UV/Fenton氧化法对苯酚氧化效果的实验研究

研究UV/Fenton氧化法中各个因素对降解水中苯酚的影响,确定UV/Fenton法处理苯酚废水的工艺条件。保持UV/Fenton体系的基准条件不变,通过改变H2O2浓度、n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)、废水初始pH值等实验条件,考察这些因素对UV/Fenton法处理苯酚废水效果的影响。结果表明:UV/Fen-ton氧化法对苯酚废水有较好的去除效果和较高的反应速率。当废水初始pH值为3.0时,经30 min的反应,苯酚去除率达到99%,COD去除率达到86%。但是苯酚废水COD去除率滞后于苯酚去除率。UV/Fenton法能够在较短的时间内去除苯酚和COD,H2O2浓度、n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)对处理效果影响较大,H2O2浓度决定苯酚去除率和COD去除率,而n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)是影响降解速率的主导因素。     

O_3/UV工艺处理印染废水二级出水的试验研究

采用O3/UV工艺对生化处理后的低浓度印染污水进行处理。结果显示,对于初始pH值为7.4的500 mL废水,在臭氧投加量为33.75 mg,UV灯为10 W的条件下,O3/UV工艺的UV254去除率和COD cr去除率分别比单独臭氧工艺提高了30.6%,23.5%。相比于单独臭氧工艺,O3/UV工艺处理出水的有机物中,易氧化有机物的比例较大;废水pH值对单独臭氧工艺有较大的影响,对O3/UV工艺的影响较小;叔丁醇的加入,降低了O3/UV工艺的去除率。     

UV/O3氧化处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水

用紫外光催化-臭氧(UV/O3)氧化处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水,考察了pH、初始COD、臭氧投加量等因素的影响.结果表明:由于钻井废水中含有羟基自由基可清除碳酸氢根离子,所以钻井废水UV/O3氧化在pH为3.0时的效果好于中性和碱性条件;初始浓度的降低和臭氧投加量的增多均可提高UV/O3氧化去除钻井废水COD的速率,但是随着臭氧投加量的增多,相应的臭氧指数(OI)显著增大.当臭氧投加量为810 mg/h时,氧化60min COD可从647mg/L降至96mg/L,但臭氧指数高达4.52,显得并不经济.由于UV/O3氧化可大大提高钻井废水的可生化性,所以可以先用UV/O3预氧化钻井废水,然后再用生物法处理,这样可大幅降低处理费用.     

几种高级氧化技术在焦化废水深度处理中的应用比选

采用O3、CIO2及Fenton试剂为氧化剂对焦化废水的生化出水进行深度处理,考察了这3种技术对废水COD及UV254的去除效果.并从氧化能力,有无二次污染、投资及运行费用等方面对这3种技术进行了比较,确定出O3氧化为最适宜的工艺.     

UV/O_3工艺深度降解印染废水的研究

采用UV/O3工艺对印染废水进行了深度降解实验研究。结果表明,UV/O3对印染废水COD的去除效果明显大于O3及UV单独作用的简单加和,UV和O3之间存在协同效应。在pH值为5、O3流量为13 L.h-1、紫外光强度为80 W、辐射时间为120 min的条件下,UV/O3工艺处理印染废水效果较好,对色度及COD的去除率分别达到97%和90%。     

O3/H2O2深度处理制药废水二级出水试验研究

采用O3/H2O2氧化工艺深度处理制药废水二级生化出水,探讨了废水初始pH、H2O2投加量、O3投加量等因素对O3/H2O2氧化工艺的影响,确定了O3/H2O2氧化技术处理制药废水的最佳操作条件。结果表明,制药废水二级出水COD在480 mg/L左右时,pH为9,进臭氧质量浓度为1 247 mg/(L.h),处理时间为4.5h,COD去除率可达83%,B/C(BOD5/COD)从初始的0.007提升到0.32,较原水增高了46倍,大大提高了制药废水的生化性能,便于后续的生物处理。     

O3/H2O2协同氧化处理焦化废水中的残余有机物

针对已经达标的焦化废水中存在的残余有机物,考察O3/H2O2氧化工艺的有效性并期望实现工业循环水水质目标的工艺条件。以实际达标排放的焦化废水水样作为研究对象,在自行设计的圆柱形鼓泡反应器中建立了O3与H2O2协同氧化反应体系,通过试验明确了O3浓度、H2O2投加量、溶液pH值、自由基抑制剂等因素对有机物降解的影响规律。结果表明：在水温为25 ℃时、水样pH值为7.0、臭氧浓度为11.01 mg/L、H2O2浓度为1.0 mmol/L的条件下,反应30 min后O3/H2O2氧化工艺对COD和UV254的去除率分别达到78.1%和83.7%,相比单独O3氧化分别提高了14.3%和4.1%,达到了良好的处理效果。pH值的变化及TBA的添加能很大程度地影响着·OH的生成从而影响氧化反应的进行,表明了复杂组分共存的废水其氧化反应顺序由有机物的不饱和性及氧化剂的氧化还原电位决定。     

改性粉煤灰处理奥里油废水的实验研究

初步分析了奥里油废水的水质,研究了用酸改性粉煤灰处理奥里油废水的工艺。奥里油废水是一种含有一定表面活性剂、高COD值(大于6000 mg/L)、难生物降解和难O3氧化降解的炼油废水。利用改酸性粉煤灰可对该废水进行预处理,COD去除率达45%。预处理工艺条件是,室温下灰水质量比15∶50,吸附搅拌时间30 min,pH为2~10。     

酸性嫩黄染料废水臭氧氧化处理的试验研究

依据臭氧高级氧化的机理,在实验室反应器中通过实验考察在臭氧氧化处理酸性嫩黄染料废水过程中,控制不同的O3投加量、废水的初始pH值、H2O2与O3摩尔比对酸性嫩黄染料废水的色度和COD去除率的影响。结果显示：O3高级氧化能够有效降解酸性嫩黄染料废水,体系中投加H2O2可以提高降解速率,缩短处理时间,降低O3耗量。在pH=7的条件下,单一臭氧氧化30min时,废水的色度和COD去除率分别为100％和57．1％;而提高废水的pH值有助于提高COD去除率。O3／H2O2氧化工艺,适宜的H2O2与O3摩尔比为0．6,氧化处理30min废水的COD去除率可达73．3％。     

物化-生化工艺处理窗饰喷涂废水工程实例

窗饰喷涂废水COD和氨氮含量较高,以某企业60 m3/d污水处理项目为例,对不同工艺废水采用物化方法(Fenton氧化、中和、混凝沉淀)分质预处理后,利用水解酸化+接触氧化+MBR工艺处理综合废水.实验结果表明,Fenton氧化工艺最佳运行条件为H2O2投加量为80 mL/L,n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)为3:1,初始pH为3.0,反应时间为80 min.近1 a的工程运行结果表明:物化预处理工艺段对废水中COD的去除率可达40％,有效降低了生物处理工艺的负荷,整个工艺处理出水COD低于200 mg/L,氨氮低于20 mg/L,出水水质达到接管要求,污水处理系统运行成本为19.63元/m3.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。