PVA/SiO_2复合纤维膜的制备和表征

采用静电纺丝法制备不同浓度PVA/SiO_2混合溶液的纤维,通过改变加入二氧化硅溶液质量得到不同比例混合溶液,找到最佳的比例得到最优质的纤维达到改善PVA性能的目的。本实验中共配四组混合溶液进行静电纺丝,结果表明加入二氧化硅溶液质量对PVA/SiO_2混合溶液粘度存在影响。反应过程中黏度变化规律也相似:随着加入二氧化硅质量减少,混合溶液粘度增加,混合溶液纺丝性能得到改善;FT-IR表明:杂化纤维中PVA与SiO_2之间形成化学键结合有游离的基团;XRD分析表明:二氧化硅为非定型;接触角测量表明:复合纤维亲水能力降低;TEM结果表明:随着加入二氧化硅质量增加,纤维表面粒子数也增加,但呈不均匀变化。     

维生素对聚乙烯醇溶液静电纺丝性能的影响

将维生素(VC)溶解在质量分数8%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液中,通过静电纺丝制得PVA/VC共混纳米纤维。分析了VC含量对溶液性能及静电纺丝速度的影响;测试了纤维的形貌结构及力学性能。结果表明:PVA/VC共混溶液属于切力变稀流体;当PVA/VC质量比为100/10或100/20时,共混溶液的电导率和静电纺丝速度较纯PVA溶液明显提高,制得的纳米纤维表面光滑,粗细均匀;与纯PVA纳米纤维比较,其平均直径和拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率提高。     

PVA静电纺丝工艺优化研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料、去离子水为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制备PVA纳米纤维膜,利用正交实验探讨静电纺丝过程中纺丝液PVA浓度、纺丝距离、纺丝电压和注射速度对PVA纳米纤维膜形貌及纤维直径的影响,得出制备纤维膜的较佳工艺条件,并分析了纺丝液PVA浓度对纤维膜的力学性能和亲水性能的影响。结果表明：随着纺丝液PVA浓度的增加,PVA纤维的直径逐步变小,直径分布变窄;当纺丝液PVA质量分数为7%、纺丝电压为14 kV、纺丝距离为14 cm、注射速度为0.5 mL/h时,纤维膜的纤维直径最小,为203 nm;正交实验中PVA浓度、纺丝电压、纺丝距离、注射速度4个因素的极差值分别为87.00,49.67,18.33,11.67;纺丝液PVA质量分数从5%增加到7%,纤维膜的断裂强度从2.21 MPa提高至2.81 MPa,断裂伸长率从31.63%提高至56.39%,水接触角从37.7°提高至48.7°。     

溶液喷射纺丝制备PMIA/MWNTs纳米纤维的研究（英文）

采用溶液喷射纺丝技术制备间位芳纶/多壁碳纳米管(PMIA/MWNTs)纳米纤维,探讨了不同工艺参数下纳米纤维表观形貌和直径分布的变化,研究了MWNTs对PMIA纳米纤维膜结晶性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在拉伸风压为0.12 MPa、喷丝孔内径为0.4~0.5 mm时,可以制得形貌较好的PMIA/MWNTs纳米纤维;随MWNTs负载量的增加,制得纳米纤维的平均直径变粗,结晶度变大,纤维膜拉伸强度增大,断裂伸长率则下降;MWNTs的最佳负载量为0.3%,此时可制得形貌结构均匀,直径较细的PMIA/MWNTs纳米纤维,纤维平均直径为372 nm,纤维膜拉伸强度达到41.85 MPa,较纯PMIA纳米纤维膜提高了86%以上。     

聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的制备

采用静电纺丝方法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维,探讨了工艺参数对纳米纤维形貌的影响,并对PVA纳米纤维膜进行热处理,研究了热处理时间与温度对纳米纤维膜力学性能的影响。研究表明:PVA质量分数在6%~10%区间内变化时,可得到直径分布较为均匀的纳米纤维;在其它条件相同时,随纺丝电压的升高,PVA纳米纤维的不匀增大;接收距离的改变对PVA纳米纤维的直径变化影响不大;随PVA质量分数的增加,纳米纤维膜的断裂强度和断裂伸长率逐渐增大;在热处理时间相同时,PVA纳米纤维膜的断裂强度随温度的升高而增大;处理温度相同时,随处理时间的延长,PVA纳米纤维膜的断裂强度变化不大。     

