STAT3与上皮-间质转化在肿瘤细胞中的作用及其关系

信号转导与转录激活因子(STAT3)可被多种细胞因子激活,参与肿瘤细胞增殖、血管生成、肿瘤侵袭和化疗耐药等过程.上皮-间质转化(EMT)在肿瘤的侵袭转移及化疗耐药等过程中也起重要作用.研究表明,STAT3可通过调控EMT,改变肿瘤的侵袭转移能力,增强肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的耐药性.探讨STAT3与EMT在肿瘤细胞中的作用及其相互关系有助于为分子靶向治疗提供可靠的理论依据.     

LOX家族在肿瘤中的研究进展

赖氨酰氧化酶（LOX）家族是一组细胞外铜依赖性胺氧化酶,主要作用是共价交联胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白,维持细胞外基质的正常结构和功能。近年来的研究显示,LOX还可通过促进上皮-间质转化（EMT）、激活FAK信号通路、参与转移前微环境形成等促进肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭,在肿瘤的发生发展及转移等过程中具有重要的作用,有望成为肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点。本文拟从LOX家族的结构与调控、在肿瘤中的表达及作用机制等方面进行综述,以全面了解LOX家族的研究现状。     

S100A4蛋白表达与肺癌的侵袭和转移

肺癌是最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一 ,且有逐年增加的趋势。虽然针对肺癌的综合治疗在不断加强 ,但是肺癌的 5年生存率只有 2 0 %左右[1] 。肺癌发生远处转移是影响其预后的重要因素。侵袭和转移是肺癌及其他恶性实体肿瘤的特性。分子生物学研究表明 ,肿瘤细胞的某些基因活性的改变及其表达产物在肿瘤的侵袭、转移等一系列病理过程中发挥着重要作用[2 ] 。最近 ,通过ｃＤＮＡ文库基因表达系列分析 (ｓｅｒｉａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｇｅｎｅｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ,ＳＡＧＥ)筛选出的Ｓ10 0Ａ4蛋白就是一个与肺癌等恶性肿瘤的侵袭、转移等病理过…     

胸腺肽β4与肿瘤

胸腺肽β4(thymosinβ4,Tβ4)是一个由43个氨基酸残基组成的水溶性多肽,但并非是一个真正的胸腺激素,而是一个主要的肌动蛋白隐蔽蛋白。作为细胞骨架的结构元件,Tβ4具有多种生物学活性,其中最显著的功能是抑制炎症、促进皮肤创伤愈合、角膜修复和血管生成。Tβ4在多种类型肿瘤中表达增高,与肿瘤发生、发展及转移有密切关系;其机制可能涉及刺激肿瘤血管生成,促进肿瘤细胞上皮间质转化,增强肿瘤细胞迁移、侵袭和转移能力,以及诱导肿瘤细胞抗凋亡和耐药等。Tβ4是肿瘤转移的关键调节因子,在肿瘤分子诊断、靶向治疗方面的研究和应用正受到越来越多的关注,可能成为多种恶性肿瘤转移和预后的分子标志。     

趋化因子CXCL12/CXCR4与肿瘤关系的研究进展

CXCL12及其受体CXCR4不仅在许多生命过程中发挥着重要的调控作用而且与肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖、侵袭、转移有密切的关系。本文将围绕CXCR4、CXCL12以及CXCL12/CXCR4轴在肿瘤增殖、侵袭、转移、肿瘤血管生成中的作用以及作用原理以及临床应用作一综述。     

ING4基因的抗肿瘤作用研究进展

生长抑制因子4（ING4）是2003年发现并克隆出的抑癌基因ING家族新成员,是肿瘤抑制基因p53活动所必需的一个蛋白家族,能抑制肿瘤血管生成、增强p53基因的活性、抑制HIF的活性、抑制接触抑制的丢失、诱导细胞凋亡、增加肿瘤的放化疗敏感性、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭转移。本文就ING4的基因结构、生物学功能及与恶性肿瘤的关系、作用机制及其临床意义作一综述。     

血管生成素样蛋白4在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

血管生成素样蛋白4(ANGPTL4)参与调控糖脂代谢、血管生成等, 与肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭转移密切相关。ANGPTL4基因的异常表达可促进或抑制肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖, 在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥促癌或抑癌作用。探讨ANGPTL4基因在不同癌种发生发展中的作用, 可为其成为评估肿瘤诊断、预后和疗效的指标提供参考。     

透明质酸表达与卵巢腺癌病理特性的关系

背景与目的：透明质酸(hyaluronan,HA)是由多种细胞(包括肿瘤细胞)分泌的细胞外基质(extra—cellular mesenchyma,ECM)的主要成分之一,它参与细胞的定位、迁移,并涉及肿瘤细胞的运动与增殖,已有研究发现实体肿瘤的进展过程中存在HA代谢失衡,并认为HA及其配体的作用与肿瘤的侵袭转移和预后有关。本研究旨在探讨细胞粘附分子CD44及其主要配体HA与卵巢腺癌病理类型的关系。方法：对78例卵巢腺癌、22例卵巢腺瘤和2例交界性粘液性腺瘤的组织病理标本进行HA和CD44免疫组化检测,测定在良、恶性及不同组织分级肿瘤中的表达,其结果分别按阴性、弱阳性及强阳性记录。结果：HA主要表达于肿瘤间质和细胞外基质,细胞膜和胞浆偶有染色。在组织切片上癌巢周边的问质表达更强。在102份标本中,肿瘤间质HA阳性占71．57％,其中在恶性肿瘤的阳性率是83．33％,强阳性占41．03％;而在良性肿瘤中的阳性率为27．27％。肿瘤间质HA的表达随肿瘤组织分级升高而增强,在浆液性癌的强阳性率高于其他病理类型,肿瘤间质HA表达与肿瘤细胞CD44表达有显著相关性,与组织分级的相关性优于CD44;但HA在肿瘤细胞内的表达率低,且与病理类型、组织分级及CD44表达无关。结论：恶性肿瘤组织间质高表达HA,与肿瘤组织分级及病理类型有关。     

ADAM9与恶性肿瘤侵袭转移关系的研究进展

ADAM9是ADAM家族的一员，可通过影响肿瘤细胞与细胞及细胞外基质的黏附、蛋白水解、调节肿瘤细胞信号传导、诱导肿瘤血管的生成等作用参与肿瘤的发生、发展与转移。深入研究ADAM9在恶性肿瘤中的表达与功能，有助于进一步认识恶性肿瘤侵袭转移的分子机制，并为恶性肿瘤的诊断治疗和预后判断提供新指标。现就ADAM9与恶性肿瘤侵袭的关系作一综述。     

趋化因子受体4与肿瘤

趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）属于G蛋白耦联受体超家族,具有趋化免疫细胞、维持免疫细胞的动态平衡等生物学作用。CXCR4表达于多种类型的组织和细胞,在多种肿瘤及肿瘤的不同阶段,CXCR4的表达都明显高于正常组织。CXCR4与肿瘤细胞的增殖、黏附、侵袭和转移有关,在肿瘤的进展中发挥重要作用。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.