改良结膜入路眼眶内下壁减压术治疗轻中度甲状腺相关眼病的临床效果

目的　评价改良结膜入路眼眶内下壁减压术治疗轻中度甲状腺相关眼病的疗效。方法　回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年8月在云南省第二人民医院行改良结膜入路眼眶内下壁减压术治疗的10例（11眼）轻中度甲状腺相关眼病患者。所有患者在术前均给予眼眶水平位、冠状位和矢状位CT检查，测量视力、眼球突出度、复视情况，检查眼外观进行眼前段照相等。将手术前、后眼球突出度，视力以及复视的改善情况作为效果评价指标，对相关数据进行统计和分析。结果　本组11眼术前眼球突出度为（18.94±1.40）mm，术后（15.22±1.46）mm；术后与术前比较，眼球突出度降低（3.72±0.64）mm，差异有统计学意义（t=18.379，P＜0.001）。术前视力为 0.53±0.29，术后为0.62±0.32；术后与术前比较，视力提高0.08±0.10，差异有统计学意义（t=-2.733，P=0.021）。术前复视2例；术后新发生复视2例，均为轻度复视。术前已存在复视的患者，术后复视程度无加重。结论　改良结膜入路眼眶内下壁减压术能有效改善甲状腺相关眼病患者的眼球突出度与视力，术后复视发生概率低，手术切口隐蔽美观，是一种可靠且有效的眶减压术式。     

Medpor板修复眼眶骨折合并眼球内陷的临床观察

目的：观察高密度多孔聚乙烯( Medpor )板在眼眶骨折合并眼球内陷修复术中的应用效果。
　　方法：对因眼眶骨折致眼球内陷患者17例17眼,采用Medpor板进行眶壁骨折修复手术。术后随访6mo,观察眼球突出度、眼球运动及复视等变化。
　　结果：术前患眼较对侧平均内陷(3.4±1.5) mm,术后6mo有2例残存眼球内陷1mm,其余15例眼球突出度与健眼差值小于1 mm。术前17例均存在眼球运动受限并伴有不同程度复视,术后6mo,16例患者眼球运动受限治愈,复视消失,1例患眼轻度外展受限并残存外侧水平复视。术后随访期间未见Medpor板的脱出、排斥、感染或其他不良反应。
　　结论：Medpor板可有效补充眼眶容积,修复眼球内陷等眼眶骨折并发症。     

经冠状入路眼眶减压术26例

目的探讨经冠状入路眼眶减压术(coronal surgical approach to orbital decompression，CSAD)的临床疗效。方法选择双眼甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid associated Ophthalmopathy，TAO)患者26例(52眼)，行CSAD手术，其中二壁减压20例，三壁减压6例。结果手术前平均睑裂宽度14．5mm，手术后11．7mm；术前平均眼球突出度23mm；术后平均眼球突出16．8mm。平均后退6．2mm，术后视力提高18例(36眼)无变化7例(14眼)减退1例(2眼)；术后复视改善17例，无变化6例，复视症状加重3例。结论CSAD具有减压效果明显，并发症少，术后眼部无瘢痕等优点。     

深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关性眼病

目的：探究深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关性眼病的临床治疗效果及安全性。

方法：分析我科既往住院患者病历,纳入2019-01/2020-05在我科住院的符合纳入标准的甲状腺相关性眼病患者17例。所有患者均在全身麻醉下行深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术,比较患者术前术后的视力、暴露性角膜炎恢复情况、突眼度、眼压以及并发症情况。

结果：所纳入研究的对象中,有甲状腺相关眼病视神经病变(DON)8例9眼,术前的最佳矫正视力0.78±0.15,术后1mo 0.36±0.12,与术前视力相比有差异(P<0.01),术后6mo 0.38±0.12,与术后1mo无差异(P=0.594)。术前眼球突出度23.75±2.55mm,术后1mo为14.85±1.53mm,与术前突眼度相比有差异(P<0.01),术后6mo为14.60±1.64mm,与术后1mo基本保持稳定(P=0.658)。术前眼压25.56±3.23mmHg,术后1mo为18.42±2.35mmHg,与术前相比有差异(P<0.01),术后6mo眼压降至15.82±2.57mmHg,与术后1mo眼压相比有差异(P<0.01)。术前有暴露性角膜炎6例6眼,术后1mo有4眼好转,2眼治愈,术后6mo 6眼全部治愈。术后患者复视情况均有不同程度减轻,并有部分患者复视症状在此后6mo持续好转,未出现其他严重并发症。

