人乳腺癌组织中D2-40标记的微淋巴管密度与血管内皮生长因子C表达的关系

目的 探讨人乳腺癌组织中D2-40标记的微淋巴管密度(LMVD)与血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)表达的关系.方法 收集102例乳腺癌、25例乳腺纤维腺瘤和10例正常乳腺组织标本,采用免疫组化SP法检测D2-40单抗标记的LMVD和VEGF-C蛋白的表达水平,采用原位杂交法检测VEGF-C mRNA的转录水平. 结果 102例人乳腺癌组织中,D2-40标记微淋巴管的阳性率为76.5%,高于乳腺纤维腺瘤组织.癌周组织的LMVD为30.1个微淋巴管/100倍视野,显著高于癌中心区、正常乳腺组织和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织的LMVD (均P＜0.01),且与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移数目明显相关(r=0.964,P<0.01).102例乳腺癌组织中,VEGF-C蛋白和mRNA的阳性表达率分别为55.9%和59.8%,均高于乳腺纤维腺瘤组织(χ2=11.653,P=0.003;χ2=10.345,P=0.006),且与淋巴结转移数目、临床分期、c-erbB-2和p53基因的表达相关(均P<0.05).VEGF-C蛋白和mRNA的表达水平均与D2-40标记的LMVD相关(P<0.05),尤其见于癌周组织中(P<0.01).结论 D2-40单抗标记的LMVD与VEGF-C的表达有密切关系,VEGF-C参与的乳腺癌微淋巴管的生成在乳腺癌淋巴转移中有重要意义.     

p53基因codon 72多态性与乳腺癌的相关性研究*

目的:研究p53基因codon 72 多态性与乳腺癌患者的年龄、病理分期、淋巴结转移、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、c-erbB-2、P53蛋白表达情况的相关性。方法:TaqMan探针方法检测277 例乳腺癌患者血液标本的p53基因codon 72多态性。免疫组化SP法检测匹配肿瘤组织中ER、PR、c-erbB-2 和P53蛋白的表达情况。SPSS16.0 软件行统计学分析,p53基因多态性与病理学特征关系用χ2检验,非条件Logistic回归分析基因多态性与ER、PR、c-erbB-2、P53蛋白表达的相关性,计算OR值及其95% 可信区间（95% CI）。 P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:p53基因codon 72基因型为CC/CG/GG,频率分别为22.0% 、51.3% 和26.7% ,携带CC、CG、GG基因型的患者发病年龄逐渐降低,但无统计学差异;p53基因codon 72多态性与临床病理学特征无关,与ER、PR、c-erbB-2 和P53蛋白表达无相关性（P>0.05）。 肿瘤组织P53蛋白表达与ER、PR、c-erbB-2 蛋白表达密切相关（χ2=13.492,P=0.000;χ2=3.970,P=0.046;χ2=17.956,P=0.000）。 结论:p53基因codon 72多态性与P53蛋白表达及病理学特征无相关性,P53蛋白表达与ER、PR、c-erbB-2 蛋白表达关系密切。p53基因codon 72基因型与患者发病年龄的关系有待扩大样本量进一步研究。      

血清TPS表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征相关性的研究

目的:研究组织多肽特异性抗原(TPS)在乳腺癌患者血清中的表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系.方法:用ELISA 法检测53例乳腺癌患者、50例乳腺良性疾病患者及50例正常女性的血清TPS水平;SP法检测ER、PR、c-erbB-2和Ki-67.结果:乳腺癌患者血清TPS水平及检测阳性率均明显高于乳腺良性疾病和正常对照组(t=-9.275,P=0.001;t=-11.25,P=0.001).TPS阳性率和表达水平均随着临床分期的进展而升高.53例原发性乳腺癌中,肿块直径≤2 cm组与＞2 cm组的TPS差异无统计学意义;ER/PR阴性组与阳性组血清TPS水平差异有统计学意义(t=3.072,P=0.003; t=2.75,P=0.006);c-erbB-2阴性组与阳性组血清TPS水平差异有统计学意义,t=-3.981,P=0.001.血清TPS表达与ER、PR、c-erbB-2和Ki-67相关性显著(r=-0.512,P=0.001; r=-0.624,P=0.001 ;r=0.441,P=0.001 ;r=0.514,P=0.001); TPS表达均与腋淋巴结转移有关,与转移数目无明显关系.结论:TPS可作为乳腺癌血清肿瘤标志.TPS表达与乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移、ER、PR、c-erbB-2 和Ki-67有关,提示TPS可能可以作为乳腺癌评估及预后判断的指标.     

