两种新型的弹性地基梁单元及其在超高层建筑结构简化分析中的应用

将超高层建筑空间巨型框架的巨型柱和梁分别简化成剪切型弹性地基梁和广义Winkler弹性地基梁单元,导出其单元刚度矩阵后,再按空间刚架分析计算,得到一种简化分析方法。简化巨型框架柱时,考虑与其相连的二级框架梁、柱的弯曲刚度,并将其作为巨型柱的剪切型弹性地基,构造出剪切型巨型弹性地基梁单元;简化巨型框架梁时,只考虑与其相连的二级框架柱的轴向刚度,并将其作为巨型梁的Winkler弹性地基,构造出广义Winkler巨型弹性地基梁单元。算例表明:简化计算的模型不仅是合理的、有效的,而且其计算结果的精度几乎与精确解有同级的精度。     

解析型弹性地基Timoshenko梁单元

采用双参数弹性地基模型和Timoshenko深梁模型,建立了弹性地基一般梁挠度控制方程,求解得到了挠度方程解析通解,构建了双参数弹性地基深梁的挠度、截面弯曲转角及剪切角的解析位移形函数。建立了梁模型、梁基模型等两种势能泛函,利用最小势能原理,构造了两个双参数弹性地基深梁单元,给出了单元列式。分析表明:梁模型单元在均布荷载作用下误差为0.221%,非均布荷载作用下误差为0;梁基模型单元在均布荷载作用下误差为0,在两端集中力作用下误差为6.597%,在跨中集中力作用下误差为102.716%;同时,该文提出的双参数Timoshenko梁模型单元不存在剪切闭锁的问题。     

移动力群引起的软土地基上Winkler梁振动研究

在高速运行条件下,当荷载达到某种速度时,极易引起结构的强烈振动。本文从Winkler地基梁振动微分方程出发,推导了临界速度的表达式,对移动力群作用下Winkler地基梁变形特征进行了分析,在此基础上,重点研究了基础支承刚度、运行速度对Winkler地基梁振动的影响关系。研究得到：①随着移动力个数增加,Winkler地基梁临界速度提高,动挠度也随之增加,力群叠加效应导致了临界速度提高和振动加剧。②随着地基刚度的降低,整个Winkler地基梁强振动带迅速向速度较低的区域移动,振动强度急剧提高。③增加Winkler地基的支承刚度可以有效提高Winkler地基梁的临界速度。     

移动荷载下有限深度Winkler地基上梁的动力响应研究EI北大核心CSCD

基于考虑有限深度土体运动的Winkler地基梁理论,建立移动荷载作用下弹性地基上有限长梁的横向运动方程。利用模态叠加法求得移动荷载作用下有限长梁动力响应的解析解,进而以移动荷载离开时梁的响应为初值,采用分离变量法求得有限长梁自由振动的一阶近似解;通过数值计算和参数分析,揭示了移动荷载作用下有限深度Winkler地基上简支边界梁的动力学特性,分析地基深度、地基黏滞阻尼系数和荷载移动速度等对有限长梁受迫振动阶段和自由振动阶段动力响应的影响,全面揭示有限深度土体运动对临界速度的作用效应。结果表明:地基深度显著降低了临界速度,且弹性地基黏滞阻尼明显延长了自由振动衰减时间;荷载移动速度加剧了有限深度弹性地基与其支承梁的相互作用效应,系统振动的幅值和响应周期均发生显著变化。     

考虑水平摩阻力的弹性地基梁大变形弯曲分析

设水平摩阻力与垂直支承反力成正比,建立了任意对称荷载作用下有限长弹性地基梁大变形的平衡微分方程式.进行了合理的位移形函数假设,利用Galerkin方法建立非线性代数方程组,采用迭代法进行求解,得到了弹性地基梁的位移和内力解.通过实例计算可知,水平摩阻力对弹性地基梁的挠度和剪力影响很小,而对弯矩和轴力影响很大.当要考虑弹...     