结论：深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术可以有效地改善眼突,对DON及暴露性角膜炎等严重并发症也有良好的疗效,并发症少,是治疗严重甲状腺相关性眼病的有效手术方案。     

眼眶平衡减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病

目的 探讨平衡眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效和手术方法。方法 采用内外壁眼眶减压术治疗20例35眼甲状腺相关眼病患者。术后随访平均14个月。观察术后视力、眼球突出度和眼球运动等情况。结果 20例35眼中除1例行眶外壁减压外，其余均行内外壁平衡眼眶减压术。眼球突出度缓解3～11mm，其中3～4mm者5眼，5～9mm者28眼，10～11mm者2眼，平均6．32mm。视力从术前数指提高至0．1者6眼，提高2行以上者8眼，无变化21眼。术后眼球运动明显好转者9眼，运动障碍加重2眼。无视力丧失及术后感染。结论 平衡眼眶减压术是治疗甲状腺相关眼病的有效方法。     

改良三壁眶减压术治疗重症甲状腺相关性眼病的疗效观察

目的观察改良三壁眶减压术治疗重症甲状腺相关性眼病的效果。方法对我院收治的3例(6眼)经内科治疗无效的重症甲状腺相关性眼病患者实施改良三壁眶减压术,观察患者术后视力、眼球突出度及外观情况。结果术后4眼视力轻度提高,2眼保持不变;眼球后退5.3～12.6mm,平均9.5mm;睑裂闭合不全者术后均闭合良好,外观满意;1眼出现少量眶内血肿,治疗后吸收;4眼出现双眼复视,均于1个月内消失;术后CT显示眼眶减压良好。结论改良三壁眶减压术可有效扩大眼眶容积,降低眶内压,还纳眼球,减少眼球突出,改善外观,对内科保守治疗、常规眶减压术无效的重症甲状腺相关性眼病患者安全有效。     

眼眶减压术治疗30例恶性突眼的疗效观察

目的 评价眼眶减压术治疗严重恶性突眼患者的疗效。方法 采用眼眶减压术治疗30例(34只眼)恶性突眼患者,其中二壁减压术22,只眼,三壁减压术12只眼。术后随访3个月至9年,平均4．5年。观察恶性突眼患者术后视力、眼球突出度、眼球活动度及外观情况。结果 34只眼术后眼睑均能完全闭合。视力：提高25只眼,无改变5只眼,下降4只眼。眼球突出度：二壁减压术后(18．5mm)较术前(22．3mm)明显减小,三壁减压术后(18．6mm)较术前(25．7mm)明显减小。结论 眼眶减压术是治疗严重恶性突眼的有效方法。     

眼眶减压术对甲状腺相关眼病患者脉络膜厚度的影响

目的:探究眼眶减压术对甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)患者黄斑区中心凹脉络膜厚度(CMCT)的影响。方法:前瞻性临床研究。分析2021-01/2022-01在我科治疗的TAO患者29例42眼,根据病情严重程度分为中重度组20例30眼和极重度组9例12眼。两组患者均接受眼眶减压术治疗,比较两组患者术前,术后3、6mo CMCT、最佳矫正视力、眼压、眼球突出度、活动度评分(CAS)的变化情况。结果:所有患者均完成随访。术后3、6mo,极重度组CMCT、眼球突出度、眼压、CAS评分为355.13±15.59、339.61±13.17μm, 19.33±2.23、17.83±1.70mm, 18.86±3.05、18.09±1.37mmHg, 3.75±0.87、2.42±1.00分;中重度组为325.00±10.48、321.04±11.34μm, 16.07±1.74、15.6±1.98mm, 16.65±2.04、16.03±2.3mmHg, 1.50±0.51、1.43±0.50分,与术前(极重度组：396.46±17.61μm, 22.00±2.3mm, 21.85±2.82mmHg, 5....     

眼眶脂肪减压术治疗甲状腺眼病的临床研究

目的 评价眼眶脂肪减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效.方法 对10例(12只眼)、经眼睑皮肤和(或)结膜切口入路,切除肌肉圆锥内外的眼眶脂肪,1只眼经下睑睫毛下皮肤切口,在切除肌锥内,外脂肪后用高速磨头磨削眼眶下壁骨壁.结果 切除脂肪量1.9～3 ml,平均2.6ml.术后矫正眼球突出度2～3 mm,平均2.4mm.脂肪减压术联合眼眶骨壁磨削的患者出现了术眼眼球向下移位和向下注视时顽固性复视.其余患者未出现并发症.结论 眼眶脂肪减压术可以减轻眼球突出,是一项安全有效的手术方法,但减压效果有限.     

