经冠状入路眼眶减压术26例

目的探讨经冠状入路眼眶减压术(coronal surgical approach to orbital decompression，CSAD)的临床疗效。方法选择双眼甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid associated Ophthalmopathy，TAO)患者26例(52眼)，行CSAD手术，其中二壁减压20例，三壁减压6例。结果手术前平均睑裂宽度14．5mm，手术后11．7mm；术前平均眼球突出度23mm；术后平均眼球突出16．8mm。平均后退6．2mm，术后视力提高18例(36眼)无变化7例(14眼)减退1例(2眼)；术后复视改善17例，无变化6例，复视症状加重3例。结论CSAD具有减压效果明显，并发症少，术后眼部无瘢痕等优点。     

改良三壁眶减压术治疗重症甲状腺相关性眼病的疗效观察

目的观察改良三壁眶减压术治疗重症甲状腺相关性眼病的效果。方法对我院收治的3例(6眼)经内科治疗无效的重症甲状腺相关性眼病患者实施改良三壁眶减压术,观察患者术后视力、眼球突出度及外观情况。结果术后4眼视力轻度提高,2眼保持不变;眼球后退5.3～12.6mm,平均9.5mm;睑裂闭合不全者术后均闭合良好,外观满意;1眼出现少量眶内血肿,治疗后吸收;4眼出现双眼复视,均于1个月内消失;术后CT显示眼眶减压良好。结论改良三壁眶减压术可有效扩大眼眶容积,降低眶内压,还纳眼球,减少眼球突出,改善外观,对内科保守治疗、常规眶减压术无效的重症甲状腺相关性眼病患者安全有效。     

甲状腺相关眼病眼眶减压术的疗效分析

目的：探讨眼眶减压术在甲状腺相关眼病中治疗的价值。方法：回顾性分析中山眼科中心1993－2000年27例（30只眼）经全身和眼部临床检查（视力、视野或视觉诱发电位等）确诊为甲状腺相关眼病患者采用眼眶减压术（一壁、二壁及三壁减压）治疗的临床资料,观察其手术前和手术后患者视力、眼球突出度及眼球运动的变化。术后随访2个月至7年,平均13．7个月。结果：视力：19只眼（63．3％）明显提高;4只眼（13．3％）轻度提高,视力均保持在0．2－0．8;4只眼（13．3％）视力无变化,其中3只眼（10．0％）视力下降。24只眼（80．0％）眼球突出后退≥3．0mm,28只眼（93．3％）眼球突出后退≥2．0mm,平均眼球突出后退3．6mm。结论：眼眶减压术可提高甲状腺相关眼病患者的视力,减轻其眼球突出度。     

眼眶脂肪减压术治疗甲状腺眼病的临床研究

目的 评价眼眶脂肪减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效.方法 对10例(12只眼)、经眼睑皮肤和(或)结膜切口入路,切除肌肉圆锥内外的眼眶脂肪,1只眼经下睑睫毛下皮肤切口,在切除肌锥内,外脂肪后用高速磨头磨削眼眶下壁骨壁.结果 切除脂肪量1.9～3 ml,平均2.6ml.术后矫正眼球突出度2～3 mm,平均2.4mm.脂肪减压术联合眼眶骨壁磨削的患者出现了术眼眼球向下移位和向下注视时顽固性复视.其余患者未出现并发症.结论 眼眶脂肪减压术可以减轻眼球突出,是一项安全有效的手术方法,但减压效果有限.     

