无根欠驱动冗余机器人动力耦合特性研究

无根多刚体系统和欠驱动冗余机器人系统实质上都属二阶非完整动力系统,其位姿空间约束方程不能满足控制要求,一般基于动力学方程对系统进行控制,即通过关节间动力耦合作用约束被动关节运动,因此此类机器人可控性分析的重点在于系统耦合运动特性研究。基于动力学虚设机构法及非完整系统微分变分原理,建立了无根欠驱动冗余机器人的动力学模型;针对虚设关节、主、被动关节进行动力学模型解耦,推导出了系统的二阶非完整约束方程及被动关节的加速度表达式;在此基础上,通过定义表征被动关节耦合运动的性能指标,针对不同位置主动关节输入参数对被动关节可控性的影响进行了仿真分析,得到了提高无根欠驱动冗余机器人可控性的有益结论,为实际欠驱动冗余机器人输入控制提供了参考。     

欠驱动机器人动力学运动规划的动态子空间法及控制

欠驱动机器人的关节空间运动是通过主、被动关节间的动力学耦合实现的,系统运动可能发生动力学耦合奇异,使欠驱动机器人的动态操作性能严重降低。针对一般具有任意多个被动关节的开链欠驱动机器人系统,基于动力学分析提出一种优化控制方法,其核心是在欠驱动机器人的全部耦合运动空间中,根据动力学耦合操作性度量,动态构造有限个覆盖全部耦合运动空间的具有最佳耦合度的子空间,使发生在这些子空间中的耦合运动具有余度驱动的特点,从而实现提高欠驱动机器人的动力学耦合度的优化控制。提出的方法通过平面四连杆机器人进行仿真,仿真结果证明了这种方法是可行的。     

基于微分几何的欠驱动机器人动力学建模和控制

应用位形流形最小嵌入模型,对带有二阶非完整约束的欠驱动机器人动力学建模和控制进行研究。采用位形流形最小嵌入模型,简化了动力学方程,为欠驱动机器人动力学建模和控制的进一步研究奠定了基础。首先用一个齐次线性方程组表示被动关节的存在,给出基于嵌入模型的动力学方程解的结构。通过引入计算转矩控制法,给出另一个和主动关节及控制输入有关的齐次线性方程组,分析控制输入和这两个方程组解之间的关系,得到一个与控制输入及这两个方程组的解相关的欠定线性方程组,求解该欠定线性方程组,得到欠驱动机器人改进的动力学方程,进而可以运用全驱动机器人控制法来实现最小嵌入模型的控制,解决了由全驱动机器人控制法实现欠驱动机器人关节空间控制的问题。最后以平面二杆欠驱动机器人为例,验证了所得理论的可行性和有效性。     

基于T-S模型的欠驱动机器人非脆弱保性能H_∞控制

讨论了欠驱动机器人系统的非脆弱保性能H∞控制问题。利用欠驱动机器人关节间的动力学耦合控制被动关节到达理想位置,进而对其进行锁定,将欠驱动机器人系统转化为全驱动机器人系统。结合非脆弱保性能控制理论和H∞控制理论,提出了基于T-S模型的欠驱动机器人非脆弱保性能H∞控制策略,使其能够进行位置跟踪。两连杆机械臂的仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性及实用性。     

欠驱动机器人可控性研究方法综述

欠驱动机器人是指控制输入少于系统自由度的一类机器人.由于系统中非完整约束的出现,可积性和可控性成为对欠驱动机器人进行有效控制首要关心的问题.该文分析了欠驱动机器人约束的可积性,综述了此类机器人系统的线性可控性,非线性可控性等其他分析方法的研究进展,并提出了欠驱动机器人控制进一步的研究方向.     

基于DSP技术的2R欠驱动机器人控制系统设计

采用DSP作为主处理器,设计出一种欠驱动机器人控制系统,满足了机器人实时动力学控制对高速运算的要求.实验结果表明,所设计的欠驱动机器人控制系统功能完善,实时性好,控制系统稳定且效果良好.     