球旁注射曲安奈德治疗Graves眼病的疗效观察

目的:评价长效糖皮质激素治疗Graves眼病的临床效果。方法:曲安奈德40mg行患眼球旁注射,30d1次,4次为1个疗程。对治疗前和疗程结束后观察并记录眼部症状、眼征情况,并行统计学分析。结果:治疗Graves眼病30例56眼。治疗前后平均眼球突出度分别为18.2±2.2,14.6±1.8mm,相差显著(P<0.01),眼球突出回退率为84%(47/56);平均睑裂高度分别为11.6±1.7,8.4±1.1mm,相差显著(P<0.01),缩小率为80%(45/56)。B超测量眼外肌厚度情况:下、上、内、外直肌治疗前后厚度分别为6.25±1.93,4.21±1.25,6.34±1.46,4.17±1.38,5.67±1.64,3.87±1.04,4.57±1.37,3.35±0.81mm,各眼外肌厚度缩小均显著。35只视力下降眼中28眼(80%)视力改善;23例斜视和复视者,17例(74%)消失,6例(26%)得到改善,绝大部分患者畏光流泪、眼胀、眼痛等症状及结膜充血水肿、眼睑水肿等体征明显改善或消除,未见并发症。结论:球旁注射曲安奈德对Graves眼病患者的症状体征具有明显改善和消除作用,且副作用小,安全性高。     

Transcaruncular orbital decompression: an alternate procedure for Graves ophthalmopathy with compressive optic neuropathy

PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of transcaruncular orbital apex decompression for Graves ophthalmopathy with compressive optic neuropathy nonresponsive to pulse corticosteroids. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series study. METHODS: From August 1999 to November 2003, transcaruncular orbital decompression was performed in 22 consecutive Graves ophthalmopathy patients with compressive optic neuropathy refractory to pulse corticosteroids. The average period of corticosteroid treatment was 16.1 +/- 5.2 days. Main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative best-corrected vision, Hertel exophthalmometry, 100-hue color sensation test, visual evoked potential, visual field, and new-onset diplopia. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved significantly from 1.08 +/- 0.24 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) preoperatively to 0.29 +/- 0.18 logMAR postoperatively (P < .0001). Average improvement in retinal sensitivity was 9.4 +/- 8.2 dB, in P(100) value of visual evoked potential was 27.5 +/- 20.1, and in "total errors" of the 100-hue test was 309.9 +/- 214.3 after surgery. Average retroplacement effect was 3.7 +/- 1.6 mm. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between preoperative and postoperative measurements for all above parameters (P < .0001). New-onset diplopia occurred in 38% of patients. There were no complications specifically attributable to the transcaruncular technique. CONCLUSIONS: The transcaruncular approach offers access to the medial and inferior wall for orbital apex decompression in Graves ophthalmopathy patients with compressive optic neuropathy refractory to pulse corticosteroids. Advantages over other approaches included no external scar, less damage to adjacent tissue, and wide exposure to the entire medial wall.     

眼眶二壁减压术治疗12例Graves眼病 压迫性视神经病变

目的评价眼眶减压术治疗压迫性视神经病变的疗效。方法对12例患者14只Graves眼病合并压迫性视神经病变眼施行了二壁眶减压术,减压骨壁尽量靠近眶尖。结果14只眼术后均能完全闭合。视力提高11只眼,基本不变2只眼,下降1只眼。眼球突度平均减少4.0 mm。结论二壁眶减压术是治疗Graves眼病压迫性视神经病变的有效方法。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:303-304)     

Results of transantral orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

PURPOSE: To present the results of orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: Transantral orbital decompression was performed in 63 patients with TAO. In 40 patients (63%) the operation was made because of progressive ophthalmopathy not responding to medical therapy, and in 23 patients (37%) the operation was made for rehabilitative reasons. The long-term hypesthesia engaging the infraorbital nerve was assessed with a questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: The mean proptosis reduction was 3.2 mm (range 0-8 mm). Twenty-one patients had impaired visual acuity preoperatively, and 20 improved. Altogether 30 patients (40%) had worsened ocular motility postoperatively. Forty-three patients did not have diplopia in the primary position preoperatively, and new diplopia developed in 22 of these (51%). Hypesthesia in the infraorbital nerve area was reported for half of the operated sides, but was a major cause of distress (VAS-scoring >5) to eleven patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transantral orbital decompression is indicated in patients with progressive TAO or in patients with prominent exophthalmos, and results in a good proptosis reduction, but the risk of postoperative diplopia is significant. Postoperative hypesthesia is common but often not a major problem.     