眼眶平衡减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病

目的 探讨平衡眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效和手术方法。方法 采用内外壁眼眶减压术治疗20例35眼甲状腺相关眼病患者。术后随访平均14个月。观察术后视力、眼球突出度和眼球运动等情况。结果 20例35眼中除1例行眶外壁减压外，其余均行内外壁平衡眼眶减压术。眼球突出度缓解3～11mm，其中3～4mm者5眼，5～9mm者28眼，10～11mm者2眼，平均6．32mm。视力从术前数指提高至0．1者6眼，提高2行以上者8眼，无变化21眼。术后眼球运动明显好转者9眼，运动障碍加重2眼。无视力丧失及术后感染。结论 平衡眼眶减压术是治疗甲状腺相关眼病的有效方法。     

眼眶减压术20眼临床分析

目的：探讨眼眶减压术对经保守治疗无效的甲状腺相关性眼病的临床疗效与合并症。方法：对12例20眼的术前临床表现、术后的疗效与并发症进行随访并统计。结果：三壁减压使眼球后退6－8mm,外下壁减压后退4－6mm,内下壁减压后退3－5mm。14／16眼（87．5％）角膜损害痊愈,2／16眼（12．5％）好转。17／20眼（85％）视力提高,3／20眼（15％）无改善。并发症包括2眼复视,5眼眶下神经损害,1眼眶继发出血。结论：眼眶减压术对保守治疗无效的甲状腺相关眼病是一种有效、安全、并发症少的治疗手段。可用于继发角膜损害,压迫视神经与要求美容 的病例。     

眼眶减压术治疗Graves眼病的临床效果

目的:探讨眼眶减压术治疗Graves眼病的效果及安全性.方法:选取2011-02/2016-02在我院治疗的Graves眼病患者55例77眼,均行眼眶减压术治疗,观察患者术后6 mo视力、眼球突出度及并发症.结果:患者术后6 mo最佳矫正视力(0.23±0.09)明显较术前(0.46±0.07)有所提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者术后6 mo眼球突出度(16.20±1.99 mm)明显较术前(20.13±1.87mm)有所减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后CAS评分≤3分眼数为56眼(73%),明显较术前15眼(19%)有所增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前共有50眼(65%)存在色觉障碍,术后有42眼(55%)视觉障碍明显改善,8眼(10%)无变化;77眼术后6 mo眼球突出度平均下降3.87±1.03 mm;术后出现新复视患者5例8眼,新发复视率10%,随访3 mo后,复视消失.结论:眼眶减压术治疗Graves眼病是一种有效方法,但应注意术后复视等并发症发生.     

眼眶骨折的手术治疗

目的研究眼眶爆裂性骨折整复术中应用Medpor的疗效。方法对135例眼眶爆裂性骨折手术：眶内壁骨折患者采用内眦皮肤切口及结膜切口入路，眼眶下壁骨折，及下壁合并内壁骨折术中采用下睑缘或下穹隆手术切口入眶，将嵌顿于眼眶骨折处的下直肌、内直肌及其他软组织游离至眶内，插入修剪塑形后的Medpor板。结果术后眼球突出度较术前提高1．5～5．0mm，同对侧正常眼相比为-2～＋2mm（即内陷或突出2mm之间），外观上基本同受伤前相似，术后1月后复视消除103例（76．30％），术后3月复视消除128例（94．81％）。结论及时实施眼眶爆裂性骨折整复术合并Medpor板植入可有效矫正眼球内陷及复视。     

眼眶减压术治疗30例恶性突眼的疗效观察

目的 评价眼眶减压术治疗严重恶性突眼患者的疗效。方法 采用眼眶减压术治疗30例(34只眼)恶性突眼患者,其中二壁减压术22,只眼,三壁减压术12只眼。术后随访3个月至9年,平均4．5年。观察恶性突眼患者术后视力、眼球突出度、眼球活动度及外观情况。结果 34只眼术后眼睑均能完全闭合。视力：提高25只眼,无改变5只眼,下降4只眼。眼球突出度：二壁减压术后(18．5mm)较术前(22．3mm)明显减小,三壁减压术后(18．6mm)较术前(25．7mm)明显减小。结论 眼眶减压术是治疗严重恶性突眼的有效方法。     

