安徽沙坪沟钼矿区中酸性侵入岩期次研究——年代学及岩石化学约束

近年来,随着大别造山带内沙坪沟、汤家坪、千鹅冲等多个大型-超大型钼矿床的陆续发现,大别造山带钼金属成矿潜力引起了地学界的广泛关注。沙坪沟钼矿床位于大别造山带内,地处安徽省金寨县银山地区,是近年来发现的世界第二大斑岩型钼矿床。沙坪沟钼矿区广泛发育不同类型中酸性侵入岩,包括二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩、正长岩、钾长花岗斑岩等,前人对沙坪沟钼矿区内侵入岩的成岩时代、形成及演化过程的研究仍有待深入。本次工作在详细野外地质调查基础上,开展了沙坪沟钼矿区主要中酸性侵入岩年代学和岩石地球化学研究工作。通过锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb定年方法,确定了二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、正长岩和钾长花岗斑岩成岩时代分别为136.3±1.6Ma、127.5±2.9Ma、117.2±1.2Ma和112.2±1.2Ma;结合前人的研究成果和侵入岩野外地质特征,提出矿区内中酸性侵入岩的成岩时代可划分为136~125Ma和124~112Ma两个阶段。中酸性侵入岩的岩石地球化学特征显示,由第一阶段到第二阶段,岩浆系列由高钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列、钙碱性系列向碱性系列转变,岩浆性质由氧化性向还原性变化,岩浆源区由壳幔型源区向壳型源区演化,成岩背景由构造格局转变的伸展背景向稳定的板内背景过渡。高钾、高碱、高分异、偏还原、壳型源区,形成于稳定板内背景的侵入岩可能更有利于形成大型斑岩型钼矿床。     

豫西火神庙岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素组成

火神庙岩体位于华北陆块南缘栾川矿集区西部,为一杂岩体,该岩体与火神庙钼矿床密切相关.目前,人们对火神庙岩体的研究程度较低,严重制约了对火神庙钼矿床成因的认识.系统开展了年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素组成研究.结果表明,石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩的形成年龄分别为150.3±0.6Ma、146.0±0.6Ma和145.1±0.5Ma,为栾川矿集区晚侏罗世第2次大规模岩浆活动的产物.火神庙杂岩体属于I型花岗岩,是不同源区部分熔融形成的岩浆上升就位的结果.石英闪长岩是富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物;二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩是富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆与太华群TTG岩系部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆混合后上升就位的结果.      

新疆谢米斯台地区晚古生代俯冲作用:来自塞勒肯特岩体的岩石学、年代学及地球化学证据

塞勒肯特岩体出露于谢米斯台中东部,岩性主要为二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩及花岗闪长岩。本文通过锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等研究,探讨其形成的构造环境及岩石成因。结果表明,二长花岗岩(400.9±4.3Ma)和石英闪长岩(398.1±4.5Ma)形成于早泥盆世,花岗闪长岩(381.7±2.9Ma)形成于晚泥盆世。岩体整体富碱,属于准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩类。轻重稀土分馏较明显且富集轻稀土((La/Yb)_N=5.09～9.22),Eu异常不明显,相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素;二长花岗岩和石英闪长岩具有低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值(0.7040～0.7043),正ε_(Nd)(t)值(+4.85～+6.18),年轻的t_(DM1)(Nd)年龄(663～732Ma),二长花岗岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为+7.94～+12.12,t_(DM2)(Hf)=648～889Ma;花岗闪长岩也具有低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值(0.7045～0.7046),正ε_(Nd)(t)值(+4.61～+4.80),年轻的t_(DM1)(Nd)年龄(731～749Ma),花岗闪长岩锆石εHf(t)值为+4.26～+11.69,tDM2(Hf)=631～1103Ma。综合研究表明,塞勒肯特岩体形成于俯冲背景下的大陆边缘弧环境,可能是俯冲板片脱水交代地幔楔产生的玄武质岩浆上涌,导致新生下地壳发生部分熔融。二长花岗岩及石英闪长岩均来源于新生下地壳的部分熔融;花岗闪长岩主要来源于新生下地壳的部分熔融,并有少量幔源物质的加入,花岗闪长岩中的暗色微粒包体可能是幔源物质与新生下地壳部分熔融的岩浆未发生完全混合,最终冷凝结晶的产物。谢米斯台地区与俯冲相关的中酸性岩浆活动至少从晚奥陶世一直延续至晚泥盆世。     

