一遗传性对称性色素异常症家系ADAR基因突变检测

目的 探讨遗传性对称性色素异常症(DSH)一家系ADAR基因突变情况。方法 收集1个遗传性对称性色素异常症家系的外周血标本,采取PCR结合DNA直接测序的方法,检测了该家系中4例患者及3例表型正常者和150例无亲缘关系健康个体的ADAR基因突变情况。结果 该家系中患者存在ADAR基因上第2879位碱基腺嘌呤(A)转换成鸟嘌呤(G),使得ADAR基因的第10号外显子960位密码子由TAT突变成TGT,导致正常的酪氨酸(Tyr)被半胱氨酸(Cys)替代,而该家系的正常人对照及无关健康个体不存在此突变。结论 DSH家系中患者ADAR基因存在错义突变(2879 A→G),这可能是导致DSH发病的分子机制之一。     

X连锁无汗性外胚叶发育不良家系的基因突变检测

目的 鉴定X连锁无汗性外胚叶发育不良(EDA)家系的基因突变及其突变类型,为建立对该病的基因诊断与遗传咨询提供依据。方法 应用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)分析法,结合DNA测序,检测了汉族人X连锁EDA一家系的基因突变位点与突变方式。结果 EDA致病基因(EDA1基因)外显子1的PCR产物经SSCP分析显示,患者及其携带者母亲出现异常单链条带。DNA测序表明,先证者该基因外显子1的第404位碱基胞嘧啶C被鸟嘌呤G颠换,致使EDA蛋白跨膜区第54位组氨酸突变成谷胺酰胺(H54Q),其母亲同一位置碱基呈现C～G杂合双峰。结论 本EDA家系中患者EDA1基因外显子1存在错义突变(404C→G),这可能是导致EDA发病的分子机制之一。     

尖锐湿疣66例HPV检测及基因分型分析

目的了解贵阳地区尖锐湿疣(CA)皮损中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况及基因测序分析。方法提取66例CA临床样本的HPVDNA,采用MY09/MY11引物进行PCR扩增,筛选出阳性样本;分别用HPV6,11,16,18型特异性引物对阳性样本扩增分型;10例不同临床特征阳性样本,将其MY09/MY11PCR产物进行正反向测序分析。结果65例检测为HPVDNA阳性,HPV6(62,93.0%),HPV11(53,81.5%),HPV16(5,7.60%),HPV18(6,9.0%)单型别感染(13,20.0%)以HPV6为主;混合感染(52,80.0%)以HPV6+11(41,63.2%)为主;三型混合分别为HPV6+11+16(4,6.1%)和HPV6+11+18(5,7.6%)。测序分析:8例为HPV6型,有6个核苷酸位点发生突变,其中第7162位核苷酸C→T,导致P147L和7159位核苷酸A→T,导致Y146F发生错义突变;2例为HPV11型,1例与提交序列有100%的一致性,另1例有4个位点发生核苷酸突变,第7104位核苷酸缺失一个A,导致N133T错义突变。结论本地区CA主要以HPV6+11型的混合感染为主。HPV6,11型与原型序列比较均发现有碱基和氨基酸的改变。     

一毛囊角化病家系ATP2A2基因突变的检测

目的 检测一毛囊角化病家系中ATP2A2基因的突变。方法 1例经组织病理结合临床诊断为毛囊角化病,采用聚合酶链反应和DNA测序方法对此家系进行基因突变情况检测。结果 家系中患者在ATP2A2上第1541位腺嘌呤A变为鸟嘌呤G,使编码ATP酶结合域第514位氨基酸由赖氨酸变为精氨酸,家系中未患病者及对照的健康人均不存在此突变。结论 K514R是引起该家系临床病变的一个新的特异突变,不是多态性变化。     

伴丘疹性损害的先天性无毛症一例及其基因突变的研究

目的 研究1例伴丘疹性损害的先天性无毛症患者及其家系中无毛基因的突变情况。方法 取患者皮损进行组织病理检查;提取家系成员的基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应扩增无毛基因的全部编码序列并结合DNA直接测序方法,检测患者无毛基因的突变。结果 患者无毛基因存在两处杂合突变:第3外显子的1010位碱基由鸟嘌呤变为腺嘌呤,使第337位氨基酸由甘氨酸突变为天冬氨酸(G337D);第4外显子的1491位碱基由胞嘧啶变为胸腺嘧啶,使第498位氨基酸由谷氨酸突变为终止密码(Q498X)。而其父母及一弟该基因仅存在其中的一处杂合突变。结论 该患者无毛基因中G337D及Q498X两处突变可能使该基因无法编码正常的蛋白,为导致临床表现的特异突变。     

一例显性营养不良型大疱性表皮松解症的基因突变检测

目的 研究1例营养不良型大疱性表皮松解症家系中的基因突变情况.方法 经组织病理、电镜及免疫荧光方法结合临床诊断为显性营养不良型大疱性表皮松解症1例,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)DNA直接测序,限制性内切酶反应及应用D3S1359、D20S161、D5S818、D17S1293、CSFIPO五个座位微卫星DNA多态标志的方法对此例患者家系进行基因突变情况检测.结果 家系中患者存在COL7A1上第6240位鸟嘌呤G被腺嘌呤A替代突变导致Ⅶ胶原第2043位的甘氨酸被精氨酸替代,而其父母及对照的健康人均不存在此突变.结论 G2043R是引起该家系临床病变的特异突变,不是多态性变化,且此突变为一个denovo突变.     

