MIMO-OFDM快衰落信道的稀疏自适应感知估计

在多输入多输出（MIMO）-正交频分复用（OFDM） 系统中,怎样在较高频谱利用率的情况下对快时变信道进行较为准确的估计是一个具有挑战性的课题。该文在利用压缩感知理论可提高系统频谱利用率的基础上,提出了一种适合于快时变环境下MIMO-OFDM 系统的稀疏自适应信道估计方法。该方法不再受到奈奎斯特采样频率条件约束,避免了传统导频辅助信道估计方法频谱利用率低的缺点。该文方法通过构建多天线群时频结构特征稀疏基,利用多天线间和群时变OFDM符号内信道冲激响应具有更强稀疏性的特点,对MIMO-OFDM快衰落信道进行稀疏变换。由于实际MIMO-OFDM快衰落信道往往处于频率选择性、时变性和多种干扰并存的复杂环境,受到干扰的信道参数对系统而言是未知,采用该方法克服了现有基于压缩感知理论的信道估计方法需要预先知道信道冲激响应稀疏度才能重构信道参数的不足,在信道稀疏度未知道的情况下,运用稀疏自适应的方法来对不同时频结构特征的信道参数进行估计。仿真结果表明所提估计方法具有对快时变信道参数估计的鲁棒性和较高频谱利用率,且均方误差小。      

Intercarrier interference self-cancellation scheme for OFDM mobilecommunication systems

For orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems, the frequency offsets in mobile radio channels distort the orthogonality between subcarriers resulting in intercarrier interference (ICI). This paper studies an efficient ICI cancellation method termed ICI self-cancellation scheme. The scheme works in two very simple steps. At the transmitter side, one data symbol is modulated onto a group of adjacent subcarriers with a group of weighting coefficients. The weighting coefficients are designed so that the ICI caused by the channel frequency errors can be minimized. At the receiver side, by linearly combining the received signals on these subcarriers with proposed coefficients, the residual ICI contained in the received signals can then be further reduced. The carrier-to-interference power ratio (CIR) can be increased by 15 and 30 dB when the group size is two or three, respectively, for a channel with a constant frequency offset. Although the redundant modulation causes a reduction in bandwidth efficiency, it can be compensated, for example, by using larger signal alphabet sizes. Simulations show that OFDM systems using the proposed ICI self-cancellation scheme perform much better than standard systems while having the same bandwidth efficiency in multipath mobile radio channels with large Doppler frequencies     

MIMO-OFDM with insufficient cyclic prefix

For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), cyclic prefix (CP) should be longer than the length of channel impulse response, resulting in a loss of bandwidth efficiency. In this letter, the CP reconstruction (CPR) technique is first applied to a multi-input multi-output (MIMO)-OFDM system with insufficient CP. The intercarrier interference (ICI) from multiple transmit antennas is so large for MIMO system that it can not be sufficiently suppressed with the conventional CPR procedure used in single-input single-output (SISO) system. A new minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalization and ordering process is proposed for MIMO system to suppress the ICI during the CPR procedure. By applying the proposed CPR algorithm to MIMO-OFDM system, we can obtain both the benefits of multiplexing gain and spectral efficiency gain.     

Robust and Improved Channel Estimation Algorithm for MIMO-OFDM Systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique has become a promising method for reliable high data-rate wireless transmission system in which the channel is dispersive in both time and frequency domains. Due to multiple cochannel interferences in a MIMO system, the accuracy of channel estimation is a vital factor for proper receiver design in order to realize the full potential performance of the MIMO-OFDM system. A robust and improved channel estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper for MIMO-OFDM systems based on the least squares (LS) algorithm. The proposed algorithm, called improved LS (ILS), employs the noise correlation in order to reduce the variance of the LS estimation error by estimating and suppressing the noise in signal subspace. The performance of the ILS channel estimation algorithm is robust to the number of antennas in transmit and receive sides. The new algorithm attains a significant improvement in performance in comparison with that of the regular LS estimator. Also, with respect to mean square error criterion and without using channel statistics, the ILS algorithm achieves a performance very close to that of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator in terms of the parameters used in practical MIMO-OFDM systems. A modification of the ILS algorithm, called modified ILS (MILS), is proposed based on using the second order statistical parameters of channel. Analytically, it is shown that the MILS estimator achieves the exact performance of the MMSE estimator. Due to no specific data sequences being required to perform the estimation, in addition to the training mode, the proposed channel estimation algorithms can also be extended and used in the tracking mode with decision-aided method.     