热熔处理对壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇静电纺丝纳米纤维膜力学性能的影响

静电纺丝方法制备的纳米纤维膜的强度主要来源于其纤维间的缠接,因此强度较低。对壳聚糖(CS)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维膜采用了热熔处理的方法,使纳米纤维之间发生热熔,研究了热熔处理对纳米纤维微观结构、力学性能和亲水性能的影响。扫描电镜结果显示,热熔处理后的纳米纤维间出现熔接的现象,同时伴有部分纤维的断裂。力学性能测试表明,热熔处理能够提高纳米纤维膜的力学性能,热熔温度为100℃时,纳米纤维膜的力学性能提升最高。水接触角测试表明,热熔处理会使得纤维结构更为致密,导致其水接触角增大;XRD和FT-IR测试表明,热熔处理在增大纳米纤维膜结晶性的同时,未明显改变纳米纤维膜的化学结构。     

PVA／MC纳米纤维膜的制备与吸水性、保水性研究

采用水热工艺和电纺方法制备了PVA／MC纳米纤维膜;对PVA／MC混和溶液的粘度、PVA／MC纳米纤维膜的结构、吸水性能和保水性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着MC含量的增加,PVA／MC混和溶液的粘度逐渐增大;FESEM表明,本身不能电纺的MC在与PVA混和则可以电纺制得PVA／MC纳米纤维膜,但随着MC含量的增加,混和溶液的粘度会逐渐增大而无法电纺;在不改变电压的情况下增大电纺的接受距离,所得PVA／MC纤维膜连续、直径均匀、表面光滑平整;吸水性能和保水性能研究表明,随着MC含量的增加,PVA／MC纳米纤维膜的吸水速率和保水性能逐渐提高。     

聚乙烯醇/淀粉纳米晶复合膜的制备及表征

利用蜡质玉米淀粉通过硫酸酸解制备淀粉纳米晶（SN）,并采用溶液流延法制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）/SN复合膜,研究SN对复合膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,制备的SN样品为盘状颗粒,平均直径为30～60 nm;随着SN含量的增加,PVA/SN复合膜的力学性能和阻隔性能均呈现先增后减的变化;在SN含量为10 %时,复合膜的拉伸和阻隔性能最好,拉伸强度由纯PVA膜的47 MPa提高至54 MPa,气体透过系数相对于纯PVA膜也降低了70 %。     

聚乳酸/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维的制备及结构

以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,制备不同配比的聚乳酸(PLLA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的混合溶液,静电纺丝制得PLLA/PVA纳米纤维。采用红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜等对PLLA/PVA纳米纤维结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明:PLLA/PVA纳米纤维中PVA上的羟基与PLLA上的羰基形成了氢键,PLLA与PVA之间存在一定的相互作用,但PLLA/PVA纳米纤维存在相分离现象;混合溶液的PLLA质量分数为11%,PVA质量分数为8%时可以得到较好的PLLA/PVA纳米纤维,但PVA质量分数为6%时出现液滴及珠丝,PVA质量分数为4%时,不能制得纳米纤维。     

碳酸乙烯酯对聚己内酯/冰乙酸电纺纤维的影响

在聚己内酯(PCL)/冰乙酸(GAC)溶液体系中加入低毒低挥发性溶剂碳酸乙烯酯(EC),采用静电纺丝法成功制备纳米纤维,采用扫描电子显微镜研究了不同EC浓度对制得的纤维形貌和直径的影响。结果表明,当溶液中PCL质量分数为20%,EC体积分数从0%变化到9%时,纳米纤维数量增加,平均直径逐渐变小;当EC体积分数从9%变化到15%时,微米纤维或珠串状纤维数量开始增加,平均直径逐渐变大。对比研究了EC体积分数为9%的溶液与未加EC的溶液的纺丝稳定性,同时对比研究了由这两种溶剂分别制备的纳米纤维膜和微米纤维膜的结构和性能。结果表明,PCL/GAC/EC溶液体系黏度可在24h内保持稳定,满足连续电纺要求;X射线衍射测试结果表明两种纤维膜结晶构型一致,只是结晶度和晶粒大小有所区别;傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明EC对PCL的化学结构没有影响;与微米纤维膜相比,纳米纤维膜的比表面积提高了362.6%,平均孔直径有所减小,接触角有所增大;纳米纤维膜的拉伸断裂应力稍大但断裂应变明显小于微米纤维膜。     

Preparation and properties of PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes

On principle of polymer blend phase separation, PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes were prepared using phase inversion method. The membrane morphology and performance varied with the blending ratio. The PVDF/PVA blends showed incompatibility by the results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) sampling technique. Based on bursting pressure and tensile strengths results, we suggest that the mechanical properties of PVDF/PVA blend membranes are worse than that of PVDF membrane. PVA can improve the hydrophilicity of PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes, which could be illuminated by the decrease in contact angle, the increase in equilibrium water content (EWC) and the variety in dynamic moisture regain. The pure water flux increases while the rejection ratio decreases with PVA content increasing. Moreover, PVA can improve the anti-fouling property of PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes, which could be illuminated by the result of increase coefficient of resistance.     