三关节欠驱动休操机器人的LQR倒立平衡控制

针对欠驱动体操机器人倒立平衡控制问题,给出一种基于动力学模型的三关节欠驱动体操机器人平衡控制方案。首先将三关节欠驱动体操机器人简化为一个在垂直平面上运动的三关节机器人,采用拉格朗日力学方法建立动力学模型,并推导出体操机器人系统状态方程,然后设计LQR控制器,使体操机器人稳定在不稳定的倒立平衡点,最后进行了仿真,结果表明LQR控制器实现了在两输入情况下允许的稳态误差快速响应。     

欠驱动仿袋鼠跳跃机器人动力学耦合研究

根据袋鼠的生物结构及运动特点,建立了具有欠驱动关节的仿袋鼠跳跃机器人模型。以此模型为基础,分析系统的主动关节与被动关节之间的加速度耦合效应。采用拉格朗日方方法建立了机构的动力学方程。结合实例,运用Matlab软件对机器人进行仿真分析,给出了机器人全局单关节耦合变化规律。结果表明:仿袋鼠跳跃机器人的踝关节与欠驱动关节间存在足够大的耦合并且通过动力学耦合来控制欠驱动关节的位置是可能的。动力学耦合指标对欠驱动机器人的结构设计和驱动装置位置有重要作用。     

欠驱动柔性机器人动力学建模及仿真

根据欠驱动机器人的结构特点，以柔性多体系统动力学理论为基础，采用便于实时控制的假设模态方法，建立了具有柔性杆件的欠驱动机器人的动力学模型。对动力学模型的求解进行了分析，讨论了被动关节处模态函数各种边界条件的确定。通过对二自由度欠驱动机器人被动关节的位置控制，实现对柔性杆的弹性变形及其变化的仿真分析，所得结果验证了假设模态方法动力学模型的有效性，反映了不同驱动器位置系统的振动特性和对系统振动控制的必要性。     

三关节欠驱动体操机器人的LQR倒立平衡控制

针对欠驱动体操机器人倒立平衡控问题,给出一种基于动力学模型的三关节欠驱动体操机器人平衡控制方案.首先将三关节欠驱动体操机器人简化为一个在垂直平面上运动的三关节机器人,采用拉格朗日力学方法建立动力学模型,并推导出体操机器人系统状态方程,然后设计LQR控制器,使体操机器人稳定在不稳定的倒立平衡点,最后进行了仿真,结果表明LQR控制器实现了在两输入情况下允许的稳态误差快速响应.     

Linear quadratic optimal controller for cable-driven parallel robots

In recent years, various cable-driven parallel robots have been investigated for their advantages, such as low structural weight, high acceleration, and large workspace, over serial and conventional parallel systems. However, the use of cables lowers the stiffness of these robots, which in turn may decrease motion accuracy. A linear quadratic (LQ) optimal controller can provide all the states of a system for the feedback, such as position and velocity. Thus, the application of such an optimal controller in cable-driven parallel robots can result in more efficient and accurate motion compared to the performance of classical controllers such as the proportional-integral-derivative controller. This paper presents an approach to apply the LQ optimal controller on cable-driven parallel robots. To employ the optimal control theory, the static and dynamic modeling of a 3-DOF planar cable-driven parallel robot (Feriba-3) is developed. The synthesis of the LQ optimal control is described, and the significant experimental results are presented and discussed.     

An improved force-based impedance control method for the HDU of legged robots

Hydraulic drive mode enables legged robots to have excellent characteristics, such as greater power-to-weight ratios, higher load capacities, and faster response speeds than other robots. Nowadays, highly integrated valve-controlled cylinder, called hydraulic drive unit (HDU), is employed to drive the joints of these robots. However, various robot control issues exist. For example, during the walking process of legged robots, different obstacles are encountered, making it difficult to control such robots because the load characteristics of the ends of their feet change with the environment. Furthermore, although the adoption of HDU has resulted in high-performance robot control, the hydraulic systems of these robots still have problems, such as strong nonlinearity, and time-varying parameters. Consequently, robot control is very difficult and complex. This paper proposes an improved second-order dynamic compliance control system, impedance control, for HDU. The control system is designed to rectify the issues affecting the impedance control accuracy of the dynamic compliance serial–parallel composition between the HDU force control inner loop and the impedance control outer loop. Specifically, it consists of a compliance-enhanced controller and a feedforward compensation controller for the force control inner loop. Furthermore, the dynamic compliance composition of the inner and outer HDU control loops is rearranged. The results of experiments conducted indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the control accuracy compared to that of traditional force-based impedance control.     

