印染废水的UV-Fenton氧化处理研究

对光助－Fenton氧化技术处理印染废水的主要操作条件及其对处理效果的影响进行了实验研究：主要考察了Fe^2 和H2O2的投加量及投加比、温度、投加方式等对色度和CODcr去除率的影响。实验结果显示,光助－Fenton氧化反应对CODcr和色度都有比较好的去除效果。在H2O2投加量为1Qth(H2O2理论投加量）,Fe^2 :H2O2=1:20,25℃ ,初始pH为6．0的情况下反应60分析,色度去除率可达95．8％以上。CODcr去除率达到72．7％。针对污染物光助－Fenton氧化反应的特性,建立了相应的动力学模型,这些模型能较好地解释实验结果。     

Fenton试剂预处理阿奇霉素废水实验研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化阿奇霉素废水,以活性污泥的好氧呼吸速率（OUR）为指标。通过正交实验对Fenton试剂氧化的几种影响因素进行了分析,得出了影响因素的次序：初始pH值〉反应时间〉H2O2的投加量〉双氧水与Fe^2＋的物质的量比;反应初始pH值为7．0、反应时间为60min、H2O2的投加量为2．4mmol／L、双氧水与Fe^2＋的物质的量比为5：1时,OUR值能够从0提高到0．55mg／（g·min）,阿奇霉素废水的可生化性提高效果最佳,有利于后续的生物处理。     

UV/Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水

采用UV/Fenton氧化和生化组合技术处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水.当用UV/Fenton氧化单独处理时,其合适的条件为n(H2O2):n(Fe2 )=40:1,pH为3～5.采用B/C和生化呼吸曲线两种方法评价了UV/Fenton氧化后水样的可生化性,结果表明钻井废水经氧化后可生化性大幅提高.采用UV/Fenton氧化和生化组合技术处理钻井废水,在预氧化阶段投加0.60th mg·L-1(理论投加量)和1.0Qth mg·L-1双氧水时,COD总去除率分别为82.5%和87.3%,出水可达国家一级排放标准.组合技术和单独氧化法相比,既提高了处理效率,又大大节省了双氧水的投加量.     

电Fenton法处理染料废水的研究

采用电Fenton法预处理染料废水,对影响COD及色度去除率的各种因素,包括内电解反应的初始pH值、铁的投加量、铁炭投加比,Fenton试剂氧化处理过程中初始pH值、H2O2的投加量及投加方式、反应时间等进行了研究。结果表明,内电解反应的最佳条件为：pH值为3．0,铁的投加量为25g/L,Fe／C为1：1．3;Fenton试剂氧化处理染料废水的最佳条件为：H2O2投加量为30mmol／L,pH值为内电解出水pH值（4．0左右）,反应时间为50min。COD去除率可达58％,色度去除率可达95％以上,B／C的值也由原来的0．08提高到0．36左右。     

光助Fenton体系对酸性大红GR的实验研究

研究Fenton的光催化氧化对以酸性大红GR的模拟废水的处理，在300W的中压汞灯照射下，该体系对初始浓度为120mg/L染料溶液处理30min，降解达86．4％。对影响反应的主要因素进行了分析。结果表明，光助Fenton体系可有效的净化含染料废水。     

Fenton+水解酸化-好氧生化组合工艺处理液晶显示屏清洗废水

采用Fenton试剂氧化法作为液晶显示屏清洗废水的物化预处理工艺,探讨了H2O2投加量、反应初始p H、反应时间以及H2O2与Fe SO4的投加量比对Fenton试剂氧化效果的影响。结果表明,Fenton试剂对该废水预处理的优化反应条件为:质量分数30%的双氧水投加量1.0 m L/L,反应初始p H为3,反应时间180 min,n(H2O2):n(Fe SO4)为5:1。经过Fenton试剂氧化预处理后的废水通过水解酸化-好氧生化处理后,COD和TOC的生化去除率分别达到94%和93%以上;且经过Fenton试剂氧化预处理后,水解酸化-好氧生化系统的COD容积负荷NV由原来直接生化的0.3~0.35 kg/(m3·d)提高至0.45~0.55 kg/(m3·d)。     

粉煤灰吸附与Fenton氧化联合处理焦化废水的研究

利用粉煤灰作为吸附剂,分别对生化处理前焦化废水和生化处理后焦化废水进行了吸附处理,并将处理效果进行了对比,考察了pH值,药剂投加量,吸附时间,吸附温度等因素对处理效果的影响,得出最佳处理条件为:废水pH值为5左右时,每100 mL废水中加入6 g粉煤灰,吸附时间为40 min,处理后焦化废水的COD和色度可达污水综合排放标准(GB8978—96)中二级排放标准。对吸附处理后的焦化废水利用Fenton试剂进一步氧化处理,每升废水中投加1.40 g FeSO_4,1 mL质量分数为30%双氧水,氧化30 min后,废水中COD、色度以及含油量均达到污水综合排放标准(GB8978—96)中一级排放标准,并且此种处理方法比单独用Fenton氧化法处理,每升废水可节约3 mL双氧水和4.2 g FeSO_4,大大减少了药剂使用量,减少了废水处理的成本。     

湿式氧化法处理厌氧废水实验研究

经化学分析糖蜜酒精废液厌氧制沼气废水水质：CODCr：34507.9mg/L 34507．9mg／L、TOC：8600mg／L，色度大且有恶臭气味。采用双氧水作氧化剂和废水中过量Fe^2＋组成Fenton试剂湿式氧化处理该废水。实验显示：在20min内，CODcr和TOC去除率分别可达97．2％和85.5％,而且能够同时脱色和除臭。湿式氧化处理的效果和速度受反应温度、双氧水投加量、废水初始pH值等因素的影响．但pH值是最敏感的因素。较理想条件是：106℃、双氧水理论用量的2倍和pH值为2-4。     

UV/Fenton处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水

采用UV/Fenton氧化处理磺化泥浆体系钻井废水,考察了H2O2和Fe2 物质的量比、H2O2投加量和pH值等对废水处理的影响.结果表明,UV/Fenton氧化不仅能有效去除钻井废水中的有机污染物,还可提高钻井废水的可生化性.随着H202投加量的增加,有机污染物去除率也相应的提高.当H2O2投加量为理论值的1.5倍(1.5 Qth)时,反应180 min,化学需氧量(COD)可从586 mg/L降到90 mg/L,去除率达到84.6%,出水COD符合国家一级排放标准;当H2O2投加量为0.6 Qth时,反应30 min,生化需氧量和化学需氧量的比值(BOD/COD)可从0.03提高到0.45.增大Fe2 投加量可提高有机污染物降解速率,但不能增加COD的去除率.反应适宜的pH值为3～5.建立了有机污染物降解动力学模型,模型和实验结果符合较好.     

Fenton氧化法预处理制药废水实验研究

制药行业产生的废水污染物浓度高、生化性差、含有毒有害物质较多,采用Fenton氧化法对其进行预处理。Fenton氧化实验探讨了H2O2和Fe SO4投加量、初始反应p H、反应时间等因素对该废水预处理效果的影响。结果表明,Fenton氧化实验最适宜条件为:H2O2(浓度30%)投加量350 m L/L,Fe SO4(浓度15%)投加量300 m L/L,初始反应p H为2.41,反应时间为100 min。原水COD去除率高达90.61%,预处理水样COD达到3579.4 mg/L,可以使后续生物处理的难度大大减少,满足了后续生化处理对进水浓度的要求。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。