导热聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚酰胺复合材料的制备与性能

主要研制了导热聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚酰胺复合材料(PBT/PA),选用纳米氧化镁(MgO)为导热填料。首先探讨了基体树脂配比PBT/PA对PBT/PA/MgO复合材料导热和力学性能的影响;然后固定基体树脂配比,考察了纳米氧化镁的添加量对PBT/PA/MgO复合体系的导热性能和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,当PBT/PA配比为1∶1,纳米氧化镁添加量为40wt%时PBT/PA/MgO复合材料在保持一定的力学性能的基础上热导率达到0.787W/(m.K),表明该复合体系具有优良的导热性能和力学性能。此外还研究了不同加工方法对复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响,采用二步法制备的复合材料的导热性能和力学性能较一步法更为优异。利用二步加工法,同时通过调节PBT/PA配比控制共混物的双连续相形态,从而制备出导热性能较好的PBT/PA/MgO复合材料。     

聚乳酸/丝素共混膜的制备及其性能

用分子量为10万的聚乳酸（PLLA）对丝素膜进行改性,研究不同的聚乳酸加入量对丝素膜性能的影响,对聚乳酸/丝素共混膜进行了一系列表征。万能电子试验机的测试结果表明,经聚乳酸改性后,丝素膜的断裂强度,断裂伸长率有了较大的改善,当加入聚乳酸占丝素质量为5%时,丝素膜的强度可达到27.1 MPa,伸长率达4.4%; 改性后的丝素膜的亲水性有一定程度降低,溶失率则明显减小,透汽透湿性也有所提高;红外光谱测试表明,改性后的丝素膜含有较多的β构象成分。     

TPU增韧改性PBT的研究

分别采用醚型和酯型热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)进行增韧改性，并对共混物的性能、形态结构及流变性能进行了研究。结果表明：醚型TPU对PBT有较好的增韧效果，共混物有明显的两相，PBT为连续相，TPU为分散相，当m(PBT)／m(TPU)=100／75时，拉伸屈服强度可达41．7MPa，缺口冲击强度326 J／m，是纯PBT的两倍，断裂伸长率330％；醚型TPU对PBT共混物的表观粘度有较大的影响，当m(PBT)／m(TPU)=100／50时．共混物表观粘度只有纯PBT的20％。     

PBT/Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends—Mechanical,Morphological, and Rheological Characterization

The blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) with thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) at a blending composition of 10–30 wt.% TPE were prepared with an objective to enhance impact toughness of PBT. Two different grades of PBT were selected based on carboxyl end group and viscosity. Melting behavior, mechanical properties, morphology, and rheology of the blends were studied. At all levels of TPE, PBT showed negligible changes in its melting and crystallization temperature; however, percentage crystallinity decreased with an increase in the amount of thermoplastic elastomer. The notched as well as unnotched Izod impact strength of PBT increased with the incorporation of TPE, the increase being about 47% (unnotched) and 54% (notched) with low molecular weight PBT and 18% (unnotched) and 70% (notched) with high molecular weight PBT at 10% TPE level. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the blends decreased steadily as the weight percent of TPE increased. Analysis of the tensile data using predicted theories indicated that at TPE levels of 30 wt.%, the blends cannot take excessive stress because the interfacial adhesion is lowered. Small angle light scattering (SALS) studies of the samples indicated the decreased rate of crystallization and, hence, an increase in spherulitic radius in the presence of TPE. The increasing incorporation of TPE in PBT/TPE blends increased the shear thinning behavior and hence eased processability.     

聚乙烯醇/氧化石墨烯分离膜的结构与性能

成膜材料聚乙烯醇（PVA）易溶胀,稳定性差,氧化石墨烯（GO）具有很好的化学稳定性,以PVA为主要原料,GO为添加剂,聚乙二醇为造孔剂,采用共混法制备了GO含量不同的PVA/GO分离膜,并用光学接触角测量仪、超滤杯等考察了分离膜的亲水性和耐污染性;采用SEM、IR、TGA等表征了分离膜的微观形貌、热学及力学性能。结果表明：GO的加入改善了分离膜的内部孔道、亲水性、纯水通量和耐污染能力,膜的热稳定性和力学性能均得到提高,当GO含量为2%时,分离膜的综合性能达到最优。     

