A comprehensive investigation of loading variance influence on fuel consumption and gas emissions in mine haulage operation

The data collected from haul truck payload management systems at various surface mines show that the payload variance is significant and must be considered in analysing the mine productivity, diesel energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and associated costs. The aim of this study is to determine the energy and cost saving opportunities for truck haulage operations associated with the payload variance in surface mines. The results indicate that there is a non-linear relationship between the payload variance and the fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and associated costs. A correlation model, which is independent of haul road conditions, has been developed between the payload variance and the cost saving using the data from an Australian surface coal mine. The results of analysis for this particular mine show that a significant saving of fuel and greenhouse gas emissions costs is possible if the standard deviation of payload is reduced from the maximum to minimum value.     

Development of a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network model to determine haul trucks energy consumption

The mining industry annually consumes trillions of British thermal units of energy,a large part of which is saveable.Diesel fuel is a significant source of energy in surface mining operations and haul trucks are the major users of this energy source.Cross vehicle weight,truck velocity and total resistance have been recognised as the key parameters affecting the fuel consumption.In this paper,an artificial neural network model was developed to predict the fuel consumption of haul trucks in surface mines based on the gross vehicle weight,truck velocity and total resistance.The network was trained and tested using real data collected from a surface mining operation.The results indicate that the artificial neural network modelling can accurately predict haul truck fuel consumption based on the values of the haulage parameters considered in this study.     

Optimization model of truck flow at open-pit mines and standards for feasibility test

In order to increase production efficiency at open-pit mines, on the basis of linear programming, a practical mathematical model for optimizing truck flow was developed, which improved the traditional fixed manual schedule method. The model has advantages from linear programming and objective programming, makes most handling points working at full capacity and keeps an optimized ratio between trucks and excavators. For ensuring feasibility of the model in practical production, four standards for feasibility test were proposed. The model satisfied all the standards. The application in a large scale open-pit iron mine indicated that the model reduced the number of required trucks by 10% compared with the fixed manual schedule method.     

汽车运输露天矿电铲、汽车匹配关系最优化问题的探讨

在汽车运输露天矿的生产管理中,经常遇到汽车的合理调配问题。怎样调配才能使产量最高;怎样调配才能使成本最低;怎样调配才能使各水平产量均衡;某台电铲故障以后应怎样重新调配汽车;一些汽车故障以后怎样重新调配。传统的调配方法为经验决策,很难达到最优结果。本文,以我国某露天矿的实测数据为依据,利用计算机模拟方法对单台电铲的采装、运输、排土工艺环节的能力匹配关系进行研究,得出了不同远距条件下,工作面产量、电铲有效时间利用率、汽车有效时间利用率三者随配车数目的增减而变化的规律。利用模拟结果,根据露天矿当前的生产目标,可以方便地解决汽车最优调配问题,从而改进露天生产理管,提高经济效益。     

AVL-Cruise仿真在商用车油耗分析中的应用

本文以一款商用货车模型为例,通过AVL-Cruise软件对其进行油耗仿真研究,并验证其综合油耗是否满足GB 30510-2014《重型商用车辆燃料消耗量限值》标准所规定的油耗限值。     

计算机控制卡车实时调度的系统研究

本文结合矿山实例，对国内外现有的计算机控制卡车调度准则进行了深入的研究，给出了各种调度准则在不同矿山条件下的优劣评价及其合理的应用范围，并提出了综合多种准则优势的综合调度准则，使调度系统在不同条件下均可取得优化调度效果。在此基础上，研究、探讨了应用调度系统实现计划产量及矿石质量的控制。     

矿用电动轮汽车日常维修成本数学模型分析

以某大型露天矿山同年投入使用的7辆154t630E型矿用电动轮汽车为研究对象,详细介绍了电动轮汽车日常维修成本构成,提出了一种科学估算电动轮汽车日常维修成本的新方法,建立数学模型,分析维修成本的规律,以降低维修成本,从而为国内矿用电动轮汽车日常维修成本评估提供了重要依据．     

Multi-objective Comprehensive Optimum Study of Computer-Controlled Truck Dispatching

According to the demand of modern surface mine production, production, a multi-objective optimum dispatchingmodel is set up in this paper, it includes overall comprehensive optimal model, the goal programming model to optimize truck fleet in mine haulage system, and the selection of real time dispatching criteria. A surface coal mineis studied as a case in a built system simulation mantel, and the simulation result shows that the model is correct.     