Results and predictability of fat-removal orbital decompression for disfiguring graves exophthalmos in an Asian patient population

PURPOSE: To evaluate proptosis reduction by fat-removal orbital decompression (FROD), to determine the incidence of postoperative diplopia, and to assess predictability of proptosis reduction per volume of resected orbital fat. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients (31 men; 89 women) with Graves ophthalmopathy were treated with FROD via the transforniceal approach on 222 orbits between April 2003 and April 2006. Fifteen (12.5%) patients exhibited preoperative diplopia; 105 (87.5%) were without diplopia; mean follow-up +/- standard deviation (SD) was 10.9 +/- 5.1 months (range, six to 37 months). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate Hertel change with FROD by linear regression. The setting was thyroid eye disease special clinics at National Taiwan University Hospital. RESULTS: Mean Hertel values +/- SD decreased from 20.3 +/- 1.8 mm (range, 16.5 to 26.0 mm) to 16.8 +/- 1.4 mm (range, 13.5 to 21.0). Mean proptosis reduction +/- SD was 3.6 +/- 1.0 mm (range, 1.5 to 7.5 mm). Mean volume of resected orbital fat +/- SD was 3.6 +/- 1.0 ml (range, 1.2 to 6.5 ml). New-onset diplopia was noted for 2.8% of patients after FROD. The final predictive equation for Hertel change is shown as: 0.72 x removal of intraconal fat (ml) - 0.001 x age (yrs) - 0.22 x gender (male, 1; female, 0) - 0.19 x preoperative diplopia (yes, 1; no, 0) + 1.02. CONCLUSIONS: FROD can achieve reasonable proptosis reduction and can reduce incidence of new-onset diplopia for patients with disfiguring Graves exophthalmos. The volume of resected orbital fat correlates with mean Hertel value change. The amount of resected orbital fat may predict proptosis reduction.     

Optic neuropathy of Graves disease: results of transantral orbital decompression and long-term follow-up in 215 patients

PURPOSE: To review demographic characteristics, clinical features, and long-term outcomes of patients with optic neuropathy of Graves disease after transantral orbital decompression. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of noncomparative interventional case series; long-term follow-up by questionnaire. METHODS: Medical record data (preoperative and postoperative assessments) were collected from patients who had transantral orbital decompression to treat Graves optic neuropathy. Responses to two follow-up questionnaires concerning patient satisfaction were evaluated. Statistical analysis (reflected as P values) compared preoperative and early postoperative (< or =182 days) data. RESULTS: Between November 1969 and May 1989, 215 patients underwent transantral orbital decompression for Graves optic neuropathy. In 205 eyes with visual acuity of 20/40 or worse before decompression, visual acuity improved by 3 Snellen lines or more in 110 (54%) (P <.001). Of 291 eyes with visual field defects preoperatively, 120 (41%) had resolution, and 126 (43%) had improvement postoperatively (P <.001). Proptosis was reduced in 350 eyes by 4.4 +/- 2.3 mm (mean +/- SD) (P <.001). In 104 eyes, disk edema resolved in 72 (69%) and improved in 28 (27%). Responses to questionnaires mailed in 1990 and 2000 showed that 76% and 88% of respondents, respectively, were subjectively satisfied with the results of orbital decompression. CONCLUSIONS: Transantral orbital decompression appeared to be effective in treating optic neuropathy of Graves disease. Patient satisfaction was high at 10-year and 20-year follow-up.     

多孔聚乙烯板修复眼眶爆裂性骨折

目的探讨多孔聚乙烯（Medpor）板在眶壁爆裂性骨折修复术中应用的临床效果。方法对67例（67只眼）眼眶爆裂性骨折,应用Medpor板进行修复手术。术后随访6个月～2年观察眼球突出度、眼球运动及复视等指标。结果术前眼球突出度检查,患眼与对侧眼眼球突出度相差1．0—8．0平均（3．6±1．4）mm,差异具有统计学意义（t=19．884,P=0．000）;手术后3个月,患眼手术前后眼球突出度比较,相差0．0～7．0（3．2±1．4）mm,差异具有统计学意义（t=19．192,P=0．000）;术前65只眼眼球运动受限牵引试验阳性并伴有不同程度复视,手术后3个月,眼球运动受限者中有60例（92．3％）治愈,复视完全消失;5例（7．7％）30°视野范围外仍有复视,但对日常生活无明显影响。结论Medpor板修复眶壁骨折是一种安全有效、方便、可靠的手术方法。