NEM:基于真实感框架的自然用户界面评估方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对当前自然用户界面缺乏普适性评估方法的问题,基于真实感框架提出一种自然用户界面评估方法——NEM.该方法以真实感框架为基础定义评估指标,对多源数据进行采集及特征提取;并通过层次分析法(AHP)构建指标权重模型,最终给出评估建议;最后以自然用户界面中具有代表性的笔式用户界面为实例,基于NEM方法对Tilt交互任务进行评估,得到了多维度融合的评估结果,并为Tilt交互提供设计建议.实例结果表明,文中方法能够有效地体现自然用户界面的特点,拓宽评估带宽,从而指导自然用户界面的设计和评估.     

NEM:基于真实感框架的自然用户界面评估方法

针对当前自然用户界面缺乏普适性评估方法的问题,基于真实感框架提出一种自然用户界面评估方法——NEM.该方法以真实感框架为基础定义评估指标,对多源数据进行采集及特征提取;并通过层次分析法(AHP)构建指标权重模型,最终给出评估建议;最后以自然用户界面中具有代表性的笔式用户界面为实例,基于NEM方法对Tilt交互任务进行评估,得到了多维度融合的评估结果,并为Tilt交互提供设计建议.实例结果表明,文中方法能够有效地体现自然用户界面的特点,拓宽评估带宽,从而指导自然用户界面的设计和评估.     

移动终端三维用户界面的可用性评估

本文针对移动终端的三维用户界面进行了可用性评估.从系统性能,任务绩效和用户偏好三个方面进行了全面的考察.物体选取是三维用户界面中基础的交互任务,我们结合实验数据分析,基于二维环境下的指点模型,提出并验证了一个新的基于三维用户界面的通用性能模型.同时通过用户调查和问卷分析,说明了三维用户界面在移动终端上具有较高的用户偏好.     

笔式用户界面开发工具研究

笔式用户界面提供给用户更为自然的交互方式,然而,笔式用户界面的构造是一项非常困难的工作,一个可用的笔式用户界面系统往往需要多领域、多学科的知识.系统地论述了一个支持笔式用户界面开发的工具系统Penbuilder的设计实现.它基于笔交互的特性以及无处不在的计算环境的要求而设计,为笔式用户界面的开发提供高级的支持.基于Penbuilder的支持,设计开发了一批典型的笔式用户界面原型系统.该研究为笔式用户界面的构造与快速原型提供了有力的支持.     

基于范畴论的用户界面模式语言

针对现有用户界面模式语言无法在高级抽象层次上准确描述用户界面模式之间关系,导致不能为基于模式的用户界面开发提供有效的结构化支持的问题,根据用户界面模式集合所具有的层次结构特点,提出一种基于范畴论的用户界面模式语言.首先利用对象和态射定义用户界面模式以及用户界面模式之间的关系,得到用户界面模式范畴;然后使用子范畴和函子定义用户界面模式集合的层次以及层次之间的关系;最后使用自然变换定义用户界面模式集合层次关系之间的关系,对用户界面模式集合中的关系进行更高抽象层次的描述.实例结果表明,文中提出的用户界面模式语言能够与开发过程紧密结合,为开发人员理解、查找和重用用户界面模式提供了有效的支持.     

Web用户界面自动生成系统中的界面模板

用户界面是交互式系统的重要组成部分.但是现有的界面开发模型都没有太多考虑Web环境对用户界面模型表达的特殊要求.结合Web软件用户界面的特点,拓展了FMP界面模型的界面模板;提出了基于界面模板的界面表示模型的4层结构.界面模板描述了以交互对象为基本元素的界面宏观布局和关系,以支持高质量的Web应用界面代码的自动生成.     

协作笔式用户界面开发工具研究

笔式用户界面是一种重要的Post-WIMP(window icon menu pointer)界面,它给用户提供了自然的交互方式.然而,当前的笔式用户界面工具箱大多是面向单用户任务的,不能很好地支持协作应用场景.通过对笔式交互特征和协作环境功能需求的分析,设计并实现了一个工具箱CoPen Toolkit,用于支持协作笔式用户界面的开发.它提供了灵活的架构和可扩展的组件,支持笔迹描述、事件处理和网络协作等功能.基于CoPen Toolkit,构造了多个原型系统,实践表明,它能够很好地支持协作笔式用户界面的开发.     