A comparison of strategic mine planning approaches for in-pit crushing and conveying,and truck/shovel systems

In a global environment where energy and labor are becoming increasingly expensive, continuous mining systems such as In-Pit Crushing and Conveying(IPCC) systems have been advanced as offering a real alternative to conventional truck haulage systems. The implementation of IPCC systems in hard rock operations in open pit mines however requires different and more comprehensive planning approaches in order to adequately reflect the practical aspects associated with these. This paper investigates the impact that these approaches may have on the implementation of IPCC systems on a basic metalliferous deposit amenable to open pit exploitation. A strategic life of mine plan to provide numerous economic indicators for each approach is analyzed and compared to traditional truck haulage systems. The mine planning and evaluation process highlights the increased overall resource recovery that may accompany the use of IPCC systems. This investigation also provides insights into the issues associated with IPCC and the scale and type of operation and orebody that is likely to provide a feasible alternative to truck haulage.     

皮卡车外流场的数值模拟

采用CFD进行皮卡车的外流场模拟,得到了车身表面压力分布、尾流典型剖面流速值和尾流流场结构,数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果吻合较好。模拟结果表明,皮卡车尾涡存在于货箱上方和尾挡板后方两个区域。进行了皮卡车几种几何改型的CFD模拟,所得阻力系数变化与实车试验结果有相同的变化趋势,证实了尾挡板的减阻作用。由此得出CFD用于皮卡车外流场模拟,可获得较高的模拟精度。     

Availability-based simulation and optimization modeling framework for open-pit mine truck allocation under dynamic constraints

We present a novel system productivity simulation and optimization modeling framework in which equipment availability is a variable in the expected productivity function of the system. The framework is used for allocating trucks by route according to their operating performances in a truck–shovel system of an open-pit mine, so as to maximize the overall productivity of the fleet. We implement the framework in an originally designed and specifically developed simulator–optimizer software tool. We make an application on a real open-pit mine case study taking into account the stochasticity of the equipment behavior and environment. The total system production values obtained with and without considering the equipment reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) characteristics are compared. We show that by taking into account the truck and shovel RAM aspects, we can maximize the total production of the system and obtain specific information on the production availability and productivity of its components.     

Study on Removal Distance of a Crushing Station in Buzhaoba Surface Mine

1 Introduction The Buzhaoba surface mine belongs to the Xiaolongtan Mineral Bureau. The mining area is lo- cated near the city of Kaiyuan, Yunnan province and is about 16 km from the city. The mining area is a North-North run basin, 7 km long from north to south, 2-3 km wide from west to east with an area of about 17 km2. The mining area is overburdened, has a sin- gle thick coal seam and is fit for surface mining. The coal in this mining area is a mid-sulfur lignite of high quality with a…     

220t矿用自卸车强度有限元分析

建立220 t矿用自卸车有限元模型,通过合理处理模型及外载荷施加方法,对整车在满载静止及极限载荷条件2种工况下的结构强度进行了分析.模拟结果显示,整车结构应力分布较为均匀、合理,具有较充足的安全系数.     

Evaluation of rope shovel operators in surface coal mining using a Multi-Attribute Decision-Making model简

Rope shovels are used to dig and load materials in surface mines. One of the main factors that influence the production rate and energy consumption of rope shovels is the performance of the operator. This paper presents a method for evaluating rope shovel operators using the Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) model. Data used in this research were collected from an operating surface coal mine in the southern United States. The MADM model consists of attributes, their weights of importance, and alternatives. Shovel operators are considered the alternatives. The energy consumption model was developed with multiple regression analysis, and its variables were included in the MADM model as attributes. Preferences with respect to min/max of the defined attributes were obtained with multi-objective optimization. Multi-objective optimization was conducted with the overall goal of minimizing energy consumption and maximizing production rate. Weights of importance of the attributes were determined by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The overall evaluation of operators was performed by one of the MADM models, i.e., PROMETHEE II. The research results presented here may be used by mining professionals to help evaluate the performance of rope shovel operators in surface mining.     

