Effects of oxidation treatment on properties of SiO2f/SiO2-BN composites

The silica fiber reinforced silica and boron nitride-based composites (SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN) were prepared firstly via the sol-gel method and then the urea route, and the effects of oxidation treatment on the component, structure, mechanical and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the oxidation treatment at 450 °C will not impair the structure of boron nitride, and carbon is the main impurity with the excessive urea. The density of SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN composites is 1.81 g/cm³, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are 113.9 MPa and 36.5 GPa, respectively. After oxidation treatment, the density varies to 1.80 g/cm³, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are decreased to 58.9 MPa and 9.4 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites are severely damaged, but they still exhibit a good toughness. The composites show excellent dielectric properties with the dielectric constant and loss tangent being 3.22 and 0.003 9, respectively, which indicates that the oxidation treatment is ineffective to improve the dielectric properties of SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN composites.     

固化剂用量对SF/UF共混复合材料力学性能的影响

剑麻纤维(SF)经碱处理后与自制的低毒改性脲醛树脂(UF)、固化剂等原料进行捏合、模压成型,制成SF/UF共混复合材料,研究了不同固化剂用量对复合材料力学性能的影响:并用DSC对树脂进行了固化分析,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的微观形貌进行了观察.结果表明,固化剂用量对复合材料的力学性能有较大影响:用量为1.0%时,复合材料的冲击强度达到12.39 kJ/m2,磨损体积仅为1.47×10 mm3,弯曲强度达到了55.24 MPa.     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure characterization of 3D stitched quartz fibers-reinforced silica composites

The mechanical properties of silica material in the monolithic form are ;far from acceptable levels. In this paper, 3D stitched quartz preform was used for the fiber reinforcement, and quartz fibers- reinforced silica composites were prepared by the silica sol-infiltration-sintering method. The density of the composite was up to 1.71 g/cm3 after 10 infiltration-sintering cycles. The flexural strength and the in-plane shear strength were 61.7 MPa and 20.3 MPa, respectively. The flexural stress-deflection curve exhibited mostly nonlinear behavior, which was different from that of monolithic ceramics. Because of the existence of the fiber in Z axis direction, shearing property between the different layers of 3D stitched composites were greatly enhanced. Toughness effect of the 3D stitched quartz preform was conspicuous. The as-fabricated composites showed non-catastronhic failure behavior resulting from weak fiber/matrix interface.     

纤维纳米混凝土力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能的研究

通过坍落度、贯入阻力试验,不同龄期抗压强度、劈拉强度和抗折强度试验以及氯盐溶液浸泡干湿循环试验,探讨了钢纤维掺量、纳米矿粉种类和掺量以及混凝土基体强度对纤维纳米混凝土工作性能、凝结时间、基本力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.结果表明:随钢纤维掺量增加,纤维纳米混凝土坍落度逐渐减小,各龄期强度和28 d龄期抗氯离子渗透性能呈增大趋势;随纳米SiO2掺量增加,拌合物坍落度快速降低,初凝、终凝时间缩短,各龄期强度整体呈上升趋势且抗氯离子渗透性能逐渐提高;随纳米CaCO3掺量增加,坍落度先增加后减小,初凝时间逐渐缩短,终凝时间变化不显著,各龄期强度呈增大趋势且抗氯离子渗透性能逐渐提高;随混凝土基体强度降低,坍落度快速增大,初凝和终凝时间迅速延长,各龄期强度和28 d龄期抗氯离子渗透性能逐渐降低.钢纤维的掺入,改善了混凝土的破坏形式;纳米矿粉的掺入,改善了混凝土的微观结构,增加了混凝土基体的密实度.混凝土中掺入适量的纤维和纳米矿粉,有效改善了混凝土的性能.     

