锁骨上动脉岛状瓣的应用解剖

目的:为临床应用锁骨上动脉岛状瓣提供解剖学依据。方法:在10例20侧经锁骨下动脉灌注氧化铅-明胶溶液的成人尸体标本上,对颈横动脉和锁骨上动脉的分支情况、起始位置、行程、长度和管径进行观测,观察其回流静脉情况,并在尸体标本上模拟皮瓣制备。结果:颈横动脉由甲状颈干或锁骨下动脉分支而来,在锁骨中1/3上方分为深支和浅支。锁骨上动脉由颈横动脉浅支发出后行向后外,越过斜方肌浅面和锁骨的肩峰端,走行于三角肌筋膜的浅面,并逐渐发出细小分支穿过深筋膜,进入锁骨上和肩部的皮肤和皮下组织。颈横动脉起点至锁骨上动脉起点距离平均为(4.31±0.64)cm,锁骨上动脉起点至其发出分支穿深筋膜点的距离平均为(3.62±0.42)cm。颈横动脉起点处外径平均为(2.71±0.33)mm,锁骨上动脉起点处外径平均为(1.10±0.17)mm。2条锁骨上动脉伴行静脉分别回流入颈横静脉和颈外静脉。结论:以锁骨上动脉为营养血管的锁骨上动脉岛状瓣,适于转移修复口腔颌面颈部组织缺损,也可以颈横动脉为吻合血管,制作游离皮瓣。     

锁骨上动脉岛状皮瓣修复舌鳞癌术后缺损的临床研究

目的：探讨锁骨上动脉岛状皮瓣修复舌鳞癌术后缺损的临床效果。方法对12例行锁骨上动脉岛状皮瓣修复的舌鳞癌术后缺损患者进行回顾性分析,并对其术后外形及语音、吞咽功能恢复情况进行评估。结果12例术后行锁骨上动脉岛状皮瓣即刻修复舌鳞癌患者,11例皮瓣完全成活,1例皮瓣部分坏死,经短期换药后愈合,供区伤口均一期愈合,无明显的术后并发症,患者术区外形及功能均恢复满意。结论锁骨上动脉岛状皮瓣具有手术制取简单,供区并发症小,厚薄适中等优点,为舌鳞癌患者术后缺损的修复提供了一个新的选择。     

以颈横动脉供血的延长锁骨上岛状皮瓣修复头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损

应用于头颈部缺损修复的皮瓣多种多样,包括局部皮瓣、带蒂皮瓣和游离组织瓣。其中带蒂皮瓣具有容易切取、颜色及质地较好、手术时间短、并发症少等优点而被广泛应用。锁骨上区是一个重要的皮瓣供区,肩部皮肤提供了理想的可修复头颈外科缺损的皮肤组织。颈侧三角区主要的锁骨上血管是颈横动脉,目前罕有以颈横动脉供血的延长至肩部皮肤的锁骨上岛状皮瓣修复头颈部恶性肿瘤术后缺损的报道。本文对此方面内容作一评价。     

额部岛状皮瓣的临床应用

额瓣的使用由来已久,全额瓣修复口腔颌面部大面积组织缺损屡有报道。但是,以滑车上动脉或颞浅动脉为蒂的额部岛状皮瓣在面部整复上的应用却甚少报道。近年来,我们先后采用该岛状皮瓣对8例鼻部,眼睑及眶下区组织缺损的患者进行了修复,均收到了较满意的效果。额部岛状皮瓣的应用解剖额部软组织由浅到深分为皮肤、皮下组     

胎儿舌动脉结扎后舌血供的研究（评述）

舌根肿瘤切除后的缺损可以用多种方法修复重建,包括舌体组织瓣、带蒂皮瓣和游离皮瓣[1～4]。血供来源是决定组织瓣成活的关键因素,本文通过胎儿颈外动脉的血管造影、血管铸型、墨汁灌注,研究舌的血供,再次证实舌动脉结扎后,舌体可籍面动脉之颏下动脉及其它分支、交通支获得血供[5],为包括舌动脉的舌根切除应用舌体组织瓣后置修复缺损的可能性提供了解剖依据。研究结果也显示:舌根癌需行颈淋巴结联合根治术而结扎舌动脉的患者,使用同侧舌体组织瓣有可能导致缺血性坏死。研究采用客观可靠的手段,结果对临床具有重要参考价值。此外有关双侧舌体…     