基于MVC模式的Web用户界面建模

分析了企业信息系统的Web用户界面开发特性,研究了当前主流前端框架的MVC(模型-视图-控制器)设计模式应用,针对Web前端开发需求及最佳实践方法,提出了一种符合MVC用户界面开发最佳实践的组件化Web用户界面建模方法.设计一套抽象和描述Web用户界面组件的UML(统一建模语言)概要文件,从界面数据模型、界面组件模型到界面交互模型等3个方面完成Web用户界面建模.以一个装修行业定制型ERP(企业资源计划)系统为例,通过用户界面建模实践,验证了本建模方法的可行性、易用性和有效性.     

ETL的符号化模型检验

为使符号化模型检验技术适用于全部ω-正规性质,研究了ETL(extended temporal logic)的符号化模型检验方法.首先,扩展了LTL(linear temporal logic)的Tableau方法,给出了ETL的Tableau构造方法,进而给出了该方法基于BDD(binary decision diagram)的符号化实现.同时,在NuSMV的基础上实现了支持ETL符号化验证的模型检验工具ENuSMV.该工具允许用户自定义时序连接子,从而可以检验全部ω-正规性质.实验结果表明,ETL性质能够被高效地采用符号化技术加以检验.     

笔式用户界面交互信息模型研究

笔式用户界面是Post-WIMP界面的重要形态,在许多领域得到广泛应用.笔式界面设计需要设计者和用户的共同参与.捕获用户使用意图是设计笔式用户界面的前提,连接交互信息的表示与控制则是成功构造界面的关键.依据笔式交互信息连续性及模糊性特征,从设计参与者与交互信息管理两个维度建立了笔式用户界面交互信息模型OICM(orthogonal interaction information architecture coordinate model).从问题知识域、交互任务、规则集合以及上下文关联4个不同的象限对模型进行了详细的描述,并给出了基于XML的实现方法.在对模型进行分析后,介绍了基于OICM模型的开发平台和应用系统实例.     

用UML和Object-Z描述交互式系统的接口规格说明

随着图形用户界面的普及，交互已成为目前软件系统的一个重要特征。与传统的基于字符界面的软件系统相比，基于图形用户界面的软件系统，从某种程序上可看作是一个交互式系统。形式化的规格说明具有精确性，无二义性和一致性等优点，用形式化说明语言来描述交互式系统用户接口的规格说明有很强的实用价值。由于形式化的规格说明的可读很差，因此可以采用标准的对象建模UML来帮助对形式化规格说明的理解。     

Eventor: an authoring system for interactive multimedia applications

Programming, testing, and maintaining interactive multimedia applications (IMAs) are still difficult and expensive, while substantial progress has been made to reduce the burden on authors. As IMAs get larger and more complex the difficulties will increase. To overcome the complexity of such IMAs, we argue that authoring systems should provide such facilities as (1) a traditional and intuitivedivide-and-conquer paradigm for solving large and complex problems in various fields, (2)formal specification of the behaviors of IMAs for checking the syntactic correctness of visual expressions or semantic anomalies, and (3)automatic aids like validation of temporal constraints and verification of visual expressions. In this paper, we investigate the properties of IMAs for recognizing the inherent interactivity and concurrency. We propose a specification method based on Milner'sCalculus of Communicating Systems (CCS), which is a well-known formal mechanism for specifying the concurrency in various distributed applications. We also design and implement an authoring system calledEventor (Event Editor), which is based on CCS and composed of three tools: a Temporal Synchronizer, a Spatial Synchronizer, and a User Interaction Builder. They focus on describing the temporal and spatial synchronizations and user interactions while they rely on existing tools in Intel's Digital Video Interactive (DVI) for supporting other functionalities. By editing a simple computer aided instruction (CAI) application, we illustrate that our specification mechanism is well-suited for handling the interactivity of multimedia applications, and Eventor is a simple, efficient, and powerful enough tool to handle practical applications. Especially the incremental refinement and the formal specification based on the CCS allow Eventor to be extended with formal verifications to cope with large and complex applications.     

