基于扰动力矩观测器的大口径望远镜低速控制

为了增强大口径望远镜跟踪架伺服控制系统的抗扰动性能,提高其低速跟踪精度,提出了基于扰动力矩观测器的力矩补偿方法。该方法采用改进的加减速法控制转台的加减速时间,使得望远镜转台微震;通过测量电机的速度和电流响应曲线,辨识获得望远镜转台的转动惯量。然后,设计了望远镜转台的加速度估计器,根据编码器位置反馈数据,采用双积分和PD控制的方法,估计出当前系统的加速度。最后,基于转动惯量辨识和加速度估计,设计了扰动力矩观测器,根据电机的电流和转台的加速度,计算出外部的扰动力矩,并将扰动前馈补偿到电流控制器的输入端,以修正电流输入参考值。在2m望远镜控制系统中对扰动观测器的性能进行了实验验证,结果表明,加入扰动力矩观测器补偿后,在跟踪斜率为0.36(″)/s的位置斜坡时,跟踪误差值(RMS)由0.012 7″减小到0.007 3″;相比未加入扰动力矩观测器的补偿方法,望远镜的低速跟踪抖动明显减小,提高了伺服系统的低速跟踪精度,实现了对目标的平滑、稳定跟踪。     

航空光电稳定平台质量不平衡力矩的前馈补偿

讨论了旋翼直升机高频振动时产生的质量不平衡力矩对航空光电稳定平台性能的影响。基于传统光电稳定平台电流反馈、速度反馈、位置反馈的三闭环控制系统提出了一种基于系统模型的质量不平衡力矩前馈补偿方法。该方法通过标定平台质量偏心,利用加速度传感器获取平台加速度信号来对平台的质量不平衡力矩进行前馈补偿,实现对平台质量不平衡力矩的抑制,提高光电稳定平台的扰动抑制能力。实验结果表明:相对于传统三闭环控制系统,引入前馈补偿后系统的扰动隔离度至少提高了6.4dB;相对于利用扰动观测器对质量不平衡力矩进行补偿的传统补偿方案,引入前馈补偿的光电稳定平台系统不仅在低频段补偿效果提升约12.9dB,而且克服了扰动观测器在高频时不能补偿质量不平衡力矩带来的影响,使平台在全频段的扰动隔离度都大幅提高,视轴能更好地稳定在惯性空间内,具有较高的实用性和使用价值。     

基于扰动观测器的直线电机速度系统预测函数控制

针对直线电机伺服系统存在非线性、不确定性和各种扰动等特性,提出了一种基于扰动观测器和预测函数控制的复合控制方法。首先建立直线电机伺服系统的数学模型;然后设计扰动观测器对参数变化和外部干扰进行补偿,将干扰估计值反馈给预测函数控制器,建立带有干扰信息的预测模型,从而优化控制方法,提高伺服系统的控制效果。仿真结果表明,采用该复合控制方法设计的扰动观测器和预测函数控制器能够有效抑制扰动,满足系统对快速性和稳态精度的要求,系统具有较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰性,能够实现伺服系统的有效控制。     

光电稳定平台中高阶扰动观测器的应用

由于光电稳定平台在稳定视轴时易受到摩擦、风阻、不平衡以及载体扰动等干扰力矩的影响,本文研究了利用高阶扰动观测器抑制扰动力矩的机理和方法。该扰动观测器由控制对象的逆模型和进行了高阶设计的改进型滤波器组成。提出的方法将观测量作为电流环的输入,利用电流环超高的控制带宽抑制扰动力矩。对系统的扰动抑制能力进行了仿真,结果显示高阶扰动观测器对高阶扰动模型具有很好的抑制能力:对于阶跃扰动和斜坡扰动,三阶扰动观测器的抑制率为100%;对于抛物波扰动,三阶扰动观测器的抑制率为99.9999996%。另外,观测器对于控制对象模型的摄动具有很好的鲁棒性。提出的方法可以在提高伺服系统响应速度的同时保证系统的鲁棒性,满足光电稳定平台的应用要求。     

