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水稻白叶枯病抗性基因的发掘及在育种中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
白叶枯病是水稻生产中最具危害性的病害之一。控制白叶枯病最有效的方式就是培育抗病品种。一直以来,生产中利用的抗白叶枯病品种其抗性基本上都是由主基因控制,然而由于白叶枯病菌的小种专化性,携有垂直抗性基因,特别是单基因的品种容易丧失抗性,所以只有采取基因轮换、多基因聚合等方式才能有效防止抗白叶枯病品种丧失抗性,而不断进行抗白叶枯病新基因的发掘则是开展相关工作的前提。本文对白叶枯病抗性基因的发掘、定位及分子标记开发的最新进展进行了概述;并介绍了国内外在分子标记辅助选择利用白叶枯病抗性主基因改良水稻抗白叶枯病方面的进展;最后鉴于目前在利用白叶枯病抗性主基因方面存在的问题进行了归纳,并提出了相应对策。 相似文献
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中国杂交水稻白叶枯病抗性的遗传改良 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20
20世纪80年代,中国杂交水稻抗白叶枯病育种进展迅速。在大面积种植的籼型三系和两系杂交稻中主要应用白叶枯病抗性基因Xa4,白叶枯病在生产中几乎“销声匿迹”了20年。但近年来,此病害却在长江流域一些种植新组合的稻田里又爆发了。什么原因引起它再度流行?品种的抗性是否还有效?抗病育种是否还是水稻改良的主要目标之一?通过哪些途径才能更有效地利用抗病基因培育出更为持久的抗性品种?为回答这些问题,就我国杂交水稻对白叶枯病抗性的改良,寄主与病菌群体的互动演变效应进行了分析,讨论了拓宽抗性遗传基础、白叶枯病菌毒性群体结构、基因轮换、合理利用基因等问题。 在采用了包括传统方法、分子标记辅助选择和转基因技术的综合策略后,杂交水稻抗白叶枯病育种研究将出现新的局面。 相似文献
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利用长雄野生稻地下茎无性繁殖特性培育多年生稻已经成功,并在生产上进行了示范推广。为明确多年生稻品种(系)对白叶枯病的抗性表现,通过田间病情调查、抗性水平鉴定和水稻白叶枯病抗性基因检测3种方法,对多年生稻品种(系)多年生稻23(简称PR23,下同)、云大24(PR24)、云大25(PR25)、云大101(PR101)、云大107(PR107)及其父本长雄野生稻、母本RD23和F1(RD23/长雄野生稻)的白叶枯病抗性进行评价。结果表明,长雄野生稻高抗白叶枯病;尽管PR23、PR24、PR25、PR107携带白叶枯病抗性基因Xa1、Xa4、Xa23、xa25的等位基因,但在田间自然发病条件下均易感白叶枯病,说明这几个抗性基因对这4个多年生稻品种(系)不起抗病作用;而PR101在田间自然发病条件下表现为抗白叶枯病,并含有白叶枯病抗性等位基因xa25、Xa27,说明这2个基因可能是PR101抗白叶枯病的基因。本研究结果为明确多年生稻对白叶枯病菌的抗病反应,以及抗白叶枯病育种和多年生稻生产布局提供了一定依据。 相似文献
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疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病新基因的初步鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以10个菲律宾白叶枯病菌小种和1个中国白叶枯病菌小种为供试菌系,以高感白叶枯病水稻品种IR24及携有不同抗白叶枯病基因的近等基因系IRBB1等16个材料作为参照,对粳稻品种8411/疣粒野生稻体细胞杂交获得的两个抗白叶枯病新种质SH5和SH76进行了白叶枯病抗谱鉴定。结果表明SH5和SH76在苗期的抗谱较广,并且与已知抗病基因的抗谱不同,但与IRBB5(xa5)和IRBB7(Xa7)相似。分别用xa5和Xa7的分子标记2F_1R和M5进行检测,确定SH5和SH76中不含有xa5和Xa7基因。初步推测SH5、SH76可能含有一个新的抗病基因或者一个连锁的基因簇群。 相似文献
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CecropinB与Xa21基因共表达提高转基因水稻白叶枯病抗性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了探明CecropinB与Xa21这两种不同抗病途径的基因单独或共表达后的田间抗白叶枯病表现,利用农杆菌转化技术,获得了这两个基因的单独和共表达后的植株。利用PCR等分子鉴定技术,证明这两个基因已经整合到水稻基因组中。抗病性检测结果表明,Xa21和CecropinB均能提高水稻对白叶枯病的抗性,且Xa21的抗病性较CecropinB明显。Xa21和CecropinB基因共表达后的植株的抗病性比单基因的更强,说明将不同抗性机制的基因共表达,可以在育种上利用以提高水稻的白叶枯病抗性。 相似文献
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中国科学院遗传所、中国农科院作物所、扬州大学农学院合作课题“抗白叶枯病基因Xa21转入我国杂交水稻”已通过成果鉴定。该研究构建了农杆菌介导的水稻Xa21基因转化系统 ,利用该系统成功地将我国科学家参与克隆的Xa21基因转入我国8个水稻品种 (包括生产上大面积推广的杂交稻恢复系、不育系和保持系 ) ,在不同的遗传背景下 ,Xa21均保留了对白叶枯病的高度抗性和广谱抗性。分子分析和抗性分析表明通过 ,筛选获得的单拷贝Xa21基因在水稻中的遗传符合孟德尔规律 ,并已稳定遗传到T3或T4代。该研究还建立了Xa21转基… 相似文献
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Since 1980s,rice breeding for resistance to bacterial blight has been rapidly progressing in China. The gene Xa4 was mainly used in three-line indica hybrid and two-line hybrid rice. The disease has been ‘quiet’ for 20 years in China,yet in recent years it has gradually emerged and been prevalent in fields planted with newly released rice varieties in the Changjiang River valley. Under the circumstances,scientists inevitably raised several questions:what causes the resurgence and what should we do next? And... 相似文献
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R. Abdul Fiyaz D. Shivani K. Chaithanya K. Mounika M. Chiranjeevi G. S. Laha B. C. Viraktamath L. V. Subba Rao R. M. Sundaram 《水稻科学》2022,29(2):118-132