安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼铅锌矿田两期成岩成矿作用

安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼矿床是近年来秦岭-大别成矿带发现的超大型斑岩钼矿床,已探明钼资源储量234×104t。在沙坪沟钼矿床外围发育多处铅锌矿床(点)。本文通过对外围3个铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素定年,获得120±2Ma的成矿年龄,而钼矿床成矿年龄则在115~111Ma,显示出矿田内铅锌矿床的成矿时代早于钼矿床。结合区域构造背景、控矿构造、赋矿围岩及围岩蚀变等地质特征分析,认为斑岩钼矿床和铅锌矿床为两个独立的成矿系统,热液型铅锌矿成矿系统形成早于斑岩型钼矿成矿系统。据地质勘查和同位素年代学资料,矿田岩浆岩分为两期,第一期为早白垩世早期花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩,是热液型铅锌矿成矿系统主要赋矿围岩,第二期为早白垩世晚期石英正长岩和花岗斑岩,是斑岩型钼矿成矿系统的主要赋矿围岩。矿床C、H、O、S等稳定同位素相关研究表明热液型铅锌矿成矿系统和斑岩型钼矿成矿系统均是两期岩浆热液演化的结果。因此矿田存在两期成岩成矿作用。两个成矿系统矿石铅同位素组成不同,斑岩型钼矿成矿系统矿石铅同位素比值相对较高,变化范围大。铅锌矿床为早于斑岩钼矿床的独立成矿系统的认识合理解释了沙坪沟钼矿床为单一钼矿体,不含铅锌铜等不同于东秦岭斑岩钼矿床地质现象。区内两期成岩成矿作用均发生于晚侏罗─早白垩世构造体制转换阶段及以后伸展期。     

大别山千鹅冲钼矿区花岗岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及微量元素特征

千鹅冲斑岩型钼矿床位于东秦岭-大别钼矿带东部的大别山地区。矿体主要赋存于千鹅冲隐伏花岗岩体上部(外接触带)的南湾组片岩中,少量产于花岗岩体内。矿体下部的隐伏岩体中主要见有二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩。SHRIMP锆石UPb定年表明,二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩的侵位年龄分别为130±2Ma(MSWD=1.4)和129±2Ma(MSWD=1.9),二者年龄一致,说明隐伏岩体形成于早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,千鹅冲钼矿中二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩的εHf(t)值分别变化于-24.5～-2.7和-19.8～-11.2之间,变化范围较大,说明它们主要来源于古老地壳的部分熔融,也有年轻组分的参与。两阶段模式年龄(t DM2)和古元古代的继承锆石指示这些花岗岩的原岩中含有古元古代-太古代的基底岩石。二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩中的锆石的Ce4+/Ce3+比值平均值分别为287.4和55.9,说明形成二长花岗岩的岩浆具有更高的氧逸度,但钼成矿与形成较晚的花岗斑岩具有更紧密的成因联系。千鹅冲钼矿形成于大别造山带早白垩世的伸展构造体制下,造山带下地壳拆沉作用造成的软流圈上涌和壳幔相互作用可能为钼矿的形成提供了成矿物质。     

大别山木子店地区斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩株的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

大别山木子店地区岩浆岩由中生代花岗岩类和元古宙石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩组成。对中生代斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩进行了原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素测定。结果表明,该花岗岩形成于(133±2)Ma,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。锆石εHf(t)介于-26.5~-19.6,平均值为-24.9,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)主要介于2 531~2 139Ma,2个继承锆石分析点分别给出了-3.0和-0.3的εHf(t)值,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)分别为1 589Ma和1 654Ma。上述研究表明,木子店地区斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩为古元古代古老地壳物质部分熔融形成,形成过程中可能有新元古代地壳物质加入。综合分析认为,该花岗岩可能形成于大别造山带从挤压向伸展的转换阶段。与沙坪沟赋矿花岗岩具有类似的岩浆物质来源,指示木子店地区具有寻找早白垩世早期钼矿的可能。     

皖南泾县茂林岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征

安徽茂林岩体为中国东部中生代皖南构造-岩浆带中的一个浅层侵入岩体,是檀树岭钼矿和湛岭钼矿的成矿母岩。该岩体的主要岩性为花岗闪长岩、花岗斑岩、斑状花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩等。对茂林花岗闪长岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年,结果显示锆石Th/U值为0.38~0.66,为典型的岩浆成因锆石。花岗闪长岩~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为140.8±0.8Ma(n=19,MSWD=2.3),结合锆石自形、岩浆环带发育等特点,该年龄为茂林花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄,显示岩体形成于早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,茂林花岗闪长岩锆石振荡岩浆环带具负εHf(t)值(-9.7~-6.2),揭示花岗闪长岩主要形成于下地壳的熔融。     