考虑有限深度土体运动的Winkler地基梁1/2次谐波共振响应分析

土-结构相互作用系统动力响应的基本特征之一是有限范围内弹性地基与其支承结构共同运动,将土体运动引入系统的动力学方程可体现其对系统动力学特性的影响。基于考虑有限深度土体运动影响的Winkler地基上有限长梁的非线性运动方程,利用Galerkin法和多尺度法,求得弹性地基梁1/2次谐波共振的幅频响应方程和位移的二阶近似解。进而通过数值计算,得到了梁1/2次谐波共振的幅频响应曲线,研究了地基深度、质量、弹性模量、Winkler参数和阻尼等对弹性地基梁1/2次谐波共振响应的影响。研究结果表明:有限深度土体运动对Winkler地基梁1/2次谐波共振响应影响显著。运动方程中引入土体运动的影响后,梁1/2次谐波共振区间明显减小。随地基深度、质量和弹性模量改变,弹性地基梁1/2次谐波共振的幅频响应曲线偏转程度、共振区间和响应幅值等均发生定量改变。当弹性地基刚度增大到一定程度,Winkler地基参数变化对系统1/2次谐波共振响应的影响明显减弱。阻尼对系统动力响应起抑制作用,当参数η增大到一定值后将不会出现1/2次谐波共振响应的非平凡解。     

考虑地基弹性抗力的箱形框架内力分析

本文从弹性地基梁的挠曲线微分方程出发,考虑地基的弹性抗力,用有限单元法的矩阵变换,推导出地基梁单元的刚度矩阵,用于求解地上或地下箱形框架内力的分析计算。     

等截面铁摩辛柯梁-抗转阻尼器系统的复模态特性

针对等截面铁摩辛柯梁-抗转阻尼器系统的自由振动,在复数域采用NAM法,推导了多种边界条件下带有任意个抗转阻尼器的无量纲精确解及系统特征方程。采用构造实函数的方法获得该复特征方程的复数域解。数值实例分析中与有限元结果进行了比较,验证了本文方法。该系统为非比例阻尼系统,研究结果表明存在系统最大阻尼比和最优阻尼系数。针对带有单个阻尼器的振动系统,研究给出了系统最大阻尼比、最优阻尼系数与阻尼器的最优安装位置。最后将均连接阻尼器的铁摩辛柯梁和欧拉-伯努利梁的结果进行了比较,表明前者获得的第一阶模态最大阻尼比略小于后者。     

弹性半空间地基上两端自由梁稳态振动研究

基础梁是一种基本的工程受力构件,广泛应用于交通工程和工业民用建筑中,因而受到广泛重视和研究.弹性基础梁稳态振动的关键是要确定梁下地基反力分布函数。现有关于地基反力的稳态振动方法大致分为两类：Winkler地基模型或双参数地基模型以及弹性理论方法。然而Winkler地基模型或双参数地基模型忽略了地基的连续性。而按弹性半空间理论计算弹性地基梁的问题实际上是解决接触问题。     

黏弹性三参数地基梁横向自由振动

将复模态方法推广至地基梁系统的振动分析中,研究了三参数描述的黏弹性Pasternak地基梁的横向振动特征,得到不同边界条件下的频率方程的近似解析式以及模态函数表达式。采用数值方法近似求解复模态分析得到的超越方程,并运用微分求积方法数值加以验证。通过具体算例,分析了边界条件、刚度系数以及地基黏性系数等对固有频率和模态函数的影响。研究结果表明,微分求积法的数值解与复模态的近似解析解吻合的很好。     