客货混行信号交叉口货车专用左转车道设置方法

为了寻求客货混行交叉口货车专用左转车道的设置方法,依据效率原则,对比分析了设置货车专用左转车道前后的饱和释放流率,给出了关于饱和流率修正系数的货车专用左转车道设置临界条件。针对实际情况,结合仿真手段给出了不同转弯半径和混行比例条件下修正系数的两类计算方法。最后依据交叉口的几何特性,给出左转车道右置的几何临界条件,可以为客货混行交叉口货车专用左转车道设置提供理论依据。     

基于PLC的矿井提升机模拟实验装置的研究与设计

根据我国现代煤矿和矿务局的发展需求,研究、设计与制作了一套以PLC为核心的矿井提升机控制系统模拟实验装置.该模拟实验装置采用工业上最常用的PLC作为主控制器,用电机作模拟负载,在实验的条件下,可通过此实验装置来模拟交流或直流矿井提升机的运行工况,以使煤矿操作人员及技术工人能够更好地、全面地了解与掌握矿井提升机的运行原理与操作方法,从而达到培训和学习的目的.     

基于主动横向稳定杆的自卸汽车作业稳定性

针对传统自卸汽车普遍存在作业稳定性较差的问题,通过建立具有单侧主动横向稳定杆的空气悬架自卸汽车功能虚拟样机模型,并利用联合仿真技术,分别研究了在不同控制方式下的被动横向稳定杆及单侧主动横向稳定杆对空气悬架自卸汽车作业稳定性的影响。通过对比分析,得出单侧主动横向稳定杆系统显著地提高了空气悬架自卸汽车卸载时的作业稳定性。     

Closed-loop bulk air conditioning:A renewable energy-based system for deep mines in arctic regions

With depletion of shallow deposits, the number of underground mines expected to reach more than 3 km depth during their lifetime is growing. Although surface cooling plants are mostly effective in mine airconditioning, usually secondary cooling units are needed below 2 km depth. This need emerges due to the elevated thermal impacts caused by auto-compression of mine air as well as heat emissions from strata and mine machinery. As a result, in cold climates, like Canada, ultra-deep mines need their secondary underground cooling plants running year-round while the intake air must be heated to protect the sensitive machinery and liners from freezing during the winter season. To cool mine air, horizontal bulk-airconditioners with direct spray cooling systems are commonly used due to their high performance.Conventionally, sprayed water in bulk-air-coolers are mechanically circulated and refrigerated in coupled refrigeration plants. This set up can be transformed to a natural cooling/heating process by resurfacing the warm underground bulk-air-cooler spray water for mine air heating on the surface and re-sinking the chilled water for cooling in the underground bulk air coolers. This could significantly cut-down the fossil-fuel consumption in burners for mine air pre-conditioning and refrigeration cost when applicable.This paper presents an anonymous real-life example to study the feasibility of the proposed idea for an ultra-deep Canadian mine.     

重卡轮毂轴承耐久性试验载荷谱的设计

为改进评估重卡轮毂轴承性能和寿命的试验技术,研制了一款符合某公司生产的重卡轮毂轴承耐久性试验的载荷谱。根据重卡汽车实际行驶状态,分析了重卡轮毂轴承的主要结构特点、实际运行工况载荷、装载工况及轮胎载荷,并结合某公司研制的新型重卡轮毂轴承模拟试验机采集的相关数据,以某重卡轮毂轴承匹配的重卡汽车为例,确定出每种行驶状态的占比,针对每个循环周期内行驶状态的重卡轮胎受力情况,制定出符合重卡汽车的循环周期内的耐久性试验载荷谱。3 a试验结果和客户使用情况表明,该载荷谱对重卡轮毂轴承性能的评估具有实际的指导意义,并已运用在重卡轮毂轴承耐久性试验常规检验中。     

电动轮自卸车的行驶平顺性研究

本文以某型号电动轮自卸车为研究对象,应用多体动力学仿真软件SIMPACK建立整车虚拟样机模型,并采用谐波叠加法原理构建C级路面,建立了整车动力学行驶的仿真平台。为验证仿真模型的正确性,在神华集团（新疆）准东露天煤矿利用DH5902数据采集分析系统对自卸车进行行驶性能试验,测量了驾驶员座椅处的振动加速度。结果表明：试验结果与仿真计算结果比较接近,该型号电动轮自卸车平顺性研究中所采用的数学模型较为准确,且精度较高。