GUIDE: Games with UML for interactive design exploration

In this paper we present our design tool GUIDE, which allows the user to explore a design in UML interactively by playing a game. The game incorporates both the design model and a specification of what it means for the design to be correct. The central idea of this approach is that the designer can increment the game during a play and gradually add more detail to it. Specification and design are refined by repeated plays of the game. The designer stops playing when design and specification are detailed enough for his purpose and match each other. The interactive game approach helps to cope with incompleteness and informal definition of UML models, which make strictly formal verification techniques difficult. The designer may resolve these problems when they arise during a play or let the GUIDE tool determine how the play should proceed. We discuss the potential impact of GUIDE and tools like it on software development.     

Formal verification of Ada programs

The Penelope verification editor and its formal basis are described. Penelope is a prototype system for the interactive development and verification of programs that are written in a rich subset of sequential Ada. Because it generates verification conditions incrementally, Penelope can be used to develop a program and its correctness proof in concert. If an already-verified program is modified, one can attempt to prove the modified version by replaying and modifying the original sequence of proof steps. Verification conditions are generated by predicate transformers whose logical soundness can be proven by establishing a precise formal connection between predicate transformation and denotational definitions in the style of continuation semantics. Penelope's specification language, Larch/Ada, belongs to the family of Larch interface languages. It scales up properly, in the sense that one can demonstrate the soundness of decomposing an implementation hierarchically and reasoning locally about the implementation of each node in the hierarchy     

An Environment for Rapid Prototyping of Interactive Systems

This paper shows an environment which supports the development of multi-thread dialogue interactive systems.The environment includes several tools and run-time support programs for the design and implementation of the user interface of an interactive system.First,methods of user interface specification with Elementary Nets are discussed.Then,the syntax of a user interface specification language based on Elementary Nets and the pre-compiler for the language as well as a graphic editor for Elementary Nets construction are described.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the design process of a user interface.     

基于时序描述逻辑的UML顺序图形式化研究

在统一建模语言（UML）规范中顺序图的语义是以自然语言的形式描述的,是一种半形式化的语言,不能对系统的交互行为进行形式化分析及论证.针对UML顺序图缺乏精确的形式化描述问题,根据顺序图的时序特征,提出了增加交互操作符的UML顺序图的六元组形式化方法.对描述逻辑进行时序扩展,得到可表示动态和时序语义的形式化规范——时序描述逻辑.应用时序描述逻辑的时态算子得到时序描述逻辑语义形式的UML顺序图.用UML顺序图描述完整的C语言执行过程,将其形式化描述,实验结果表明,这种方法是可行的.     

UML Automatic Verification Tool with Formal Methods

The use of the UML specification language is very widespread due to some of its features. However, the ever more complex systems of today require modeling methods that allow errors to be detected in the initial phases of development. The use of formal methods make such error detection possible but the learning cost is high.This paper presents a tool which avoids this learning cost, enabling the active behavior of a system expressed in UML to be verified in a completely automatic way by means of formal method techniques. It incorporates an assistant for the verification that acts as a user guide for writing properties so that she/he needs no knowledge of either temporal logic or the form of the specification obtained.     

Semantic feedback in the Higgens UIMS

Almost all applications using interactive graphics contain important structures and concepts which are deeper than the geometres used to display them to the user. One of the major tasks of the system implementer is to cause the user interface to reflect this deeper structure accurately so that it may be directly manipulated by the user. The authors describe a tool, the Higgens user interface management system (UIMS), which can automate much of this task for a wide class of systems using interactive graphics. It is able to generate graphical user interfaces automatically from a high-level interface specification. These specifications are primarily nonprocedural in nature. They describe how graphical images can be automatically derived and updated based on applications entities, and how graphical inputs can be translated back into terms which are appropriate to the application     

Composition and synthesis with a formal interactor model

This paper discusses the formal specification of interactors, which are primitive abstractions of user interface software, and focuses on the formal aspects of their composition. The composition of interactors is discussed formally in the framework of the Abstraction-Display-Controller (ADC) interactor model. The ADC model has been defined as a LOTOS specification template tailored for specifying user interface software. LOTOS behaviour expressions combining instances of this template specify the composition of interactors to model complex user interfaces. Synthesis is defined as a transformation of these behaviour expressions which supports the generic structure of the ADC model while preserving the meaning of the specified behaviour. Further, the notion of abstract views of interactors is introduced. It is shown how abstract views are themselves primitives for specifying complex interface architectures.