A comprehensive investigation of loading variance influence on fuel consumption and gas emissions in mine haulage operation

The data collected from haul truck payload management systems at various surface mines show that the payload variance is significant and must be considered in analysing the mine productivity, diesel energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and associated costs. The aim of this study is to determine the energy and cost saving opportunities for truck haulage operations associated with the payload variance in surface mines. The results indicate that there is a non-linear relationship between the payload variance and the fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and associated costs. A correlation model, which is independent of haul road conditions, has been developed between the payload variance and the cost saving using the data from an Australian surface coal mine. The results of analysis for this particular mine show that a significant saving of fuel and greenhouse gas emissions costs is possible if the standard deviation of payload is reduced from the maximum to minimum value.     

露天矿生产地质信息管理系统的开发与应用

该系统是一套集地质数据采集与处理、地质模型构建、地质储量计算以及地质绘图等内外业为一体的软件系统。系统采用加权最小二乘拟合法进行估值计算,并结合交互技术实现地质结构与构造的处理与描述,建立了各种地质信息数据库,应用ActiveX Automation技术,深入开发了AutoCAD图形平台,建立了地质绘图系统,为露天矿生产、计划和管理提供矿体赋存几何形态、矿体地质储量、地层结构与构造、岩层 性的空间分布等信息。     

Simulation and optimization approach for uncertainty-based short-term planning in open pit mines

Accuracy in predictions leads to better planning with a minimum of opportunity lost. In open pit mining,the complexity of operations, coupled with a highly uncertain and dynamic production environment,limit the accuracy of predictions and force a reactive planning approach to mitigate deviations from original plans. A simulation optimization framework/tool is presented in this paper to account for uncertainties in mining operations for robust short-term production planning and proactive decision making. This framework/tool uses a discrete event simulation model of mine operations, which interacts with a goalprogramming based mine operational optimization tool to develop an uncertainty based short-term schedule. Using scenario analysis, this framework allows the planner to make proactive decisions to achieve the mine's operational and long-term objectives. This paper details the development of simulation and optimization models and presents the implementation of the framework on an iron ore mine case study for verification through scenario analysis.     

露天煤矿生产与生态重建一体化系统模型

根据露天煤矿生态重建系统的特点 ,建立了相应的 5个子模型 ,并利用系统动力学原理探讨了这些子模型之间的因果关系 ,从一个新的角度提出了解决露天煤矿生态重建复杂巨系统的优化方法 .     

露天开采规划决策系统及其应用

介绍了露天开采规划决策系统的基本功能，应用该系统建立了某露天矿的地质模型和采矿模型，进而在地质资源综合评价的基础上，对首采区的开采程序进行了多方案的模拟开采，应用动态经济评价方法对之进行技术经济分析和比选，最后对优选的开采方案进行了中长期的规划，这为该矿的合理开发奠定了基础．实践证明，该系统具有较强的实用性和通用性，可以作为露天矿优化决策的有效工具。     

Multi-objective Comprehensive Optimum Study of Computer-Controlled Truck Dispatching

According to the demand of modern surface mine production, production, a multi-objective optimum dispatchingmodel is set up in this paper, it includes overall comprehensive optimal model, the goal programming model to optimize truck fleet in mine haulage system, and the selection of real time dispatching criteria. A surface coal mineis studied as a case in a built system simulation mantel, and the simulation result shows that the model is correct.     

Optimization of the catch bench design using a genetic algorithm

Rockfalls are one of the hazards that may be associated with open pit mining. The majority of rockfalls occur due to the existing conditions of slopes, such as back break, fractures and joints. Constructing a berm on the catch bench is a popular method for the mitigation of rockfall hazards in open pit mining.The width of the catch bench and the height of the berm play a major role in the open pit bench design.However, there is no systematic method currently available to optimize the size of these parameters. This study proposes a novel methodology which calculates the optimum catch bench width by integrating the rockfall simulation model and genetic algorithm into a Simulation-Optimization Model. The proposed methodology is useful when used to determine the minimum catch bench width, or the maximum overall slope angle, insuring that a sufficient factor of safety of the slope is included while maximizing the overall profitability of the open pit mine.     