乳腺癌ER、PR、p53及C—erbB-2癌基因的多因素分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织ER、PR、 p53及c-erbB-2 癌基因蛋白表达与淋巴结转移、患者年龄及组织学类型的相关性.方法: 采用乳腺组织免疫组化SP法检测124例乳腺癌患者中ER、PR、 p53及c-erbB-2的表达,并分析其临床意义.结果:ER、 PR 的阳性表达率与淋巴结转移、患者年龄及组织学类型的无关.(P>0.05),ER、 PR 与 p53及c-erbB-2、表达之间存在负相关性,p53、 c-erbB-2 阳性表达率与有无淋巴结转移、年龄有关(P<0.05),与组织学类型无关(P> 0.05).结论:ER、PR、 p53及c-erbB-2 的检测对乳腺癌治疗方案的制定和预后估计有重要临床意义.     

p53及bcl-2蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及与c-erbB-2表达的相关性

目的探讨p53及bcl-2蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达情况,并分析其与c-erbB-2表达的相关性。方法选取50例乳腺癌患者,搜集其临床资料并进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行手术治疗并采集其乳腺癌组织(观察组,n=50)及癌旁正常乳腺组织(对照组,n=50)。采用免疫组化法检测并比较各组织标本中p53及bcl-2蛋白表达情况,分析其与乳腺癌组织病理分级的关系。另据乳腺癌组织中c-erbB-2蛋白表达情况分为c-erbB-2阳性组(n=37)及c-erbB-2阴性组(n=13),Person相关性分析评估p53、bcl-2蛋白与c-erbB-2蛋白表达的相关性。结果对照组及观察组中p53蛋白阳性表达率分别为0.00%、64.00%;bcl-2蛋白阳性表达率分别为88.00%、64.00%。观察组p53蛋白阳性表达率显著高于对照组,而观察组bcl-2蛋白阳性表达率显著低于对照组(P<0.01);p53蛋白阳性率随乳腺癌组织病理分级升高而逐渐升高,bcl-2蛋白阳性表达率随乳腺癌组织病理分级升高而逐渐降低,各级别间差异显著(P<0.05)。c-erbB-2阳性组中p53蛋白阳性表达率显著高于c-erbB-2阴性组,bcl-2蛋白阳性表达率显著低于c-erbB-2阴性组,且乳腺癌组织中p53蛋白与c-erbB-2蛋白表达显著正相关(γ=0.894,P<0.01),而bcl-2蛋白与c-erbB-2蛋白表达显著负相关(γ=-0.803,P<0.01)。结论乳腺癌组织中p53蛋白高表达,bcl-2蛋白低表达,且乳腺癌组织中p53蛋白与c-erbB-2蛋白表达显著正相关,而bcl-2蛋白与c-erbB-2蛋白表达显著负相关。     

乳腺癌组织中c-erbB-2 p53 PCNA及bcl-2蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA及bcl-2在乳腺癌中的表达与乳腺癌病理生物学行为的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学方法对56例乳腺癌组织切片c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA及bcl-2的表达进行检测.结果:c-erbB-2表达41.1%,与组织学分级呈正相关,与临床分期、病理类型、患者年龄(≥35岁)、ER、PR受体关系不密切;p53蛋白表达48.2%,与组织学分级、ER、PR受体呈正相关,与患者年龄(≥35岁)、临床分期、病理类型呈负相关;全组PCNA表达100%;bcl-2表达50.0%,与组织学分级、病理类型、ER、PR受体呈负相关,与临床分期呈正相关,与患者年龄(≥35岁)关系不密切.结论:生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA及bcl-2应与临床预后因素临床期别、组织学分级等联合应用,提高对乳腺癌预后评价的正确性.     

