基于系统设计思维理念下的交互产品设计研究

目的针对交互设计师在构建交互产品设计时的系统性思维,以用户体验、服务设计理念上的交互产品设计模型为研究对象,创造和优化交互产品设计模式。方法以博物馆交互产品设计为实验样本,基于系统设计思维理念,将交互产品设计置于用户体验、服务设计理念、情景设计理念分析中,阐释基于系统思维的交互产品情感化特征,包括用户情感需求和产品服务生态系统,以及心智模型与概念模型的关系和视觉系统呈现,阐释产品交互界面的数据动态可视化、虚拟现实的游戏化、服务式设计等方式。结论探索了用户体验、服务设计理念在交互产品设计中的应用,提出了"目标—建模—行为—体验"的综合层级的系统模式,有利于满足产品经理和交互设计师开展交互产品设计的需求,提升用户体验和交互产品的优化设计,在系统设计思维理论下,优化了交互产品设计感知行为、情感体验行为,实现了引导转换和系统改良,提升了设计策略的时效性。     

基于用户心智模型的产品设计

产品设计的目的是最大限度的满足用户需求,在以用户为中心的设计理念下,通过对用户心智模型的研究来理解产品的用户,设计出更适宜用户使用的产品。就用户心智模型的形成与特征进行阐释,分析了用户与设计师、用户与用户之间的心智模型差异,总结出将心智模型应用于产品设计中的理论与方法,旨在有效提升企业产品开发与创新的效度。     

用户认知视角下的产品设计方法研究

目的 为提高用户认知与产品映射关系的明确性与有效性,提升产品使用过程中用户认知的满意度。方法 从用户认知视角出发,结合信息加工模型,集成认知任务分析方法与结构方程模型,解构用户认知与产品体验的映射关系,构建用户认知视角下的产品设计方法流程。结果 以老年代步车作为设计研究对象。首先,通过认知任务分析方法明确产品“认知任务—认知路径—设计要素—产品体验”的设计分析流程;其次,引入结构方程模型以确定代步车设计要素权重,识别不同产品体验中的关键设计要素;最后,结合用户人群需求,进行设计决策和方案细化。结论 该方法可识别用户对产品的关键认知触点,减少用户认知在设计创造过程产生的“黑箱”,帮助设计师确定用户认知与产品体验之间的建构路径,为设计师在具体的实践活动中提供明确的设计依据,丰富了认知心理学在设计领域的实践研究。     

基于情境感知的移动消防产品功能设计研究

目的针对现阶段消防产品功能单一,无法满足复杂多变环境下的用户深度需求的问题,从情境出发研究挖掘用户对移动消防产品功能设计的深度需求,为移动消防产品的功能优化提供指导。方法以情境中的环境、用户和任务为切入点,研究情境感知理论中环境情境、用户情境、任务情境。采用实时监测的方式获取数据,所得数据进行无量纲化综合分析并构建情境感知模型以获取用户需求,将用户需求与产品功能匹配。通过模拟火场情境,应用情境感知模型转化模拟情境下用户深度需求,结合消防产品设计准则建立反映火场情境下产品功能设计清单,利用主成分分析法对产品功能进行权重分析实现移动消防产品功能优化设计。结论通过模拟火场情境提取出用户的深度需求,实践于移动消防产品设计中,为移动消防产品功能优化开发提供了依据;同时也证实了情境感知理论在产品功能设计领域中可以有效加深用户对产品功能的深度理解。     

信息可视化及知识可视化对医疗决策的影响探究

目的从医疗服务设计的角度入手,研究可视化手段对医疗决策的影响,以期达到缓解医患纠纷的作用。方法在实际医疗决策情境中,以可视化影响决策行为理论为基础,对知识可视化及信息可视化进行对比研究。展示了数据间关系的信息可视化无法满足与经验、态度、价值观、判断及偏好等因素相关决策的需求,这属于知识可视化的范畴。结论医疗决策情境的复杂性要求设计师根据情境灵活地使用知识可视化及信息可视化手段。     