利用SSL VPN实现卡车调度系统中的远程设备管理

由于露天矿区一般比较偏远,受到交通等因素的影响,卡车调度系统中的设备维护非常不方便。本文利用SSL VPN的方式,从远程网络连入系统内部网络中,对内部的设备进行远程管理和维护,在方便管理及降低维护成本的同时,也满足了移动办公的需求。     

Strategic mining options optimization:Open pit mining,underground mining or both

Near-surface deposits that extend to considerable depths are often amenable to both open pit mining and/or underground mining. This paper investigates the strategy of mining options for an orebody using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) optimization framework. The MILP formulation maximizes the Net Present Value(NPV) of the reserve when extracted with(i) open pit mining,(ii) underground mining, and(iii) concurrent open pit and underground mining. Comparatively, implementing open pit mining generates a higher NPV than underground mining. However considering the investment required for these mining options, underground mining generates a better return on investment than open pit mining. Also, in the concurrent open pit and underground mining scenario, the optimizer prefers extracting blocks using open pit mining. Although the underground mine could access ore sooner, the mining cost differential for open pit mining is more than compensated for by the discounting benefits associated with earlier underground mining.     

露天煤矿拉斗铲倒堆工艺运煤系统优化选择——露天矿倒堆剥离开采方法系列论文之三

以准格尔能源有限公司黑岱沟露天矿为例 ,分析了露天煤矿采用拉斗铲倒堆工艺时运煤系统的特点 .在剥离、采煤、排土台阶之间相对位置非常紧凑的条件下 ,运煤系统的优化选择关键在于运煤通道的设置 ,经济指标的对比表明 ,溜井 -巷道运煤方案优于其它方案 .上述结论对类似露天矿的工艺选择和改造具有一定参考价值 .     

露天煤矿端帮残煤开采及边坡暴露时间分析

为了提高露天开采的煤炭资源回收率，掌控露天煤矿端帮残煤开采工程安排，提出了水平和近水平大型露天煤矿汽车运输内排条件下，露天煤矿端帮露井联采、端帮陡帮开采、减少露天煤矿端帮边坡暴露时间的措施．结果表明：采掘工作帮帮坡角越大、内排土场工作帮帮坡角越大、工作线推进强度越大、内排土场下部水平排土台阶高度越大、采场坑底宽度越小露天煤矿端帮边坡的暴露时间越短；当露天煤矿端帮实行陡帮开采时，汽车运输内排通路可设在采场中部回填搭建。     

NPV risk simulation of an open pit gold mine project under the O'Hara cost model by using GAs

This paper analyzes an open pit gold mine project based on the O'Hara cost model. Hypothetical data is proposed based on different authors that have studied open pit gold projects, and variations are proposed according to the probability distributions associated to key variables affecting the NPV, like production level, ore grade, price of ore, and others, so as to see what if, in a gold open pit mine project of 3000 metric tons per day of ore. Two case scenarios were analyzed to simulate the NPV, one where there is low certainty data available, and the other where the information available is of high certainty. Results based on genetic algorithm metaheuristic simulations, which combine basically Montecarlo simulations provided by the Palisade Risk software, the O'Hara cost model, net smelter return and financial analysis tools offered by Excel are reported, in order to determine to which variables of the project is more sensitive the NPV.     

A discrete-event model to simulate the effect of truck bunching due to payload variance on cycle time,hauled mine materials and fuel consumption

Data collected from truck payload management systems at various surface mines shows that the payload variance is significant and must be considered in analysing the mine productivity,energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions and associated cost.Payload variance causes significant differences in gross vehicle weights.Heavily loaded trucks travel slower up ramps than lightly loaded trucks.Faster trucks are slowed by the presence of slower trucks,resulting in‘bunching’,production losses and increasing fuel consumptions.This paper simulates the truck bunching phenomena in large surface mines to improve truck and shovel systems’efficiency and minimise fuel consumption.The study concentrated on completing a practical simulation model based on a discrete event method which is most commonly used in this field of research in other industries.The simulation model has been validated by a dataset collected from a large surface mine in Arizona state,USA.The results have shown that there is a good agreement between the actual and estimated values of investigated parameters.     