北祁连西段小柳沟矿区花岗质岩石锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成因研究

甘肃小柳沟钨钼(铜)矿是一个与花岗岩类有关的斑岩-矽卡岩-石英脉型矿床,小柳沟矿区内花岗质岩石类型主要为二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。本文对该岩体进行年代学、地球化学研究以约束其形成时代和岩石成因。LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年分别获得二长花岗岩与花岗闪长岩谐和年龄为454.0±2.0Ma和417.7±1.7Ma,属于加里东期岩浆活动的产物,并经历了海西期和燕山期岩浆热事件的改造。地球化学数据显示,小柳沟花岗质岩石具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、Ti、P,具有明显Eu负异常,尤其是二长花岗岩显示强烈的铕负异常(δEu为0.08～0.19),属于高分异I型花岗岩。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,二长花岗岩εHf(t)为-4.45～4.04,t DM2=1176～1714Ma,花岗闪长岩εHf(t)为-4.18～4.43,t DM2=1124～1670Ma,二者可能是由壳幔混合作用形成,其壳源源区很可能来源于古元古代-中元古代古老地壳岩石,花岗闪长岩的源区相对较深,北大河岩群与朱龙关群可能是小柳沟钨矿的初始矿源层。综合研究表明,小柳沟钨钼矿床与二长花岗岩在时间、空间及成因上有密切关系。结合区域构造演化,认为小柳沟二长花岗岩应形成于俯冲背景下的活动大陆边缘环境,花岗闪长岩形成于碰撞造山环境。     

内蒙古大苏计斑岩钼矿床花岗质杂岩年代学、地球化学、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

内蒙古卓资县大苏计斑岩钼矿化与区内花岗质杂岩(石英斑岩、正长花岗斑岩和花岗斑岩)有密切的成因联系。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得石英斑岩、正长花岗斑岩和花岗斑岩的结晶年龄分别为(234±3)Ma、(225±4)Ma和(220±4)Ma。杂岩体富硅(w(SiO_2)=70.37%~78.84%)、富碱(w(Na_2O+K_2O)=4.52%~8.77%),均属高钾钙碱性系列,普遍具有低的w(Na_2O)(0.15%~2.69%)和高的铝指数(ASI介于1.13~3.35)。稀土元素总量介于48.2×10~(-6)~527.0×10~(-6),石英斑岩稀土元素含量(48.2×10~(-6)~83.1×10~(-6))最低,正长花岗斑岩稀土元素含量(272.1×10~(-6)~527.0×10~(-6))最高,花岗斑岩稀土元素含量为162.5×10~(-6)~236.8×10~(-6);杂岩体δEu介于0.15~0.93之间,(La/Yb)N介于3.0~65.5,自正长花岗斑岩、花岗斑岩到石英斑岩,其Eu负异常逐渐増大,而(La/Yb)N逐渐减小。岩体普遍富集Rb、Th、U、K、Nd、Zr、Hf等,强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti等。正长花岗斑岩具有中等Ba、Ta、Nb亏损。石英斑岩和花岗斑岩均属于高分异花岗岩,而正长花岗斑岩属于I型花岗岩。主量、稀土和微量元素特征表明,杂岩体具有后碰撞或后造山花岗岩特征,形成于后碰撞或后造山环境。杂岩体锆石的Hf同位素显示,3种岩石的εHf(t)值介于-21.1~-8.1,二阶段模式年龄tDM2介于1775~2587 Ma。石英斑岩来自于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融;正长花岗斑岩来自于古元古代晚期地壳物质的部分熔融;花岗斑岩也主要来自于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融,但有少量新太古代地壳物质参与。     

黄沙坪矿区花岗岩类的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

黄沙坪矿床是湖南最大的铅锌矿床。矿区内岩浆活动复杂,矿化类型齐全,成矿元素多样,是湘南地区斑岩-矽卡岩-热液脉型Cu多金属与W-Sn多金属复合成矿作用的典型代表。为厘清区内不同花岗质岩石的时间格架、源区特征及其与成矿的关系,本次研究对黄沙坪矿区的不同类型花岗岩进行了系统的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成研究,研究表明,英安斑岩、二长花岗斑岩和石英斑岩的侵位年龄分别为158.5±0.9Ma、155.2±0.4Ma、160.8±1.0Ma,石英斑岩内花岗质岩石包体可能形成于220.4±1.2Ma。另外,在二长花岗斑岩锆石中发现古元古代-新太古代的继承锆石核。不同花岗质岩石中,中晚侏罗世锆石的εHf(t)值为-7.6～-3.2,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.7～1.4Ga,表明该区花岗质岩浆主要源自中元古代的古老基底物质部分熔融。继承锆石中接近0的εHf(t)负值(-1.5～-0.07)和εHf(t)正值(0.5～6.5)暗示形成这些古老继承锆石的初始物质中有幔源物质的加入。黄沙坪矿区不同类型花岗质岩石的锆石年龄和Hf同位素特征表明,英安斑岩、二长花岗斑岩、石英斑岩可能是同源同时期岩浆演化的产物,与矿床成矿年龄(154～159Ma)接近,反映其成岩成矿具有密切的时空联系。花岗岩中存在多组古老的残留锆石,暗示了黄沙坪地区自新太古代以来经历了复杂的岩浆作用,这可能是区内Cu-Pb-Zn-W-Mo-Fe多金属复合型矿床形成的关键要素。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)