Fabrication of high performance 3D SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> composite via perhydropolysilazane infiltration and pyrolysis

The continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites have received consider-able attention for structural applications because of their excellent thermal stability, light weight, and damage tolerance imparted by the reinforcing fibers. Silica fibers, with ex-cellent ablative resistance, thermal shock damage resistance, dielectric properties, chemical stability and flexibility, are suitable for fabricating high temperature antenna window materials to meet the requirements of communication, …     

Processing and properties of 2D SiC/SiC composites by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis

Two-dimensional plain-weave silicon carbide fiber fabric reinforced silicon carbide (2D-SiC/SiC) composites were molded by stacking method and densified through precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. SiC coating was deposited as the fiber/matrix interphase layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Fiber/matrix debonding and relatively long fiber pullouts were observed on the fracture surfaces. Additionally, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composites with and without fiber/matrix interphase layer were investigated using three-point bending test and single-edge notched beam test. The results show that the fiber fraction and the porosity of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 27.2% (volume fraction) and 11.1%, and 40.7% (volume fraction) and 7.5%, respectively. And the flexural strength and elastic modulus of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 363.3 MPa and 127.8 GPa, and 180.2 MPa and 97.2 GPa, respectively. With a proper thickness, the coating can effectively adjust the fiber/matrix interface, thus causing a dramatic increase in the mechanical properties of the composites. Foundation item: Project(NCET-07-0228) support by the New Century Excellent Talents in University     

短竹纤维增强苯酚-淀粉树脂复合材料研究

采用短竹纤维与苯酚-淀粉树脂混合、捏合、辊炼、粉碎、模压成型,制备复合材料,研究了短竹纤维含量对复合材料弯曲强度、冲击强度、吸水性的影响,确定了复合材料典型原料配方、辊炼与模压工艺参数,并对复合材料性能进行了测试和分析.结果表明,短竹纤维含量对复合材料性能影响较大;按文中典型原料配方和工艺,能够制备综合性能优良的复合材料,特别是具有很高的耐热性（热变形温度172℃）,优良的阻燃性能、电性能.     

Processing and performance of 2D fused-silica fiber reinforced porous Si_3N_4 matrix composites

Two-dimension(2D)fused-silica fiber reinforced porous silicon nitride matrix composites were fabricated using slurry impregnation and cyclic infiltration with colloidal silica sol.The microstructure and fracture surface were characterized by SEM,the mechanical behavior was investigated by three-point bending test,and the dielectric constant was also measured by impedance analy- sis.The microstructure showed that the fiber and the matrix had a physical bonding,forming a clearance interface.The mechanical behavior suggested that the porous matrix acted as crack deflection,and the fracture surface had a lot of fiber pull-out.However,the interlaminar shear strength was not so good.The dielectric constant of the composites at room temperature was about 2.8-3.1.The relatively low dielectric constant and non-catastrophic failure indicated the potential application in the radome materials field.     

Effect of sintering additives on properties of Si3N4-BN composites fabricated via die pressing and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis route

The Si3N4-BN composites have been prepared via die pressing and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis route using borazine as precursor, and the effect of sintering additives on properties of the composites has been investigated. After sintering additives are adopted, the α to β phase transition of Si3N4 and the mechanical properties of the composites at both room temperature and high temperature are all increased with small extent. When using Y2O3+Al2O3 as additives, the phase transition of Si3N4 and the mechanical properties of the composites have better results. The β-Si3N4 content is 17.47%. The fl exural strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the composites are 188.74 MPa, 84.34 GPa and 2.96 MPa?m1/2, respectively. After exposed at 1 000 ℃ in the air for 15 min, the fl exural strength of the composites is 154.62 MPa with a residual ratio of 81.92%. The elongated β-Si3N4 grains appear in all composites with different sintering additives. Relatively more rod like β-Si3N4 grains can be observed in composites with Y2O3+Al2O3 as additives, making it to possess better mechanical properties.     

