混合式教学在消化系统疾病护理整合课程中的应用探讨

目的：构建“线上与线下+大班与小班”混合式教学模式，并评价该模式教学效果。方法：选择我校2018～2019年护理学专业学生为研究对象。分别采用传统的授课模式和“线上与线下+大班与小班”混合式教学模式。比较两组学生的课程考核成绩、自主学习能力和课程满意度。结果：试验组护生的课程考核成绩、自主学习能力、课程满意度得分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：开展“线上与线下+大班与小班”相结合的混合式教学模式有助于学生综合能力的培养，教学设计时要注重学生自主学习能力培养，教师应做好教学指导。     

混合式教学结合“PDCA”循环模式在《科研思路与方法》课程中的应用研究

混合式教学结合“PDCA”循环模式是一种新型教学模式，备受推崇。本研究将“PDCA”循环理论结合“教学+讨论”混合式教学方式应用于《科研思路与方法》课程教学中，培养学生自主学习的能力和创新思维，从而提高教学质量，实现教学相长。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间高校文献检索课程分阶段多种教学模式的应用

文献检索与文献分析是一门提高学生自主学习能力和独立研究问题能力的方法学课程。在新冠肺炎疫情防控期间，为切实落实教育部“停课不停学”的指导思想，保质保量地完成教学任务，基于文献检索课程的理论教学、实践教学、综合利用3个教学阶段，在翻转课堂的基础上嵌入其他多种教学模式，取得了较好的教学效果。     

医用物理学课程的任务和困难

医用物理学教学大纲(草案)规定这门课程的任务和目的是:“婕学生比较系统地掌握医学科学所需要的物理基本理论、基本知识、基本技能,培养学生辩证唯物主义世界观和分析问题、解决问题的能力,为学生学习后续课程以及将来从事医疗卫生、科学研究工作打下必要的物理基础。”这是对一门基础课程应有的要求,然而,达到这个要求决非易事。课程设置情况使这门课程的教学面临一些困难:(一)教学时数与教学内容的份量     

一种基于研究性教学理念的教学考核评价体系试验

目的 建立符合各门课程实际的教学考核评价体系,推进以“学生为中心”和“自主学习”为主要内容的教学改革。方法 选择11门课程（涉及7个专业15个自然班）,针对各门课程特点分别建立考核评价体系,对随机选择的6门课程的总评成绩和期末成绩进行分析比较。结果 6门课程的总评成绩均明显高于期末成绩（P<0.05）;总评成绩与期末成绩的分布明显不同,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,总评成绩的分数段分布更合理。结论 所建立的教学考核评价体系,能更加客观地对学生进行评价,符合研究性教学理念。     

基于自主学习的生物化学教学浅析——以核苷酸代谢为例

生物化学是一门重要的医学基础课程,为在教学过程中培养学生的自主性和创新性,本文以核苷酸代谢为例,介绍基于自主学习能力培养的课堂设计及实践,按照确定教学目标、设计问题、组织学生小组讨论和教师总结的模式开展教学,从而激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生综合能力。     

药学生物理化学学习兴趣培养教学初探

物理化学是药学生的一门重要的专业基础课和必修课程,是长期被学生公认的"难学"的课程,因此要学好这门课程,培养学生学习兴趣至关重要,从引入物理化学史、介绍相关学科发展前沿、强化与药学融合和增强学生自主学习能力几个方面进行了教学实践改革,取得了较好教学效果.     

《食品机械与设备》混合式教学模式探索与实践

利用优质在线课程及教学资源的优势进行混合式教学改革，构建“以学生为中心”的《食品机械与设备》混合式教学模式，突出新时期教学创新性。线上线下混合式教学使学生的学习更加灵活，提高了学生的参与度，其对课程内容、教学模式和评价考核体系等多方面进行组织和设计，为学生互学和深入探究提供条件，充分考虑学生的自主学习和扩展学习，培养学生形成良好的学习习惯，进而实现对学生各项能力的提升。《食品机械与设备》课程经过混合式教学改革和多个学期的实践积累，逐渐形成了大班授课、小组研讨和实验课的多元化混合教学模式，教学效果良好，将《食品机械与设备》的基础理论知识与前沿进展结合起来，学生学习效率显著提升，更容易理解所学知识。食品机械实验环节可以激发学生的学习兴趣，形成更加具有专业特色的教学培养模式，培养学生自主探索和独立思考的能力。     

医学生自主学习能力对以问题为基础学习教学效果的影响——以临床医学八年制《医学心理学》教学为例

目的 以《医学心理学》课程为例探讨医学生自主学习能力对PBL教学效果的影响。方法 选择2010级和2011级临床医学八年制学生43名为研究对象。PBL教学开始前用大学生自主学习量表评估医学生的自主学习能力，PBL教学结束后用自编问卷调查医学生对PBL教学的评价，结合学生的课程考试成绩，采用直线相关分析探索医学生自主学习能力对PBL教学评价和考试成绩的影响。 结果 医学生自主学习能力与其对PBL教学的评价存在显著正相关（P<0.05），特别是学习动机与“PBL提高学习兴趣”（r=0.507）和“PBL提高信息利用能力”（r=0.536）这两个评价的相关系数较高，说明自主学习能力强的学生对PBL教学有更为正面的评价。学生的学习动机与课程考试成绩也存在显著正相关（r=0.416, P=0.006），说明学习动机较强的学生最终考试成绩较好。结论 学生自主学习能力与PBL教学之间可能存在双向影响，即自主学习能力强的学生，在PBL教学过程中会有更多的积极体验，这种积极体验反过来又会促进其自主学习能力。     

人体解剖学自主学习教学体系的构建

为了培养医学生的自主学习能力,南京医科大学积极探索与实践以培养学生自主学习能力为中心的人体解剖学教学模式,在教学理念、教学条件、教学方法以及考试形式等方面精心设计与组织,构建了人体解剖学“自主学习教学体系”,取得了良好的教学效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.