经结膜入路行眼眶爆裂性骨折整复疗效分析

目的:探讨经结膜入路行眼眶爆裂性骨折整复手术的疗效及优势。方法:回顾性分析46例眼眶内壁、下壁骨折患者经结膜入路行眶壁骨折整复的手术方法和效果。结果:术后所有患者视力无明显下降;在31例复视患者中,术后12mo,3例存在向上方及颞侧极度转动时复视;23例眼球内陷患者中,术后3~12mo,15例患者双眼眼突度相差≤2.0mm,8例患者术眼低于健眼2.0mm以上;所有患者外观均无可见的手术瘢痕及外眦畸形。结论:经结膜入路行眼眶爆裂性骨折整复手术,方法安全可靠,入路简单,操作方便,并发症少,患者面部没有瘢痕。     

深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关性眼病

目的：探究深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术治疗甲状腺相关性眼病的临床治疗效果及安全性。

方法：分析我科既往住院患者病历,纳入2019-01/2020-05在我科住院的符合纳入标准的甲状腺相关性眼病患者17例。所有患者均在全身麻醉下行深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术,比较患者术前术后的视力、暴露性角膜炎恢复情况、突眼度、眼压以及并发症情况。

结果：所纳入研究的对象中,有甲状腺相关眼病视神经病变(DON)8例9眼,术前的最佳矫正视力0.78±0.15,术后1mo 0.36±0.12,与术前视力相比有差异(P<0.01),术后6mo 0.38±0.12,与术后1mo无差异(P=0.594)。术前眼球突出度23.75±2.55mm,术后1mo为14.85±1.53mm,与术前突眼度相比有差异(P<0.01),术后6mo为14.60±1.64mm,与术后1mo基本保持稳定(P=0.658)。术前眼压25.56±3.23mmHg,术后1mo为18.42±2.35mmHg,与术前相比有差异(P<0.01),术后6mo眼压降至15.82±2.57mmHg,与术后1mo眼压相比有差异(P<0.01)。术前有暴露性角膜炎6例6眼,术后1mo有4眼好转,2眼治愈,术后6mo 6眼全部治愈。术后患者复视情况均有不同程度减轻,并有部分患者复视症状在此后6mo持续好转,未出现其他严重并发症。

结论：深外侧壁联合内侧壁眼眶减压术可以有效地改善眼突,对DON及暴露性角膜炎等严重并发症也有良好的疗效,并发症少,是治疗严重甲状腺相关性眼病的有效手术方案。     

不同治疗方法对改善甲状腺相关眼病症状的效果评价

目的　评价手术加全身激素治疗、球旁局部激素注射、全身激素治疗用于不同病情甲状腺相关眼病（thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO）的疗效。方法　入组36例（72眼）TAO患者，根据病情分为三组并给予相应治疗，手术+全身激素组（手术组）、球旁局部注射激素治疗组（球旁组）和全身激素组（激素组）。比较治疗前及治疗后视力、眼球突出度和临床活动性评分（clinical activity score,CAS)改善情况。结果　手术组、激素组患者治疗前、治疗后视力比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），治疗后眼球突出度降低、CAS减少，与治疗前比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05），且眼球突出度降低幅度最大。球旁组治疗后与治疗前比较，视力提高、眼球突出度降低、CAS评分减少，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。眼球突出度降低的有效率分别为手术组100.0%、球旁组65.3%、激素组3.2%，手术组、球旁组有效率均优于激素组（均为P＜0.05）。对改善视力、降低CAS评分的有效率三组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　对严重的TAO患者施行眶减压手术是降低眼球突出度首选治疗方式。球旁局部激素注射总体效果优于全身激素治疗，但是还需要更多的临床研究来比较球旁局部激素注射治疗、长期激素治疗、短期激素冲击治疗三者间的优劣。     

Results of transantral orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

PURPOSE: To present the results of orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: Transantral orbital decompression was performed in 63 patients with TAO. In 40 patients (63%) the operation was made because of progressive ophthalmopathy not responding to medical therapy, and in 23 patients (37%) the operation was made for rehabilitative reasons. The long-term hypesthesia engaging the infraorbital nerve was assessed with a questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: The mean proptosis reduction was 3.2 mm (range 0-8 mm). Twenty-one patients had impaired visual acuity preoperatively, and 20 improved. Altogether 30 patients (40%) had worsened ocular motility postoperatively. Forty-three patients did not have diplopia in the primary position preoperatively, and new diplopia developed in 22 of these (51%). Hypesthesia in the infraorbital nerve area was reported for half of the operated sides, but was a major cause of distress (VAS-scoring >5) to eleven patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transantral orbital decompression is indicated in patients with progressive TAO or in patients with prominent exophthalmos, and results in a good proptosis reduction, but the risk of postoperative diplopia is significant. Postoperative hypesthesia is common but often not a major problem.     