Processing and characterization of Cf/SiC composites

Carbon fiber-reinforced SiC composites were prepared by precursor pyrolysis-hot pressing （PP-HP） and precursor impregnation-pyrolysis （PIP）, respectively. The effect of fabrication methods on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. It was found that the composite prepared by PP-HP exhibits a brittle fracture behavior, which is mainly ascribed to a strongly bonded fiber/matrix interface and the degradation of the fibers caused by a higher processing temperature. On the contrary, the composite prepared by PIP shows a tough fracture behavior, which could be rationalized on the basis of a weakly bonded fiber/matrix interface as well as a higher strength retention of the fibers. As a result, in comparison with the composite prepared by PP-HP, the composite prepared by PIP achieves better mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 573.4 MPa and a fracture toughness of 17.2 MPa.m^1/2.     

稀土掺杂WSi2/MoSi2材料的合成及其性能

采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）和机械合金化（MA）方法复合制备了稀土质量分数为0．2％～2．0％的WSi2／MoSi2复合材料．利用MRH-5A型环一块式摩擦磨损试验机测定了复合材料试样与CrWMn钢在油润滑条件下的滑动磨损性能，研究了稀土含量对材料的微观结构、力学性能以及摩擦学性能的影响．结果表明：稀土增强的WSi2／MoSi2复合材料具有细晶组织结构，较高的抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性以及较好的耐磨性能，在稀土质量分数为0．5％～0．8％时，复合材料具有最佳的力学性能和摩擦学性能．基体的致密化及强化有利于降低其摩擦磨损．此外，采用SHS＋MA工艺可在低的烧结温度获得高致密度的复合材料．     

竹纤维/水泥复合材料力学性能和耐久性的试验研究

利用竹纤维制备了水泥基复合材料,采用正交试验法得到了纤维掺量、纤维长度、减水剂和水灰比四个因素的最佳试验条件.在此基础上测试了该复合材料在不同龄期抗压强度和抗折强度.针对竹纤维的机械性能在碱性水泥浆中会逐渐恶化的缺点,对竹纤维表面预涂了乳液并进行了耐久性对比测试.结果表明,加入预处理的竹纤维制备出的水泥基复合材料的力学性能和耐久性得到了显著改善.     

烧结温度对BN陶瓷材料强度的影响

采用热压烧结(HP)法制备纯BN陶瓷和B2O3-BN陶瓷复合材料．利用三点弯曲方法测定了这两种材料的抗弯强度、弹性模量等力学性能，通过扫描电镜对两种材料的断口进行了分析。结果表明：纯BN陶瓷烧结温度达到1800℃时相对质量密度和强度较低；添加B2O3烧结温度超过900℃时可以形成液相，改善了BN的烧结性能，提高了B2O3-BN复合陶瓷的相对质量密度，从而提高了材料的强度。     

硅烷偶联剂对EPDM／PP／SiO2共混物性能的影响

采用熔体流动速率仪、万能材料试验机和热变形温度测定仪考察硅烷偶联剂对EPDM／PP／SiO2共混物性能的影响。结果表明,加入偶联剂改性的白炭黑,熔体流动速率和热变形温度提高且起到补强的作用;在相同用量下,偶联剂Si-69比偶联剂KH-570对EPDM／PP／SiO2共混物具有更好的偶联效果。     

Processing and performance of 2D fused-silica fiber reinforced porous Si3N4 matrix composites

Two-dimension （2D） fused-silica fiber reinforced porous silicon nitride matrix composites were fabricated using slurry impregnation and cyclic infiltration with colloidal silica sol. The microstructure and fracture surface were characterized by SEM, the mechanical behavior was investigated by three-point bending test, and the dielectric constant was also measured by impedance analysis. The microstructure showed that the fiber and the matrix had a physical bonding, forming a clearance interface. The mechanical behavior suggested that the porous matrix acted as crack deflection, and the fracture surface had a lot of fiber pull-out. However, the interlaminar shear strength was not so good. The dielectric constant of the composites at room temperature was about 2.8-3.1. The relatively low dielectric constant and non-catastrophic failure indicated the potential application in the radome materials field. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

纤维掺量对聚丙烯粗纤维陶粒混凝土力学性能的影响

在2种轻混凝土基体（LC25,LC30）和3种纤维体积掺量（0.5％,1.0％,1.5％）基础上,对聚丙烯粗纤维陶粒混凝土力学性能进行了试验研究.结果表明：陶粒混凝土立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度随着纤维掺量的增大,都表现出先增加后降低的特性,并且都在纤维掺量为1％时获得最大强度;而抗冲击性能则随纤维掺量增大不断提高.在实际应用时,聚丙烯粗纤维掺量不宜超过1.0％.     