基于Winkler地基Timoshenko梁理论的十字交叉条形基础节点荷载分配分析

考虑十字交叉条形基础截面剪切变形影响,利用Winkler地基Timoshenko梁无限长梁在集中力、集中力偶作用下的变形和内力关系,推导了带悬挑的半无限长梁的集中力、集中力偶作用下的悬挑系数计算公式。当条形基础抗剪刚度趋于无穷大时可退化成不考虑剪切变形影响的Euler梁理论结果,因此该文公式是一种通用公式。剪切变形对集中力的悬挑系数影响大、对集中力偶的悬挑系数影响小。对于节点较密、截面尺寸较大、对变形敏感的十字交叉条形基础,应该考虑截面的剪切变形影响。根据静力平衡条件和变形协调条件,建立了可同时考虑截面剪切变形和节点集中力、集中力偶作用的带悬挑十字交叉条形基础的节点荷载分配的统一公式。算例结果显示:虽然节点处作用的集中力偶较小,但其可以改变竖向荷载在节点x、y两方向上的分配,力偶数值越大,影响越明显。考虑条形基础截面剪切变形影响后,计算的节点荷载分配更均匀。     

Static analysis of Timoshenko beam resting on elastic half-plane based on the coupling of locking-free finite elements and boundary integral

Making use of a mixed variational formulation including the Green function of the soil and assuming as independent fields both the structure displacements and the contact pressure, a finite element (FE) model is derived for the static analysis of a foundation beam resting on elastic half-plane. Timoshenko beam model is adopted to describe structural foundations with low slenderness and to impose displacement compatibility between beam and half-plane without requiring the continuity of the first order derivative of the surface displacements enforced by Euler–Bernoulli beam. Numerical results are obtained by using locking-free Hermite polynomials for the Timoshenko beam and constant reaction over the soil. Foundation beams loaded by many load configurations illustrate accuracy and convergence properties of the proposed formulation. Moreover, the different behaviour of the Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models is thoroughly discussed. Rectangular pipe loaded by a force in the upper beam exemplifies the straightforward coupling of the foundation FE with a structure described by usual FEs.     

The mixed finite element method for the quasi‐static and dynamic analysis of viscoelastic timoshenko beams

The quasi‐static and dynamic responses of a linear viscoelastic Timoshenko beam on Winkler foundation are studied numerically by using the hybrid Laplace–Carson and finite element method. In this analysis the field equation for viscoelastic material is used. In the transformed Laplace–Carson space two new functionals have been constructed for viscoelastic Timoshenko beams through a systematic procedure based on the Gâteaux differential. These functionals have six and two independent variables respectively. Two mixed finite element formulations are obtained; TB12 and TB4. For the inverse transform Schapery and Fourier methods are used. The numerical results for quasi‐static and dynamic responses of several visco‐elastic models are presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Winkler地基上修正Timoshenko梁振动分析

利用Bernoulli-Euler梁理论建立的弹性地基梁模型应用广泛,但其在高阶频率及深梁计算中误差较大,利用修正的Timoshenko梁理论建立新的弹性地基梁振动微分方程,由于其在Timoshenko梁的基础上考虑了剪切变形所引起的转动惯量,因而具有更好的精确度。利用ANAYS beam54梁单元进行振动模态的有限元计算,所求结果与理论基本无误差,从而验证了该理论的正确性。基于修正Timoshenko梁振动理论推导出了弹性地基梁双端自由-自由、简支-简支、简支-自由、固支-固支等多种边界条件下的频率超越方程及模态函数。分析了弹性地基梁在不同理论下不同约束条件及不同高跨比情况下的计算结果,从而论证了该理论计算弹性地基梁的适用性。分析了不同弹性地基梁理论下波速、群速度与波数的关系。得到了约束条件和梁长对振动模态及地基刚度对振动频率有重要影响等结论。     

Delamination of layered structures on elastic foundation

This study presents an interface fracture mechanics analysis of delamination of a layered beam resting on a Winkler elastic foundation subject to general mechanical loads. A crack tip element on elastic foundation model is established first, through which, two concentrated forces existing at the crack tip are determined in closed-form. Then total energy release rate of the crack can be expressed in term of these two forces. By using available numerical results in the literature, the phase angle of the total energy release rate is also obtained. To verify the validity and accuracy of the solutions, debonding of a bonded overlay from the base structure resting on a Winkler elastic foundation is analyzed using the present solution. Comparisons with the baseline results obtained by finite element analysis suggest that the present analytical solution provides an excellent estimation of the total energy release rate and its phase angle for interface cracks in layered structure on elastic foundation. This study provides an approximated analysis of the debonding of a thin overlay debonding from the concrete pavement, where the effect of the base structure is simplified by a Winkler elastic foundation. This solution can also be used to analyze other similar delamination problems, such as local delamination in laminated composites, and face sheet delimitation in sandwich beams.     