多孔聚乙烯板修复眼眶爆裂性骨折

目的探讨多孔聚乙烯（Medpor）板在眶壁爆裂性骨折修复术中应用的临床效果。方法对67例（67只眼）眼眶爆裂性骨折,应用Medpor板进行修复手术。术后随访6个月～2年观察眼球突出度、眼球运动及复视等指标。结果术前眼球突出度检查,患眼与对侧眼眼球突出度相差1．0—8．0平均（3．6±1．4）mm,差异具有统计学意义（t=19．884,P=0．000）;手术后3个月,患眼手术前后眼球突出度比较,相差0．0～7．0（3．2±1．4）mm,差异具有统计学意义（t=19．192,P=0．000）;术前65只眼眼球运动受限牵引试验阳性并伴有不同程度复视,手术后3个月,眼球运动受限者中有60例（92．3％）治愈,复视完全消失;5例（7．7％）30°视野范围外仍有复视,但对日常生活无明显影响。结论Medpor板修复眶壁骨折是一种安全有效、方便、可靠的手术方法。     

Orbital decompression: a comparison between trans-fornix/transcaruncular inferomedial and coronal inferomedial plus lateral approaches

PURPOSE: To compare two techniques of orbital decompression for Graves orbitopathy, that is, the inferomedial transfornix/transcaruncular approach and the inferomedial plus lateral coronal approach. METHODS: Comparative interventional case series. A retrospective review of 53 patients (94 orbits) with Graves orbitopathy operated on over a 9-year period was performed. Forty-nine orbits were decompressed by the transfornix-transcaruncular approach and 45 by the coronal approach. Data obtained for all patients included computed tomography scans of the orbits, Snellen visual acuity measurements, visual fields, Hertel exophthalmometry, color vision testing, subjective testing for diplopia in the cardinal positions of gaze, and direct ophthalmoscopic or biomicroscopic examination of the optic disc. RESULTS: The mean proptosis reduction was 4.37 mm with the transfornix/transcaruncular approach and 5.76 mm with the 3-wall coronal approach. The rate of optic neuropathy reversal was similar with both techniques (90%). Induction of new diplopia occurred in 13.6% patients operated by the transfornix/transcaruncular approach and in 16.6% patients who underwent decompression by the coronal approach. CONCLUSIONS: The two techniques have similar effects on visual function and ocular motility. For the vast majority of patients with Graves who need orbital decompression, the coronal approach is unnecessary; the transconjunctival approach allows the same exposure to the medial, inferior, and lateral walls.     

Zwei-Wand-Dekompression ohne Resektion der medialen Wand

Background

Postoperative new onset diplopia can be a disadvantage for surgical orbital decompression in patients with exophthalmos in thyroid eye disease. The various modifications of decompression (number and combination of walls) differ in their influence on the postoperative squint angle. We report on postoperative diplopia in a modified 2 wall decompression strategy (lateral wall and floor).

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis of 36 consecutive 2-wall decompressions performed between 2006?C2010 in 24 patients with 6 months of stable exophthalmos in thyroid eye disease after medical therapy and radiotherapy. The preoperative and postoperative squint angle in prism cover test (PCT), motility, induction of diplopia, reduction of exophthalmos, visual acuity and complications were evaluated.

Results

In all 36 decompressions the postoperative squint angle was equal to or less than before surgery. In 8 eyes additional squint surgery was performed. The mean reduction in exopthalmos was 4.3?mm.

Conclusions

An adverse effect of decompression on the postoperative squint angle was not evident in this study. New induction of diplopia was not observed at all. One possible explanation is the preservation of the medial wall.