露天矿卡车计算机调度系统与通信

本文描述了最近研制的用于露天矿的卡车计算机调度与通信系统,它主要由连接成Novell网的中央微型计算机、中央通信控制器、无线电数据通信设备、安装在卡车、电铲上的场区调度装置(称为智能终端)以及射频路边传感器等构成。在通信系统中采用了具有检错能力的等地码和CSMA/CD/AD随机信道访问技术,设计了主要通信软件。     

GPS and Google Earth based 3D assisted driving system for trucks in surface mines

In order to reduce the number of surface mining accidents related to low visibility conditions and blind spots of trucks and to provide 3D information for truck drivers and real time monitored truck information for the remote dispatcher, a 3D assisted driving system (3D-ADS) based on the GPS, mesh-wireless networks and the Google-Earth engine as the graphic interface and mine-mapping server, was developed at Virginia Tech. The research results indicate that this 3D-ADS system has the potential to increase reliability and reduce uncertainty in open pit mining operations by customizing the local 3D digital mining map, constructing 3D truck models, tracking vehicles in real time using a 3D interface and indicating available escape routes for driver safety.     

勐滨煤矿边坡滑坡的分析与治理

边坡的稳定性直接影响着露天矿的安全生产及经济效益,是矿山安全及技术管理的核心内容。结合勐滨煤矿近年边坡变形破坏情况,从规划、施工、地形、地层岩性、水文地质条件等方面阐述了边坡变形破坏的影响因素及原因。针对影响边坡稳定性因素,提出了合理布置采场位置、剥离方法等综合治理措施,以确保边坡稳定及采场安全。     

虚拟现实技术在露天矿生态重建仿真中的应用

介绍了用虚拟现实技术开发露开矿生态重建视景仿真系统的几项关键技术。采用层次型与面向对象相结合的三维数据结构，构造露天矿生态5重建仿真模型；采用LOD技术为露天矿虚拟环境中的地形和建筑物构造多层次、多分辨率的细节模型，提出了基于视点的连续LOD算法，对三维地质模型按数据块进行简化，以适应不同硬件平台和视觉特性的分辨率需求；分析了在实时仿真系统中显示露天矿三维动态全景图、根据视点需求实时驱动虚拟场景动态变化及漫游的几种方法，用Vega软件实现了露天矿三维动态全景图的显示与实时驱动；采用实物标图技术在虚拟场景中进行生态重建规划方案的设计；提出一种用鼠标获取三维虚拟场景中实体模型信息的算法，实现三维动态查询和与外部数据库的链接。     

Application of open-pit and underground mining technology for residual coal of end slopes

Given the conditions of residual coal from the boundary of a flat dipping open-pit mine,which uses strip areas mining and inner dumping with slope-covering,we propose an open-pit and underground integrated mining technology for residual coal of end slopes.In the proposal a conveyance road and ventilation conveyance near the slope are built,corresponding to the pit mining area and the surface coal mine dump,as well as an interval haulage tunnel and air-inlet tunnel.The outcome shows that such mining method may reduce the effect to slope stability from underground mining,it does not affect the dumping advance and has a high recovery rate of residual coal resources.The working face is timbered by single hydraulic props,transported by a scraper conveyor and supported by coal walls.This method of mining is one of layered top coal caving,with high resource recovery,low production cost where positive economic benefit can be realized.     

露天矿分区过渡期间合理开拓运输系统选择

以平朔煤炭工业公司安太堡露天矿为例，分析了开采近水平及缓倾斜矿床露天矿分区开采过渡期间开拓运输系统的特点、可能出现的问题和解决途径，提出了寻求该时期开拓运输系统优化的思路和方法．分区开采过渡期间，应根据可利用排弃空间的容量和位置，为不同区段的剥离物寻找最佳的运输通路．为减小运距，可适当加快旧采区局部工作帮的推进，使其提前靠帮，并在该处建立新的排土区域．过渡期间应尽早进行新采区的缓帮延深工程，并充分利用条件有利的外排土场．     

打造赣南绿色生态矿山的研究

本文分析了赣南矿山生产造成生态破坏的主要因素,采坑、采空区、废石场、尾矿库等,提出了建设绿色生态矿山的几种方式和途径。