催化褪色光度法测定环境水样中痕量亚硝酸根

研究了在稀磷酸介质中亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化中性红的褪色反应及动力学条件 ,建立了一个新的测定痕量亚硝酸根的方法。其灵敏度为 1 .4× 1 0 -8g/ m L,测定范围为 0 .1～ 2 .0 μg/ 2 5m L,方法简单、快速 ,分析费用低 ,用于测定水样中的痕量 NO-2 ,获得满意的结果。     

偶氮染料显色树脂相分光光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

提出了一种测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法。在 p H2 .0～ 3.0酸性介质中 ,亚硝酸根与对氨基苯磺酸发生重氮化反应 ,然后在 p H6 .0～ 7.0弱酸性介质中与甲萘胺偶合生成一种紫红色偶氮染料 ,与 717型强碱性阴离子交换树脂交换 ,将该染料富集于树脂上 ,用树脂相分光光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根。其最大吸收波长位于 5 0 0 nm,方法的表观摩尔吸光系数为 2 .0× 10 5 L· (mol· cm) - 1 ,对 1.0 g树脂亚硝酸根的浓度在 0 .35～ 6 .0 μg· (2 5 m L) - 1范围内符合比尔定律。该法运用于水样及生物样品中痕量亚硝酸根的测定 ,相对标准偏差为 0 .1%～ 1.7% ,加标回收率为 90 .0 %～ 10 4.2 % ,结果令人满意     

二溴邻硝基苯基荧光酮催化光度法测定粉煤灰中痕量锰

研究了在pH 1 0 .0的NH3 ·H2 O NH4Cl缓冲溶液中 ,痕量Mn(Ⅱ )催化过氧化氢氧化二溴邻硝基苯基荧光酮 (DBoN PFO)的显色反应 ,建立了测定痕量锰的催化光度新方法。催化程度与Mn(Ⅱ )量在 0 .0～ 5 0 .0 μg/L范围内呈线性关系 ,方法的检出限为 1 .1× 1 0 -8g/L。方法已用于粉煤灰中痕量锰的测定     

催化退色光度法测定煤矸石中痕量钒

研究了在 p H2 .9的柠檬酸 -柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液中 ,V( )催化过氧化氢氧化结晶紫的退色反应 ,建立了一种高灵敏、高选择性测量痕量 V( )的新方法。方法的检出限为 0 .1 8μg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为 3 .9× 1 0 5L· mol-1· cm-1,催化程度与 V( )量在 0～ 1 0 0 μg/L范围内符合比尔定律。方法用于测定煤矸石中痕量钒 ,结果满意     

浮选光度法测定饮用水中亚硝酸根

基于亚硝酸根在弱酸性的条件下重氮化反应 ,重氮化盐再与 N,N-二甲基苯胺进行偶合反应 ,生成黄色甲基橙 ,酸化后甲基橙变成红色 ,用十二烷基硫酸钠浮选富集 ,在正丁醇中收集浮选液 ,进行分光光度测定 ,从而求得亚硝酸根的含量。摩尔吸光系数ε为 9.7× 1 0 4L/ mol· cm(正丁醇为溶剂 ) ,亚硝酸根的浓度在 0 .0 4 1～ 0 .0 0 4 1μg/ m L与吸光度有良好的线性关系。该法可检出纯净水中痕量亚硝酸根的含量     

溴酸钾氧化溴甲酚绿催化光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

基于磷酸介质中亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化溴甲酚绿的褪色反应,建立测量痕量亚硝酸根的新方法,方法检测限为1.36×10-6g/L,线性范围为0.012～0.08μg/mL,方法已用于水中亚硝酸根的测定.     

甲基橙反应体系新用途——光度法测定亚硝酸根

基于亚硝酸根重氮化反应后生成甲基橙 ,用分光光度法进行测定。与传统甲基橙合成反应不同的是 ,此反应可在常温下短时间内快速完成。有色物质的摩尔吸光系数为 4.38× 1 0 4L/( mol·cm) ,方法的相对标准偏差为 0 .2 1 % ,方法回收率 1 0 0 .5 % ,亚硝酸氮的浓度在 0 .0 1 6～ 0 .1 6μg/m L与吸光度有良好的线性关系。     

催化动力学分光光度法测定痕量锰(Ⅱ)

研究了硫酸介质中 ,痕量锰催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫褪色反应及其动力学条件 ,建立了催化动力学测定痕量锰的新方法。Mn(Ⅱ )的测定线性范围 0～ 1μg/ 2 5mL和 1～ 5 μg/ 2 5mL ,检出限 1 2× 10 -9g·mL-1。用于食品痕量Mn(Ⅱ )的测定 ,结果满意。     

吸光光度法测定铁-铬系催化剂中铈的含量

以对乙氧基偶氮胂作显色剂 ,直接测定铁 -铬系催化剂中铈的含量。铈含量在 0～ 50 μg/2 5mL范围内符合比尔定律。铈的最低检测限为 2 μg/2 5mL ,摩尔吸光系数ε =3.80× 1 0 4 L/mol·cm ,铈的回收率为 99.4%～ 1 0 1 .4%。本法简便、快速、可靠 ,铁、铬离子的存在对氧化铈的测定无干扰。     

正交设计试验研究二安替比林对乙氧基苯基甲烷与钒(Ⅴ)的超高灵敏显色反应

以正交试验设计法研究了二安替比林对乙氧基苯基甲烷 (DAp EM)试剂与微量钒 ( )的超高灵敏显色反应 ,建立了测定钒 ( )的新体系。该体系的灵敏度为 ε=8.30× 10 6 L· mol- 1· cm- 1 ,线性范围为 2 .0 0～ 10 .0μg· L- 1 ,对测定 0 .2 0 μg· (2 5 m L) - 1 V( ) ,抗主要离子干扰量为 :Fe3+ ,Cu2 + (10 μg) ;Ce( ) (5 μg) ;F- (0 .5μg)。与单因素轮换法建立的体系相比 ,灵敏度和选择性有了很大的改善。该方法测定中草药样品中微量钒 ( )含量 ,结果满意     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.