混合纤维对尼龙66的增刚研究

以尼龙66（PA66）为基体,研究和分析玻璃纤维和碳纤维混杂对尼龙66增刚的影响.固定玻璃纤维质量分数为24.6%,改变碳纤维的质量分数,将玻璃纤维（GF）、碳纤维（CF）先用硅烷偶联剂KH550进行表面处理,用双螺杆挤出造粒和注塑成型方式制备GF/CF增刚PA66复合材料,对试样进行拉伸模量、拉伸强度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度等性能测试,并利用扫描电镜分析复合体系的冲击断面特征.研究结果表明：GF/CF混合纤维对PA66具有很好的增刚效果.     

多向编织炭/炭的复合材料烧蚀性能

利用以星型交流电弧加热器为核心的地面模拟系统对三维5D编织炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀行为进行了考核,通过对材料烧蚀表面温度、形貌的在线实时监测及烧蚀后微观结构的观察,研究了该类材料的烧蚀行为.研究发现:三维5D编织炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀是热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀的综合作用,构件边缘区域以机械剥蚀为主,中心区域表现为热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀相互耦合,没有明确的分界;基体炭与炭纤维的抗烧蚀性能相差较大,炭纤维的抗热化学烧蚀性能、抗机械剥蚀性能明显高于基体炭,烧蚀后试件烧蚀表面仅剩下凸起的纤维束骨架结构;三维5D编织炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀性能表现出较强的各向异性,在轴向体现为单根纤维失去周围基体支持而发生剥离,抗烧蚀性能相比较好;在径向体现为烧蚀表面脱层,抗烧蚀性能相比较差.     

填料对木塑复合材料弯曲性能的影响

大掺量添加填料可以大幅度地降低生产成本,但同时也会对材料性能产生一定影响.试验研究了木粉、碳酸钙、粉煤灰的掺量对木塑复合材料弯曲性能的影响.结果表明：随着木粉掺量的增加,木塑材料的弯曲强度先增加后降低,当木粉掺量达到60%时,弯曲强度达到最大值.随着碳酸钙掺量的增加,木塑材料的弯曲强度先增加后降低,当其掺量达到30%时,弯曲强度达到最大值,掺加粉煤灰也呈现相同规律.     

Preparation of BN／SiO2 ceramics by PIP method

The precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP) method for preparation of BN/SiO2 composites was used to improve mechanical properties, dielectric properties and feasibility of high temperature dielectric parts with large dimensions and complex shapes. In the processing procedure, the porous BN ceramic matrix was first successfully prepared by compacting the mixed powders of B and BN and then sintering them at a certain temperature under normal pressure of N2. The polycarbosilane(PCS) solution was vacuum infiltrated into porous BN ceramics at the room temperature and then at 800℃ in the air to depolimerize out amorphous SiO2, and sintered further at 1 300℃ in N2 to get BN/SiO2 composites. The microstructure of materials was studied by means of X-ray diffraction and electron probe micro analysis. The thermo-decomposition mechanism of PCS was investigated by a TG-DTA and infrared (IR) spectrum analysis. The flexural strengths were measured by the three-point bending method. The dielectric constant and the loss tangent were measured by the wave-guide method. The results show BN/SiO2 composites were fabricated. The obtained composites posses a flexural strength of 61.96 - 93.31 MPa, the dielectric constant in the range of 3.50 - 3.78 and the order of magnitude of the loss tangent at 10^-3 , which are good for the high tempera turedielectric parts with large size and complex shapes.