惯性稳定平台载体扰动抑制算法研究

为了减小载体扰动对机载光电设备的影响,需要设计保证惯性稳定平台稳定的控制算法。以某型号惯性稳定平台为研究对象,通过建立其机电系统的动态模型,分析了影响平台稳像精度的扰动因素,在此基础上设计了扰动观测器。此外,为有效抑制载体的周期性扰动作用,针对性地设计了重复控制算法。仿真结果表明,所提出的扰动观测器与重复控制相结合的复合控制算法能够有效地抑制载体扰动,提高系统稳像精度。     

导引头稳定平台的扰动补偿及改进滑模控制

为提高导引头稳定平台抗扰性,提出了一种导引头稳定平台的扰动补偿及改进滑模控制策略。首先根据扰动特点将扰动分为摩擦力矩和"剩余扰动"两部分,基于Stribeck摩擦模型辨识摩擦参数,并进行摩擦力矩补偿;采用扩张高增益观测器对"剩余扰动"进行估计,并给出了扩张高增益观测器的收敛条件。然后设计了改进滑模控制器作为稳定回路的控制器实现伺服控制,采用Lyapunov函数证明其稳定性。最后,搭建测试系统分别进行了稳定平台性能测试和导引头性能测试,用于验证跟踪和抗扰效果。实验结果表明,跟踪1(°)/s的梯形波时,提出的控制器有效地补偿了摩擦,同时稳态精度提高了0.032 8(°)/s;给定三轴转台典型幅值和频率扰动下,采用提出的控制器时系统隔离度至少提高了0.57%。表明提出的控制器改善了系统抗扰性。     

基于自抗扰控制的转台伺服系统摩擦非线性补偿仿真研究

为克服非线性摩擦在转台伺服系统低速运行时对控制性能的影响,设计一种线性自抗扰控制器.该控制器采用线性扩张状态观测器及线性反馈,将摩擦作为系统总扰动进行实时估计,并加以补偿.基于Lugre摩擦模型建立转台伺服系统的数学模型,对这种线性自抗扰控制器进行仿真实验.结果表明,和传统PID控制器相比,所设计的控制器对非线性摩擦有良好的抑制作用,同时具有响应速度快、稳态误差小,抗扰能力强的特点.     

负载力矩补偿的转速模拟系统复合控制

从转速模拟系统的干扰因素,对主要负载力矩干扰,提出了基于负载力矩补偿的复合控制:首先从结构不变性原理出发,通过干扰力矩观测器对速度控制进行前馈补偿,其次从增速装置后的力矩传感器获得的力矩信号进行微分负反馈补偿。仿真证明了本文提出的控制方法在抑制负载干扰方面取得了一定的效果。     

基于干扰观测和前馈补偿的电动加载复合控制

对于含有舵机位置扰动、模型参数摄动和传感器噪声等多余力的电动加载系统,仅采用传统的速度前馈补偿很难对系统多余力矩进行完全抑制。在传统速度前馈补偿的基础上针对系统扰动问题引入了扰动观测器,并利用改进的干扰观测器对高频噪声进行抑制。再通过微分负反馈阻尼补偿增强控制回路稳定性,利用重复PID控制器进行负反馈控制来改善系统的动态性能。仿真结果表明,该复合控制策略能够在很大程度上提高系统对多余力矩的抑制能力,并改善系统的加载精度。     

一种结合扰动观测器的惯性稳定平台稳定回路设计

介绍了大型重力测量惯性稳定平台的典型陀螺稳定回路设计,在此基础上以稳定回路闭环传递函数为被控对象设计了扰动观测器,实现了扰动观测器与陀螺稳定回路的结合。进行了没有扰动观测器和带有扰动观测器的稳定回路控制仿真对比,仿真结果表明,结合扰动观测器的稳定回路,具有更好的抗低频干扰力矩和高频陀螺测量噪声的能力。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.