妊娠对TA2小鼠乳腺癌生长影响的初步研究

目的:通过检测妊娠环境对TA2小鼠乳腺癌生长的影响,初步探讨人妊娠相关乳腺癌发生发展的机制.方法:收集TA2自发乳腺癌小鼠84只,观察其生物学行为、形态及免疫表型特征;建立妊娠TA2小鼠乳腺癌移植瘤模型(n=20),检测妊娠环境下肿瘤生长;电化学法检测小鼠血清雌二醇与孕酮浓度,Real-time PCR检测妊娠组肿瘤和乳腺组织ERα和PR mRNA相对表达,免疫组织化学染色检测ERα、PR、p53、PCNA和CD31在各组瘤组织内的表达.结果:TA2自发乳腺癌均发生于妊娠期或哺乳期,易内脏转移,乳腺癌分化程度低,不表达ER和PR,表达p53.妊娠组肿瘤生长速度显著加快,肿瘤体积和重量均大于对照组(t=4.142,P<0.001),且癌组织PCNA表达水平增高.TA2孕鼠体内血清雌二醇和孕酮水平显著增高(t=-1.568,-8.927,P=0.168,0.001),而ERα和PR mRNA相对表达相对很低(t=12.245,10.933,P<0.001,0.001),肿瘤血管数量增多.结论:TA2自发乳腺癌与人妊娠相关乳腺癌相似,妊娠促进TA2乳腺癌生长,但雌二醇与孕酮对乳腺癌增殖的促进作用可能是间接实现的.     

乳腺癌组织中c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床乳腺癌预后因素的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对1180例乳腺癌组织c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23的表达进行检测.结果 c-erbB-2表达与患者年龄(≥35岁)、肿瘤临床期别、腋淋巴结状态、组织学分级呈负相关,与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)呈正相关;p53蛋白表达与患者临床期别、组织学分级、病理类型呈负相关,与腋淋巴结状态呈正相关;PCNA表达与患者临床期别、腋淋巴结状况呈负相关,与ER、PR呈正相关;nm23蛋白表达与患者腋淋巴结状态呈负相关,与病理类型、ER、PR呈正相关.结论生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23与临床期别、组织学分级、腋淋巴结状态及病理类型等联合应用,有助于提高对乳腺癌预后评价的正确性.     

Pgp、p53与c—erbB—2蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中Pgp、p53与c-erbB-2蛋白的表达水平、相互关系及其临床意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学ABC法,检测82例手术切除乳腺癌组织中Pgp、p53及c-erbB-2蛋白的表达水平。结果 乳腺癌组织中Pgp、p53及c-erbB-2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为42.7%,13.4%和54.4%;P－gp与p53蛋白表达有显著相关性（P＜0.05）,与c-erbB-2蛋白表达无显著相关性（P＞0.05);P-gp表达在不同年龄、不同病理类型、有无淋巴结转移及临床分期之间无显著性差异;P-gp阳性组和P-gp阴性组5年无瘤生存率无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论 乳腺癌组织具有多药耐药性;p53蛋白表达与P-gp表达有相关关系。     

乳腺癌组织中c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床乳腺癌预后因素的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对1180例乳腺癌组织切片c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23的表达进行检测.结果 c-erbB-2表达与患者年龄(≥35岁)、临床期别、腋淋巴结状态、组织学分级呈负相关,与ER、PR受体呈正相关;p53蛋白的表达与患者临床期别、组织学分级、病理类型呈负相关,与腋淋巴结状态呈正相关;PCNA的表达与患者临床期别、腋淋巴结状况呈负相关,与ER、PR呈正相关;nm23蛋白的表达与患者腋淋巴结状态呈负相关,与病理类型、ER、PR呈正相关.结论生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23应与临床预后因素(临床期别、组织学分级、腋淋巴结状态及病理类型等)联合应用,有助于提高对乳腺癌预后评价的正确性.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.