颈横血管为蒂的斜方肌上部肌皮瓣及肩胛冈骨肌皮瓣的应用解剖

目的：进一步探讨以颈横血管为蒡的斜方肌上部肌皮瓣及肩胛冈骨肌皮瓣的应用解剖学基础。方法：解剖观测32侧斜方肌上部、肩胛冈的形态、血供。结果：斜方肌上部近似于梯形,A、B、C和D四缘平均长度为174.63、157.18、86.98、80.95mm,面积126.78cm^2,肩胛冈全长131.21mm;颈横动脉干、颈浅动脉干及其升支、肩胛冈支平均长度分别为42.50、27.80、43.12、28.75mm,起点外径分别为2.71、2.39、1.96、0.50mm,升支发出0.5mm以上肌皮穿支3－6支,回流静脉与相应动脉伴行。结论：斜方肌上部及肩胛冈形态及血供适合形成以颈横血管为蒂的组织瓣,修复口腔颌面部组织缺损。     

颏下区岛状肌皮瓣在口腔颌面部软组织缺损重建中的应用

目的:探讨颏下区岛状肌皮瓣在口腔颌面部软组织缺损重建中的临床应用效果.方法:以颌外动脉、面前静脉的分支颏下动、静脉为蒂制备颏下区岛状肌皮瓣,修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损.结果:应用该皮瓣修复的14例患者,12例全部成活,1例出现部分坏死,1例失败,成功率92.9%,全部病例切除原发灶同时行同侧颈淋巴结清扫术,术后外观与功能满意.结论:颏下岛状皮瓣具有长而可靠的血管蒂、厚薄适中、成活率高、切口隐蔽、无需血管吻合、操作简单等优点,是口腔颌面部软组织缺损一期重建的理想选择.     

带颈横血管上斜方肌肌皮瓣即刻修复舌癌术后缺损21例报道

目的：研究以颈横动脉为蒂的上斜方肌肌皮瓣修复舌癌术后舌缺损的临床效果。方法：1994年9月-2004年4月期间，对21例经病理确诊的舌癌患者均行根治性颈清术，术中采用以颈横血管为蒂的上斜方肌肌皮瓣同期修复舌缺损。供区创面直接拉拢缝合，未行植皮。结果：21例皮瓣全部成活，仅1例出现部分坏死。术后早期再造舌外形和功能都较差，3个月-1a后，形态上出现黏膜化，语言、咀嚼和吞咽功能逐渐改善。结论：以颈横动脉为蒂的上斜方肌肌皮瓣是修复舌缺损的优良皮瓣之一．     

面动脉岛状肌皮瓣修复舌癌术后组织缺损12例

目的:探讨下颌下区面动脉岛状肌皮瓣修复舌癌根治术后组织缺损的可靠性及效果。方法 :选择2009-01—2012-01,韶关市第一人民医院口腔颌面外科收治的舌癌患者12例,其中男性7例,女性5例,全部采用下颌下区面动脉岛状肌皮瓣同期修复舌癌根治性切除术后半舌缺损,术后观察组织瓣成活情况、外形和功能、患者的生存状态以及癌瘤复发等情况。结果:12例患者中,皮瓣完全成活11例,1例皮瓣部分坏死。术后随访6～36个月,患者舌部皮瓣形态、质地良好,语言及吞咽功能理想。1例患者出现颈部肿瘤复发。结论:下颌下区面动脉岛状肌皮瓣可作为半舌缺损修复较理想的皮瓣,该术式简单,易成功,适合同期修复舌癌根治术后半舌缺损。     

双颏神经血管蒂V-Y岛状推进皮瓣联合舌瓣功能性重建完全性下唇缺损

目的:评价双颏神经血管蒂V-Y岛状推进皮瓣联合舌瓣功能性重建完全性下唇缺损的效果。方法:对9例唇癌患者进行肿瘤切除术,并利用以颏神经血管束为蒂的双颏V-Y岛状推进皮瓣联合舌瓣功能性重建下唇缺损。结果:皮瓣存活率达100%。随访6～20个月,患者唇部功能、感觉正常,且形态美观;均无局部复发或淋巴结转移。结论:双颏神经血管蒂V-Y岛状推进皮瓣联合舌瓣是唇癌切除后造成完全性下唇缺损的理想功能性修复方法。     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Electrodeposition of bilayers of dithiols

We report an electrochemical method to form a bilayer of dithiol. The cyclic voltammogram of the oxidative deposition of an aromatic dithiol on gold from an alkaline aqueous solution reveals two current peaks separated by more than 400 mV. The integrated charge of the oxidative current peak (B) at the most positive potential is twice that of the other oxidative current peak (A). These two oxidative current peaks were characterized by differential capacitance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. A decrease of the capacity by a factor of two, and an increase of the EQCM frequency change by a factor of two were observed when the potential was scanned from a value where only the first oxidative peak (A) is obtained, to a potential where both oxidative current peaks (A and B) are obtained. Infrared spectra show that the aromatic dithiols adsorb vertically at potentials corresponding to the current peak A and they become tilted for potentials corresponding to the current peak B. The simple relationships between the properties of the two oxidative current peaks are found to be compatible with a step-wise oxidative deposition of a bilayer of dithiol.