复合含能材料的sol-gel法制备

首次用溶胶一凝胶(sol-gel)方法成功制备了HMX/AP/RF纳米复合含能材料.采用SEM扫描电镜、BET比表面积分析、XRD粉末衍射和DSC差示扫描量热法对复合材料的结构进行表征.结果表明:HMX/AP/RF气凝胶具有纳米网孔结构,比表面积为27.13m2/g,相比空白RF气凝胶明显下降;HMX/AP/RF气凝胶中晶体的平均晶粒度为48～93nm,HMX/AP/RF气凝胶的热分解峰较原物质HMX相比有所提前.     

凝胶模板法制备RDX/B/Fe_2O_3纳米复合含能材料

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Fe2O3凝胶模板,加入黑索今(RDX)和硼(B)粉,制得RDX/B/Fe2O3复合湿凝胶,利用超临界CO2流体干燥工艺对其进行干燥,得到RDX/B/Fe2O3纳米复合含能材料。讨论了湿凝胶制备和超临界CO2流体干燥工艺中对凝胶结构和粒子大小的影响因素,获得了最佳制备工艺条件:Fe3+浓度0.20mol·L-1,n(Fe3+)∶n(C3H6O)=1∶15,超临界流体的温度40℃和压力10 MPa,干燥釜升压时CO2流入的速率15L·h-1,干燥釜平衡换气时CO2流体的流速2L·h-1。在此条件下制备得到纳米复合含能材料RDX/B/Fe2O3(质量比为90∶2∶8),利用扫描电镜,差示扫描量热分析了样品的微观形貌和热分解特性,测试了机械感度。结果表明,所得纳米含能材料粒度为30~50nm;RDX/B/Fe2O3分解放热起始温度比原料RDX提前了7℃,放热量提高了885J·g-1,机械感度H50=40.8cm。     

RDX-RF-NI三元体系纳米复合含能材料制备工艺研究

为提高能源材料的燃烧、能量及爆炸性能,在武器能源中引入纳米功能复合材料,对RDX-RF-NI三元体系纳米复合含能材料制备工艺进行研究.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备基于间苯二酚甲醛树脂(RF)凝胶的RDX-RF-Ni三元体系纳米复合含能材料,并进行实验验证.研究结果表明:以RF凝胶为基,同时采用水合肼(N2H4·H2O)还原溶液中的硫酸镍(NiSO4),可以制备出RDX-RF-Ni复合材料,RDX含量可以达到65%.     

RDX/Al/SiO_2纳米复合含能材料的制备及性能

为了在降低黑索今(RDX)机械感度的同时提高其热分解性能,以四甲氧基硅烷为前驱物,氟硼酸为催化剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了RDX-Al质量分数分别为30%、50%、70%(RDX与Al质量比均为6∶1)的三种RDX/Al/SiO_2纳米复合含能材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X-射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌及结构进行了表征;用热重分析(TG)、差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了样品的热性能;按GJB772A-1997的方法测试了样品的机械感度。结果表明:RDX/Al/SiO_2是以SiO_2为凝胶骨架,Al与RDX进入到凝胶骨架中形成的纳米复合含能材料;该复合材料中RDX的最小平均粒径为65.09 nm,且其粒径随RDX-Al含量的增加而增大;当RDX-Al的质量分数为30%时,与纯RDX相比,该复合材料中RDX的分解温度较纯RDX提前22.4℃,与原料RDX相比,样品的特性落高提高108.6 cm,爆炸百分数降低60%。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备RDX/SiO2纳米复合含能材料

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备RDX纳米复合含能材料的干凝胶及气凝胶。采用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌和晶体结构进行表征,测试了其热分解性能和撞击感度。结果表明,RDX含量为45%的RDX/SiO2纳米复合含能材料气凝胶的DSC分解峰温提前了15.4℃。SiO2凝胶基体可以降低RDX的撞击感度,并且随SiO2基体含量的增大降低幅度增大。     

NC/Al纳米复合含能材料的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法和超临界二氧化碳干燥法制备了硝化棉/铝粉(NC/Al)纳米复合材料,并通过红外光谱、比表面积、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及差示扫描量热(DSC)等分析方法对复合材料进行了表征。研究结果表明: 纳米铝粉与NC气凝胶骨架成功复合; 复合材料为平均孔径在20~50 nm之间的介孔材料,纳米铝粉在凝胶中均匀分散; NC/Al纳米复合材料的比表面积随铝粉添加量增加而下降; 复合材料中纳米铝粉与硝化棉质量比为5∶10时, NC组分分解热由空白NC气凝胶的1689.21 J·g-1提高至2408.07 J·g-1。      

硝化棉/黑索今纳米复合含能材料的制备与热性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以硝化棉（NC）为凝胶骨架的NC/黑索今（RDX）纳米复合含能材料,并采用红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及热失重/差示扫描量热（TG/DSC）等测试手段对材料进行了表征。研究结果表明：RDX与NC凝胶骨架成功复合;由Scherrer公式计算复合材料中RDX的平均粒径最低可达50.16 nm,且随着RDX含量增大,其粒径随之增大,但仍在100 nm以下;复合材料中RDX的最大分解温度及差示扫描量热（DSC）放热峰温均低于原料RDX。     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

An Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Machining of Microelectrode

Puts forward a new method in machining microelectrode by electro chemical machining （ECM） and plastic deformed theory. The procedure of this method is to machine the microelectrode according to the basic rule of ECM theory at first. Then, with the change of ECM machining parameters, one of the microelectrode ends is exerted by a load. As a result, the elastic and plastic deformation is produced at the machining section and the microelectrode diameter is reduced. It has been proved that the proposed method can determine the optimum machining parameters to machine the microelectrode of Cu.     

Unscented Kalman Filter for Autonomous Warship Attitude Determination

To address a problem of autonomous attitude determination algorithm using gravitational field and geomagnetic field observation, a new recursive optimization autonomous attitude estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on unscented Kalman fiher(UKF), and can synchronously provide the attitude rate information. The simulated results show that the measurement precision of the method could be increased by 2 times compared to that of the common methods.     

Error Coefficient Estimation of Inertial Platformin Its Calibration

The error coefficient estimation of inertial platform in the course of its consecutive ground calibration is studiedA separate-bias algorithm is adopted to estimate the error parameters effectively. The ill-conditioning problem of the equation solution caused by the huge state dimension is also resolved. And the simulation result shows its validity.