基于KANO模型的后共享时代单车设计决策研究——从设计师与消费者视角

目的 探究消费者对共享单车的需求偏好,获取用户和设计师对产品的认知差距,并提出相应的设计决策,为共享单车以及两轮车行业的产品创新提供启迪与参考。方法 从设计师思维与消费者偏好的视角出发,对共享单车消费者偏好的各项设计原则(属性)进行细致分类,建立8个评价维度与41个评价特征,采用KANO模型对有效回收样本进行定量统计及定性分析。结果 基于前期调研与KANO模型分析,提出后共享时代单车设计的相关策略。结论 在后共享单车时代下,设计师需要根据用户真实的产品偏好与体验感知进行设计策略的研究,以设计出真正满足用户需求和体验期望的产品。同时也证明KANO模型作为一种阐明用户不同感性需求的方法,有助于设计师进行设计决策的综合判断,提升设计的竞争力。     

基于情境意识的汽车导航界面设计研究

目的研究基于情境意识的汽车导航交互界面的设计方法。方法分析汽车导航交互中用户情境意识的认知机制,将用户情境意识的内部思维特点映射到汽车导航交互界面设计过程中。结论从感知、理解、预测3个层级描述了汽车导航交互中用户情境意识的生成过程,对汽车导航用户情境意识产生的心智模型进行了归类,通过心智模型特点分析了汽车导航界面设计策略,最后通过设计实践对理论进行了可行性验证。     

绿色IT可持续设计理念下基于量化自我的智能服装交互设计

目的智能服装通过可穿戴计算和量化自我的方式收集个体小数据,物联网(Io T)和万联网(Io E)将小数据和大数据相连接,将用户体验从以用户为中心的设计(UCD)向用户参与式设计(UPD)转化,形成绿色IT的可持续设计。方法采用用户参与式设计的方法,利用嵌入在智能服装中的传感器收集穿衣者的身体量化自我的个人小数据,并进行信息可视化和交互设计。通过情境感知、意识感知和情感感知,建立信息架构和敏捷交互模型,提出以意义为中心的交互设计方法。通过映射心智模型,发掘利益相关者和交互逻辑动线。通过敏捷交互和直觉交互的实时高保真原型进行迭代式的可用性测试。结论人工智能能够应用于交互设计,将情境角色设计转变为"为真实的用户做真实的设计",提出了基于小数据量化自我的绿色IT可持续设计理念指导下的参与式交互设计方法。     

心智模型在产品创新设计中的应用策略研究

目的 探讨心智模型在产品创新设计中一种新的应用策略。方法 以心智模型理论中Indi Young提出的“亲和图”方法为基础,结合现有产品设计案例,对用户任务—行为流程进行深入的分析对比。结果 总结出心智模型在产品创新设计中的4种应用策略,即填补、合并、拆分和变异,并阐述了4种应用策略分别适用于何种类型的产品设计。结论 通过对这4种策略的充分运用,可以帮助设计师更有目的地进行用户研究,给设计师以及企业进行产品创新带来新的思路。     

基于情境感知的O2O小程序设计策略研究

目的探索情境感知理论在O2O小程序设计中的应用,提出基于情境感知理论与KANO-AHP模型的O2O小程序设计流程,旨在定性、定量地分析用户需求,为O2O小程序的设计提供以用户体验为中心的指导建议。方法以情境感知理论为基础,从用户情境、产品情境、环境情境三方面分析用户对O2O小程序功能和设计上的需求,并结合专家用户访谈对需求进行修正,得出用户需求集合;随后运用KANO模型对各项需求进行筛选与分类,构建O2O小程序的用户需求层次结构;再通过AHP法确定各项用户需求权重及重要性排序,进而提出设计策略。结论通过运用情境感知理论和KANO-AHP模型,全面、准确地分析了二十二项O2O小程序用户需求,并对综合权重位列前十的用户需求进行分析,分别从产品架构、内容展示、便捷服务三方面提出设计策略和建议,为O2O小程序的设计提供重点,提高O2O小程序的用户体验和满意度。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.