主动脉内球囊反搏在高危急性心肌梗死患者PCI治疗临床观察

目的：观察合并有低血压状态或心源性休克或泵衰竭的高危急性心肌梗死患者PCI治疗过程中，辅助应用主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）的临床疗效及安全性。方法：选择合并有低血压状态或心源性休克或泵衰竭的高危急性心肌梗死患者73例为研究对象，观察应用IABP前后血流动力学变化及其安全性。结果：73例患者应用IABP后血流动力学情况得到不同程度改善，临床症状明显好转。结论：主动脉内球囊反搏对高危急性心肌梗死有较好的临床疗效，减少血管再闭塞率，缓解泵衰竭，降低了死亡率，增加冠脉介入治疗的安全性，提高手术成功率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏治疗围生期心肌病并发心源性休克6例分析

目的评价主动脉内球囊反搏治疗围生期心肌病并发心源性休克的临床疗效。方法对6例围生期心肌病并发心源性休克患者在常规治疗基础上应用主动脉内球囊反搏治疗,观察患者使用主动脉内球囊反搏前后临床症状改善情况及各项检测指标(EF、HR、MAP、CVP)的变化。结果 6例患者病情迅速控制或好转,由烦躁转为安静,心率、呼吸频率减慢,血压恢复正常,肺部啰音减少,均好转出院。结论主动脉内球囊反搏治疗围生期心肌病并发心源性休克,可明显的改善患者的血流动力学状态及临床表现,提高患者存活率,提高患者生活质量,疗效显著。     

主动脉内球囊反搏辅助治疗急性心肌梗死患者的监测与护理

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏泵的监测与护理。方法对28例急性心肌梗死并发泵衰竭患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏泵的临床和护理资料进行回顾分析。结果本组患者治疗后血流动力学指标明显好转,血管活性药物用量减少,26例抢救成功,2例死亡。结论治疗过程中严密监测病情变化,做好管道的护理,防止并发症,是患者救治成功的关键。     

主动脉球囊反搏在老年急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用

目的探讨主动脉球囊反搏在老年急性冠状动脉综合征中的应用效果。方法选取本院2007年10月-2014年4月收治的38例老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者作为研究对象,针对不同病情与治疗情况,采用主动脉球囊反搏治疗,观察治疗前后的血流动力学、并发症等。结果 5例（13.16%）患者院内死亡,11例（28.95%）患者出院1年后死亡。男女两组患者的病情特征及预后比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;心源性休克与非心源性休克患者的院内死亡率与1年后死亡率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;通过主动脉球囊反搏治疗后,患者的血流动力学好转,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;3例患者血小板计数进行性下降,2例球囊破裂,并未出现严重并发症。结论对急性冠状动脉综合征患者,特别是合并心源性休克或血流动力学不稳定的患者,采用主动脉球囊反搏治疗能够促进血流动力学状态的稳定,争取足够的时间为患者进行血运重建,进而降低死亡率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏术在冠状动脉搭桥中的应用(3例临床分析)

目的总结主动脉内球囊反搏术在冠状动脉搭桥术后的临床应用。方法回顾性的研究和总结2005年1月1日到2007年1月1日两年间,本院共行冠状动脉搭桥术39例,术后应用主动脉内球囊反搏3例,应用率7.69%。其中2例是应用在冠状动脉搭桥术后严重低心排,两种或两种以上血管活性药用量达到中到大量,平均动脉压仍低于60mm Hg,小便量<40mL/h,及时积极地应用主动脉内球囊反搏。1例是PTCA术后,急性心功能衰竭,急诊冠状动脉搭桥,术后出现严重的低心排综合征,应用主动脉内球囊反搏。应用时间24～72h。其中2例使用ECG的R波触发,1例由于ECG干扰大,使用动脉波触发。结果主动脉内球囊反搏应用1h后,平均动脉压升高,舒张压升高,中心静脉压降低,小便量增加,并能渐渐减小血管活性药物的用量。无1例严重并发症。3例死亡1例,2例应用主动脉内球囊反搏后,低心排现象得到明显纠正,顺利撤去主动脉内球囊反搏,转出ICU治疗。结论危重的冠状动脉搭桥患者,应及时积极地应用主动脉内球囊反搏,能有效地降低此类患者的死亡率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏紧急救治高危冠心病心源性休克1例