香芹酚/明胶/聚乙烯醇纤维膜的制备 及其抗氧化性能

为了实现香芹酚（CAR）的缓释，减缓食品的氧化变质进程，以可降解聚合物明胶（GEL）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）为基材，CAR为抗氧化剂，采用静电纺丝法制备香芹酚/明胶/聚乙烯醇复合纤维膜（CAR/GEL/PVA纤维膜）。通过SEM、FTIR、XRD对纤维膜的结构进行表征，并测定了纤维膜的抗氧化活性、缓释性能和橄榄油的过氧化值；考察了CAR添加量（以溶液中GEL的质量为基准）对纤维膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明：随着CAR添加量的增加，纺丝溶液的黏度增加，电导率下降，所制备的纤维膜形貌由直径较小且分布均匀转变为直径较大且分布不均匀，从而影响纤维膜的力学性能、抗氧化性能和缓释效果。Ritger-peppas和Weibull模型能较好地拟合缓释过程，其相关系数接近于1，释放规律遵循Fickian扩散机制，且当CAR添加量为5%时，纤维膜的缓释效果最佳。高CAR添加量的CAR/GEL/PVA纤维膜能在油脂类食物中缓慢释放，具有较强的抗氧化活性。在48 h时，CAR添加量为20%的纤维膜的DPPH自由基清除率为82.4%，比未添加CAR纤维膜提升了50.4%，可以有效降低橄榄油的过氧化值。     

Porous boron nitride nanofibers/PVA hydrogels with improved mechanical property and thermal stability

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel is a promising material possessing good chemical stability, high water absorption, excellent biocompatibility and biological aging resistant. However, the poor mechanical performance of PVA hydrogel limits its applications. Here we report the utilization of one-dimensional (1D) BN nanofibers (BNNFs) as nanofillers into PVA matrix to prepare a novel kind of BNNFs/PVA composite hydrogel via a cyclic freezing and thawing method. For comparison, the composite hydrogels using spherical BN nanoparticles i.e. BN nanospheres (BNNSs) as fillers were also prepared. The mechanical properties, thermal stabilities and swelling behaviors of the composite hydrogels were investigated in detail. Our study indicates that the mechanical properties of the hydrogels can be improved by adding of BNNFs. After loading of BNNFs into PVA with content of 0.5?wt%, the compressive strength of the composite hydrogel increases by 252% compared with that of pure PVA hydrogel. The tensile performance of BNNFs/PVA composite hydrogels has also been improved. Impressive 87.8% increases in tensile strengths can be obtained with 1?wt% BNNFs added. In addition, with the increase of BNNFs content, the thermal stability and the swelling ratio of hydrogels are increased gradually. The swelling ratio of hydrogel increases by 56.3% with only 1?wt% BNNFs added. In comparison, the improvement effects of the BNNS fillers on the mechanical strengths and swelling ratios are much weaker. The enhanced effects of BNNFs can be ascribed to the strong hydrogen bond interaction between BNNFs and PVA. The high aspect ratios of the nanofibers should also be took into account.     

Preparation of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes using PVA as pore surface hydrophilic modification agent with improved antifouling performance

Novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were facilely fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution as the coagulation bath through phase inversion method. In the process, PVA was introduced into the pore surfaces of the PVDF membranes via the interdiffusion of the non‐solvent water and the solvent. The effects of PVA content in the coagulation bath on membrane properties were systematically discussed. The results indicated that the increase of PVA content in coagulation bath resulted in the formations of the more sponge‐like structures and the higher surface hydrophilicity. Smaller pore size led to lower water flux and higher bovine serum albumin rejection. Fouling resistance measurement indicated that the membranes made in PVA/water coagulation bath had higher flux recovery ratio (92.1%) than the membrane made in a pure water bath (71.0%). Furthermore, mechanical property test revealed that the resulting membranes had high tensile strength and Young's modulus. In this work, we found that the morphology and the property of the novel PVDF membranes could be determined by the PVA content in the coagulation bath. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E384–E393, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚偏氟乙烯/有机累托土纳米复合超滤膜的制备、表征和性能研究

用溶液插层法制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/有机累托土(OREC)纳米复合超滤膜,研究了OREC含量对复合膜力学性能、表面粗糙度、微观形貌、结晶行为和亲水性的影响,并测定了复合膜的性能。结果表明:OREC的加入对复合膜微观形貌有重要影响,使膜的孔隙率从44.6%增加至71.3%;OREC的加入有利于PVDF中亲水性β相的生成,在其含量较高时能显著提高复合膜的表面粗糙度和表面亲水性,并能同时提高复合膜的纯水通量和蛋白截留率;刚性OREC片层的加入,能显著改善复合膜的力学性能,对弹性模量的增强尤为明显,可达纯PVDF膜的5.8倍。