基于历史信息的软卡尔曼滤波迭代时变信道估计方法

针对高速移动MIMO-OFDM系统,提出了一种基于历史信息的软卡尔曼滤波迭代时变信道估计方法。考虑高速铁路环境中不同列车在相同位置处的信道具有很强的相关性,首先利用历史列车的信道信息获取最优基函数,基于该基函数对信道建模,将对信道的估计转换成基系数的估计,降低了计算复杂度和提高了信道估计精度。其次,在每次迭代中采用了软卡尔曼滤波和数据检测联合的方法估计基系数;为了更好地减少数据检测误差传播的影响,采用软数据检测方法,并且在每次迭代中将软数据检测误差作为噪声进行处理。另外,采用的软卡尔曼滤波器不涉及 AR 模型跟踪因子,避免了估计跟踪因子引入的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有更好的估计性能,且更适用于实际的高速移动场景的时变信道获取。     

高速移动信道中的ICI消除算法

针对当前研究中的子载波干扰(ICI)消除算法不支持高速移动环境的缺点,提出一种基于线性时变模型的ICI迭代消除算法。使用相邻3个正交频分复用(OFDM)信号帧对信道进行近似处理,将时变的无线信道建模为基于每条信号径的线性时变信道,信道线性时变斜率可通过相邻的导频符号获得,这样就可以预先构造频域干扰矩阵,然后通过循环迭代的方法将接收符号中的干扰消除。仿真结果表明,本文提出的ICI迭代消除算法可有效消除高速移动信道中的ICI。在多普勒偏移小的条件下,此算法带来的性能提升更大。     

A phase noise mitigation scheme for MIMO WLANs with spatially correlated and imperfectly estimated channels

Applying multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique to OFDM-based wireless local area networks (WLANs) promises impressive high capacity and spectral efficiency compared with conventional systems. However, similar to SISO-OFDM, MIMO-OFDM suffers significant performance degradation due to the presence of phase noise. Many methods have been developed to mitigate phase noise for a single antenna system with perfect channel estimation, whereas none has been proposed for correlated MIMO-OFDM scenarios. Therefore, in this letter, by using the phase noise correlation function, a new phase noise mitigation scheme is proposed for the general M/sub T//spl times/M/sub R/ MIMO WLANs system with channel estimation errors. Numerical results show that, compared with conventional approaches, the proposed scheme achieves significant performance gain with high spectral efficiency, requiring few pilots, and is robust to spatial correlation and channel estimation errors, which makes it very attractive for practical applications.     

基于隐聚类和狄利特雷过程的大规模MIMO-OFDM接收机设计

本文首先讨论了大规模MIMO-OFDM（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）系统信道的空间相关性,提出了一种基于隐聚类假设的信道建模方法,利用概率参数模拟不同的传播环境.然后,将机器学习领域的狄利特雷过程（Dirichlet Process,DP）引入到稀疏贝叶斯学习（Sparse Bayesian Learning,SBL）模型中,建立了DP-SBL结构,在信道估计的同时挖掘并利用大规模MIMO系统所特有的隐聚类特征.接着,将DP-SBL结构应用于大规模MIMO-OFDM系统中,在因子图上利用消息传递算法推导了一种基于隐聚类和狄利特雷过程的接收机算法.最后,将本文提出的接收机算法和现有算法进行对比分析.结果表明,本文提出的接收机算法充分利用了大规模MIMO-OFDM系统特有的空间相关性,能够以较低的计算复杂度获得较强的鲁棒性和显著的性能增益.     