196 8年,kantrowitz[1] 等首次临床应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)取得了成功,随着主动脉内球囊反搏器械和装置的不断更新,质量不断改善与提高,应用范围不断扩大,并发症显著下降,现已成为抢救心源性休克、心脏直视手术后不能脱离人工心肺机或术后发生低心排血量综合征等危重病人的有效手段。最近,我科遇到1例高危冠心病人,术前心功能差(EF <30 % ) ,择期PTCA及支架术后第2天突发泵衰竭、心源性休克。经大剂量多巴胺并联用多巴酚丁胺,血流动力学仍难以稳定,立即决定应用IABP ,同时合用多巴胺2 0 μg/kg·min ,0 .5h后血流动力学明显改善,…     

主动脉内球囊反搏联合静脉替罗非班用于急诊冠状动脉介入的治疗

急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者一旦并发心源性休克(CS),其住院期间病死率高达80%～100%[1].尽早行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗,是目前治疗AMI的首选方法.但是,对于存在严重血流动力学障碍的患者行PCI,风险大、病死率高.目前,主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)作为一种有效的血流动力学辅助技术越来越多地被用于AMI合并CS患者.本研究旨在观察该类患者行PCI治疗时联合应用IABP及静脉替罗非班的疗效.     

冠脉搭桥术后应用主动脉内球囊反搏的护理

目的 分析在冠脉搭桥术(CABG)中应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)的护理要点.方法 选择我院2015年1月至12月收治的20例进行冠脉搭桥术的患者作为研究对象,将应用IABP前的患者情况设为对照组,将应用IABP后的患者情况设为观察组,分析20例患者的心排指数、尿量、中心静脉压、平均动脉压、心率、舒张压、收缩压等心功能指标,同时观察患者应用IABP前后的症状与临床反应.结果 应用主动脉内球囊反搏后,18例患者的心功能指标明显好于应用护理前,2例患者与之前无明显差距;20例患者中,有5例患者因肺部感染和心力衰竭抢救无效死亡,其余患者皆痊愈出院.应用IABP前后情况比较差异显著(P<0.05).结论 冠脉搭桥术患者应用主动脉内球囊有利于改善患者术后心肌缺氧情况,可以增加冠脉血流,推动心肌血液循环,增强患者的恢复效果,值得在临床中推广.     

血流动力学支持设备在心源性休克中应用的研究进展

血流动力学支持设备可以改善心源性休克患者紊乱的血流动力学状态,以确保急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者实现有效再灌注治疗,故其在心源性休克患者治疗中的地位日趋重要。该文旨在讨论不同血流动力学支持设备在心源性休克中应用的优缺点,进而为临床中血流动力学支持设备的选择提供相关依据。血流动力学支持设备中主动脉内球囊反搏是目前临床中应用最多且相对最成熟的;Tandem Heart及Impella设备在逆转心源性休克的代谢参数及血流动力学方面优于主动脉内球囊反搏治疗,且其创伤小无需体外循环;而体外膜氧合器在急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克治疗中的循证医学依据尚不充足,需要更大规模的临床研究来证实其临床作用。     

主动脉内球囊反搏治疗心源性休克41例疗效分析

目的探讨主动脉内球囊反搏治疗心源性休克的临床疗效。方法选择深圳市宝安区人民医院2008年2月至2009年10月心源性休克患者82例,将以上患者随机分为两组,观察组和对照组。其中对照组采用常规抗休克治疗。观察组行主动脉内球囊反搏术治疗。治疗后评定两组临床治疗效果。结果两组患者的显效率比较,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;两组患者总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论主动脉内球囊反搏术可以显著改善心源性休克患者临床症状,加快患者血流动力学改善,能够降低住院期间病死率,临床治疗效果显著,值得借鉴。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.