机器人关节控制系统参数的识别方法

准确地标定和识别机器人关节控制系统的参数,是对机器人进行动力误差补偿,提高机器人动态精度的关键技术。本文提出了一种机器人控制系统参数的直接标定与识别方法,并给出了一个实例,表明该方法是正确可行的。     

Experimental comparison of dynamic tracking performance of iGPS and laser tracker

External metrology systems are increasingly being integrated with traditional industrial articulated robots, especially in the aerospace industries, to improve their absolute accuracy for precision operations such as drilling, machining and jigless assembly. While currently most of the metrology assisted robotics control systems are limited in their position update rate, such that the robot has to be stopped in order to receive a metrology coordinate update, some recent efforts are addressed toward controlling robots using real-time metrology data. The indoor GPS is one of the metrology systems that may be used to provide real-time 6DOF data to a robot controller. Even if there is a noteworthy literature dealing with the evaluation of iGPS performance, there is, however, a lack of literature on how well the iGPS performs under dynamic conditions. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the dynamic measurement performance of the iGPS, tracking the trajectories of an industrial robot. The same experiment is also repeated using a laser tracker. Besides the experiment results presented, this paper also proposes a novel method for dynamic repeatability comparisons of tracking instruments.     

柔性机器人协调操作系统的动力特性分析

进行了柔性协调操作机器人的动力特性分析，给出了协调操作柔性机器人各杆的动应力的计算方法，分析了其与机构构件动应力计算方法的不同，并对两3R柔性机器人协调操作一刚性负载系统进行数值仿真，计算了各杆始端、中点和末端的动应力以及每杆最大瞬时动应力和末端位置、转角误差，分析了所得结果。     

Design of an adaptive-robust controller for a powder coating robot and its comparison with inverse dynamic approach

In this research, the design and function of “DAP”, a 3-DOF ‘RRP’ (rotational/prismatic) dual-acting pick-and-place-painting robot, are first briefly presented and, along with its kinematic and dynamic analysis, is studied to eliminate the man presence in industrially polluted environment such as coating processes. The main function of this robot is coating epoxy powder on “Hawle” gate valves at temperatures up to 200°C. Then, the movement and control simulation trend for maneuvering in optimization path are described by non-linear inverse dynamic and adaptive-robust controllers as modern control methods regarding to angle and torque feedback systems in industrial robots. Comparison of these control approaches is considered in relation to uncertainties. The results obtained from this research could greatly satisfy the need for overcoming uncertainties in such combined industrial processes.     

Inverse dynamics task control of flexible joint robots—II Discrete-time approach

Due to drawbacks of the continuous-time inverse dynamics for robots with flexible joints, discussed in the paper, a new discrete-time approach to the problem is presented. After discussion, a numerical approach for the solution of the index three systems of differential-algebraic equations is adopted to solve the inverse dynamics problem. The satisfactory results show that the method can be used to off-line determination of nominal control inputs and joint trajectories. Next, a discrete-time control method is developed and a realistic control scheme is analysed. The implications of the results for the control of robots are discussed. The proposed control method is computationally efficient and admits low sampling frequencies. The results of extensive numerical experiments confirm the advantages of the designed control algorithm.     

Type Design and Behavior Control for Six Legged Robots

The research on legged robots attracted much attention both from the academia and industry. Legged robots are multi-input multi-output with multiple end-e ector systems. Therefore,the mechanical design and control framework are challenging issues. This paper reviews the development of type synthesis and behavior control on legged robots; introduces the hexapod robots developed in our research group based on the proposed type synthesis method. The control framework for legged robots includes data driven layer,robot behavior layer and robot execution layer. Each layer consists several components which are explained in details. Finally,various experiments were conducted on several hexapod robots. The summarization of the type synthesis and behavior control design constructed in this paper would provide a unified platform for communications and references for future advancement for legged robots.     

养老服务机器人现状及其发展建议

随着人口预期寿命的增长和生育率的下降,人口老龄化问题日益严重。目前养老模式难以满足养老需求,养老机器人的使用逐渐进入人们的视野,成为当前研究和产业发展的热点。针对这一需求,对现有的服务机器人及相关技术,包括移动机构、执行机构、结构、识别技术、人机交互技术、定位与场景技术、协同技术和控制技术等,进行了综述。在此基础上,针对发展养老服务机器人存在的问题,提出了四方面建议,即要用功能系统分析方法等深入研究养老服务的各种需求,并给出了部分需求;要在性价比和标准化及系列化方面加大研究力度;要开展多养老服务机器人的协作研究,并提出了一种分层式多养老服务机器人系统组织结构和动态任务规划流程;要在这一领域引入新的动力学与控制理论和方法,如U-K理论和模糊理论等。