新的MIMO-OFDM 系统盲频偏估计算法

针对瑞利衰落信道,提出了一种新的基于加权循环前缀(CP,cyclic prefix)的MIMO-OFDM系统频偏估计算法及其简化实用算法。根据最大比合并原理,降低了MIMO-OFDM系统符号间干扰和高斯白噪声对频偏估计性能的影响。然后,利用无线信道统计信息,得到其简化算法。仿真结果表明,此算法在瑞利衰落信道中可以取得良好的频偏估计性能并优于其他同类算法。     

A Comparison of Frequency-Domain Block MIMO Transmission Systems

Block transmission techniques, with appropriate cyclic prefix and frequency-domain processing schemes, have been shown to be excellent candidates for digital transmission over severely time-dispersive channels, allowing good performance with implementation complexity that is much lower than traditional time-domain processing schemes. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is the most popular block transmission technique. Single-carrier (SC) modulation using frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is an attractive alternative approach based on this principle. In this paper, we propose two new receiver structures for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels employing SC (MIMO-SC) modulation and FDE schemes. These receivers have a hybrid structure with frequency-domain feedforward and time-domain feedback filters for intersymbol interference (ISI) and interference cancellation. The proposed schemes are compared with different MIMO systems employing OFDM modulation (MIMO-OFDM) receivers in terms of performance [bit error rate (BER) and throughput] and complexity. Our performance results show the superiority of MIMO-SC approaches relative to MIMO-OFDM in terms of the BER performance for the simulated scenarios. Also, the simulation results show that the proposed hybrid MIMO-SC receivers yield a higher throughput than a MIMO-OFDM system.     

MIMO-OFDM for wireless communications: signal detection with enhanced channel estimation

Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used to form multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels to increase the capacity by a factor of the minimum number of transmit and receive antennas. In this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for MIMO channels (MIMO-OFDM) is considered for wideband transmission to mitigate intersymbol interference and enhance system capacity. The MIMO-OFDM system uses two independent space-time codes for two sets of two transmit antennas. At the receiver, the independent space-time codes are decoded using prewhitening, followed by minimum-Euclidean-distance decoding based on successive interference cancellation. Computer simulation shows that for four-input and four-output systems transmitting data at 4 Mb/s over a 1.25 MHz channel, the required signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for 10% and 1% word error rates (WER) are 10.5 dB and 13.8 dB, respectively, when each codeword contains 500 information bits and the channel's Doppler frequency is 40 Hz (corresponding normalized frequency: 0.9%). Increasing the number of the receive antennas improves the system performance. When the number or receive antennas is increased from four to eight, the required SNRs for 10% and 1% WER are reduced to 4 dB and 6 dB, respectively. Therefore, MIMO-OFDM is a promising technique for highly spectrally efficient wideband transmission.     

MIMO—OFDM系统中的空时频联合编码技术研究

MIMO与OFDM技术相结合将成为4G宽带移动通信的核心技术。介绍了MIMO-OFDM技术及其特点，研究了空时频联合编码（STF）技术，探讨了STF编码的设计过程，并对其性能进行了分析比较。     

Joint Compensation of Transmitter and Receiver IQ Imbalance for MIMO-OFDM Over Doubly Selective Channels

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), as a viable technique, is being widely considered for high data rate and bandwidth efficient wireless communications. However, analog impairments like in-phase/quadrature (IQ) imbalance decrease the performance of this technique. Furthermore, time variations of a doubly selective channel cause intercarrier interference (ICI) which again degrades the performance. In this paper, the digital compensation of both the transmitter and the receiver IQ imbalances in MIMO-OFDM transmission over doubly selective channels is studied. In particular, basis expansion model is employed to develop a novel IQ formulation for a time-varying channel. Using this formulation, two receiver schemes are suggested to jointly mitigate the IQ imbalance and channel time variation effects. In deriving one of these schemes, the general case of an insufficient cyclic prefix (CP) for OFDM modulation is also considered. An insufficient CP results in interblock interference (IBI). The proposed approach for insufficient CP case, unifies several existing methods for IQ imbalance compensation and IBI/ICI cancellation. Simulation results show that this approach considerably improves the achievable bit-error-rate performance.     