The production and productivity of rice has been challenged due to biotic and abiotic factors. Bacterial blight (BB) disease, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the important biotic stress factors, which reduces rice production by 20%–50%. The deployment of host plant resistance is the most preferred strategy for management of BB disease, and breeding disease resistant varieties remains a very economical and effective option. However, it is difficult to develop rice varieties with durable broad-spectrum resistance against BB using conventional approaches alone. Modern biotechnological tools, particularly the deployment of molecular markers, have facilitated the cloning, characterization and introgression of BB resistance genes into elite varieties. At least 46 BB resistance genes have been identified and mapped from diverse sources till date. Among these, 11 genes have been cloned and characterized. Marker-assisted breeding remains the most efficient approach to improve BB resistance by introducing two or more resistance genes into target varieties. Among the identified genes, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 are being widely used in marker-assisted breeding and more than 70 rice varieties or hybrid rice parental lines have been improved for their BB resistance alone or in combination with genes/QTLs conferring tolerance to other stress. We review the developments related to identification and utilization of various resistance genes to develop BB resistant rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. 相似文献
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HUANG Qi-na # YANG Yang SHI Yong-feng CHEN Jie WU Jian-li State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou China College of Life Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 《水稻科学》2010,17(4):247-256
Many rice spotted-leaf(spl) mutants are ideal sources for understanding the mechanisms involved in blast resistance,bacterial blight resistance and programmed cell death in plants.The genetic controls of 50 spotted-leaf mutants in rice have been characterized and a few spotted-leaf genes have been isolated as well.This article reviews the origin,genetic modes,isolation and characterization of spotted-leaf genes responsible for their phenotypes,and their resistance responses to main rice diseases. 相似文献
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Luo Yanchang Ma Tingchen Joanne Teo Luo Zhixiang Li Zefu Yang Jianbo Yin Zhongchao 《水稻科学》2021,28(1):89-98
Rice line 1892S is an elite thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(TGMS)line for two-line hybrid rice production.However,1892S is susceptible to rice blast,bacterial blight and submergence.Here we reported the introduction of blast resistance(R)gene Pi9,bacterial blight R gene Xa21 and submergence tolerance gene Sub1A into 1892S genetic background through backcrossing and marker-assisted selection.The improved TGMS line 31892S and its hybrids conferred disease resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight,and showed submergence tolerance for over 14 d without significant loss of viability.The sterility-fertility conversion of 31892S was similar to that of 1892S.31892S and its derived hybrid rice had similar agronomic traits and grain quality with 1892S and the control hybrid rice,respectively.The newly developed 31892S provided an improved TGMS line for two-line hybrid rice production with disease resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight,and submergence tolerance with no yield penalty or change in grain quality. 相似文献
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