Coupled deflection analysis of thin-walled Timoshenko laminated composite beams

For the deflection analyses of thin-walled Timoshenko laminated composite beams with the mono- symmetric I-, channel-, and L-shaped sections, the stiffness matrices are derived based on the solutions of the simultaneous ordinary differential equations. A general thin-walled composite beam theory considering shear deformation effect is developed by introducing Vlasov’s assumptions. The shear stiffnesses of thin-walled composite beams are explicitly derived from the energy equivalence. The equilibrium equations and force-deformation relations are derived from energy principles. By introducing 14 displacement parameters, a generalized eigenvalue problem that has complex eigenvalues and multiple zero eigenvalues is formulated. Polynomial expressions are assumed as trial solutions for displacement parameters and eigenmodes containing undetermined parameters equal to the number of zero eigenvalues are determined by invoking the identity condition to the equilibrium equations. Then the displacement functions are constructed by combining eigenvectors and polynomial solutions corresponding to nonzero and zero eigenvalues, respectively. Finally, the stiffness matrices are evaluated by applying the member force-displacement relations to the displacement functions. In addition, the finite beam element formulation based on the classical Lagrangian interpolation polynomial is presented. In order to verify the validity and the accuracy of this study, the numerical solutions are presented and compared with the finite element results using the isoparametric beam elements and the detailed three-dimensional analysis results using the shell elements of ABAQUS. Particularly the effects of shear deformations on the deflection of thin-walled composite beams with the mono-symmetric I-, channel-, and L-shaped sections with various lamination schemes are investigated.     

液化场地中Timoshenko桩自由振动与屈曲的精确数值解

基于单桩的Timoshenko梁模型和桩-土相互作用的Winkler模型,建立考虑轴力效应的具有分布参数的Timoshenko梁模型微分控制方程,确定对应的齐次方程的通解,并以此作为有限单元的基函数。推导得精确形函数矩阵,建立分布参数Timoshenko梁的精确有限单元,根据拉格朗日方程得到有限元离散方程和单元刚度矩阵、几何刚度矩阵和一致质量矩阵。应用建立的精确Timoshenko梁单元于分层液化土中单桩-土-结构系统的自由振动与屈曲模态分析,通过与对应解析解以及常规有限元解的对比,表明精确Timoshenko桩基础单元的可靠性与较常规有限元法的优势。     

A general finite element for beams or beam-columns with or without an elastic foundation

A general finite element is derived for beams or beam-columns with or without a continuous Winkler type elastic foundation. The need to discretize members into shorter elements for convergence towards an ‘exact’ solution is eliminated by employing in the derivation of the element exact shape functions obtained from the equation of the elastic line. Inter-nodal values of deflections, bending moments and shear forces are obtained using the exact shape functions and trigonometric series. The effect of heavy compressive or tensile axial forces on bending stiffness is treated as a linear problem by considering the axial force as a constant parameter affecting the stiffness. FORTRAN subroutines to compute the stiffness matrix, equivalent nodal forces, deflected shape, bending moments and shear forces are provided and verified by an example.     

厚薄通用板元在厚筏基础中的应用

Timoshenko厚梁理论提供了随梁厚变化的剪应变函数,将其应用于厚板中,得到板剪应变场,此外,假设整个板元的挠度场为不完全四次式,引入广义协调理论,建立了两个变量场的协调方程,从而构建了一个无剪切闭锁的厚薄通用板元。在此基础上,利用最小位能原理,得出考虑转角支撑作用的厚筏基础和Winkler弹性地基的共同作用方程。最后,将其首次应用于实际工程的分析中。