MIMO-OFDM技术

多进多出(MIMO)系统在发射端和接收端分别设置多副发射天线和接收天线,采用MIMO技术可以提高信道容量和信道可靠性,降低误码率。正交频分复用(OFDM)是一种特殊的多载波传输方案,各子载波在整个符号周期上正交,各子载波信号频谱可以互相重叠,子载波正交复用技术大大减少了保护带宽,提高了频带利用率。MIMO-OFDM技术是OFDM与MIMO技术结合形成的一种新技术,该技术是在OFDM传输系统中采用阵列天线实现空间分集,提高了信号质量。MIMO-OFDM技术将成为下一代移动通信核心技术的解决方案。文中全面介绍了MIMO技术和OFDM技术及两者的结合,分析了实现MIMO-OFDM技术的关键,展望了发展前景。     

New transmit schemes and simplified receivers for MIMO wireless communication systems

In this paper, optimized transmit schemes for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with simplified receivers are proposed for the downlink of high-speed wireless communication systems. In these systems, MIMO signal preprocessing is performed at the transmitter or base station with the receiver at the mobile station having a simplified structure that requires only limited signal processing. An important potential application for our transmit MIMO techniques is in the downlink of high-speed wireless communication systems with Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) or a similar technique utilized in the uplink, creating a high-speed duplex system with a simplified mobile station transceiver structure. Two approaches are introduced and these depend on whether or not receive diversity is employed at the receiver. Both methods require that channel state information be available at the transmitter. In addition, some important associated issues such as peak-to-average power ratio requirements at the transmitter and robustness to downlink channel errors are also investigated and various solutions are proposed. Simulation results are provided and these show that performance improvement can be achieved when compared with other MIMO transmit schemes.     

双选择性信道条件下MIMO-OFDM系统中的ICI抑制及频域Turbo均衡

分析了双选择性信道条件下MIMO-OFDM系统的ICI产生原理,提出了一种以最大化缩短信干噪比(MSSINR,maximum shortening the signal to inter-carrier interference plus noise ratio)为目标的频域ICI抑制算法及其简化算法;在此基础上将Turbo均衡技术应用到MIMO-OFDM系统中,提出了一种基于MSSINR频域ICI抑制的频域Turbo均衡(FTE,frequency-domain Turbo equalization)算法,并进行了数值仿真和比较分析。     

MIMO-OFDM系统中的空时编码技术研究

近年来,宽带无线通信技术和应用得到了迅猛的发展.人们对无线数据和多媒体业务的需求,促进了用于高速宽带无线通信的诸多新技术的发展和应用.其中,MIMO技术利用多径效应,能够极大改善无线通信的频谱效率和通信可靠性.OFDM技术具有优越的频谱效率,两者的结合即MIMO-OFDM技术被认为是未来移动通信系统的关键技术.本文简要介绍MIMO技术和OFDM的基本原理,MIMO-OFDM系统以及空时编码技术在MIMO-OFDM系统中的应用.     

LTE中MIMO-OFDM的符号同步算法

未来的移动通信系统LTE的下行链路将广泛采用MIMO-OFDM技术。基于MIMO-OFDM系统的表达式和信道模型,以及Zadoff-Chu序列,提出了一种等周期的伪叠加Zadoff-Chu序列的集中式和分布式MIMO同步算法,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明该算法能够准确地进行符号时间同步,验证了所提出符号同步算法的有效性。     

基于输出多普勒扩展函数的OFDM载波间干扰分析

正交频分复用(OFDM)应用在移动通信系统中时,信道多普勒效应造成的载波间干扰(ICI)是引起性能下降的重要原因.本文分析了信道多普勒效应引起OFDM ICI的机制.基于输出多普勒扩展函数输入输出关系,给出一种接收信号结构的三维图形表示,并提出一种的计算连续多径信道中OFDM任意子载波上ICI的简单方法.     

通用滤波多载波通信系统中干扰抑制均衡算法

作为5G多载波技术强有力的候选对象,通用滤波多载波利用子带滤波技术抑制带外功率泄露,进而降低同步要求和获得更高的频谱效率。本文首先针对通用滤波多载波在慢时变多径信道下的性能进行了分析和研究;其次为消除多径信道所带来的干扰,提出了适用于该多载波系统的信道估计方案,该方案设计了具有重复样式的导频结构进行信道估计,复杂度低;最后针对通用滤波多载波在多径信道下容易遭受符号间干扰的问题,提出了基于干扰消除的Zero-Forcing均衡算法和基于迭代干扰消除的均衡算法,两种算法均能够在消除ISI的基础上进一步地消除ICI和IBI。仿真结果表明,本文提出的信道估计和均衡算法能有效消除通用滤波多载波技术在多径信道下所经受的ISI、ICI和IBI。