Hartnup病一家系基因突变研究

目的: 研究一Hartnup病家系的氨基酸转运蛋白基因(SLC6A19)的突变.方法: 提取Hartnup病患者及家族成员的基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增SLC6A19基因所有的外显子,并对PCR产物进行测序序列分析.结果: Hartnup病患者SLC6A19基因存在异常:第6外显子第850位碱基由鸟嘌呤变为腺嘌呤,使第284位氨基酸由甘氨酸(G)转变为精氨酸(R),即G284R错义突变.其弟与患者突变相同.其父母均为G284R突变杂合子.结论: 该Hartnup病家系由氨基酸转运蛋白基因(SLC6A19)的G284R错义突变所致.     

板层状鱼鳞病TGM1基因突变研究

目的 探讨一个板层状鱼鳞病家系转谷氨酰胺酶1基因(TGM1)的突变.方法 提取板层状鱼鳞病患者及家族成员的基因组DNA,采用PCR扩增TGM1基因所有的外显子及其邻近的剪切点并进行双向直接测序,并对TGM1基因的同源性进行分析.结果 板层状鱼鳞病患者TGM1基因存在异常:外显子3的第504位碱基由胞嘧啶突变为胸腺嘧啶,使第142位氨基酸由精氨酸(R)转变为半胱氨酸(C),即R142C错义突变;外显子7的第1122位碱基由胞嘧啶突变为胸腺嘧啶,使348位氨基酸由精氨酸(R)突变为终止密码(R348X),导致其编码的蛋白缺失了C端的470个氨基酸.其父亲为R142C杂合子,母亲为R348X突变杂合子;R142C错义突变位于TGM1基因保守区域.结论 该板层状鱼鳞病患者存在转谷氨酰胺酶1基因的R142C错义突变和R348X无义突变.     

表皮松解性角化过度型鱼鳞病二例及其基因突变的研究

目的 研究二例表皮松解性角化过度型鱼鳞病患者基因突变情况。方法 取患者皮损进行组织病理及电镜检查;提取患者外周血DNA,采用聚合酶链反应及DNA直接测序方法,检测患者皮损角蛋白10(K10)及角蛋白1(K1)基因突变;等位基因特异性引物PCR及限制性内切酶片段长度多态性方法筛查正常人群中该等位基因频率。结果 2例患者均存在K1或K10基因的杂合点突变,即K10基因第2140位G→A,K1基因第4226位G→A,分别导致K10第156位的精氨酸变为组氨酸(R156H)及K1第477位氨基酸从谷氨酸变为赖氨酸(E477K),而正常对照无此替代。结论 K10R156H及K1E477K为导致这2例患者临床表型的特异突变。     

角膜炎、鱼鳞病、耳聋综合征的GJB2基因突变研究

目的 检测国内首例先天性角膜炎、鱼鳞病、耳聋综合征(KID)患者的GJB2基因和GJB6基因突变.方法 提取KID综合征患者及家族成员的基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应扩增GJB2基因和GJB6基因所有的外显子及其邻近的剪切点,并进行双向直接测序.结果 KID综合征患者的GJB6基因未见变化,GJB2基因核苷酸序列exon2第148位碱基由G突变成A,导致蛋白第50位的天冬氨酸转换成天冬酰胺(D50N).结论 GJB2基因突变可能是本例角膜炎、鱼鳞病、耳聋综合征的致病基因.     

Identification of mutations in the ATP2A2 gene in patients with Darier's disease from Hungary

Mutation analysis in the ATP2A2 gene had been performed in eight Hungarian patients with Darier's disease (DD), to get more information about phenotype-genotype relations. All patients had moderate to severe skin symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the entire coding region of ATP2A2 was performed. Mutation detection strategies included heteroduplex scanning by conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and direct nucleotide sequencing. We found distinct, heterozygous mutations (five missense, one nonsense, one deletion, and one insertion), six of which were novel. In a 31-year-old DD woman with learning difficulties we disclosed a previously described missense mutation (D702N) in exon 15. A 44-year-old DD woman had a novel T insertion at nucleotide 559 in exon 7 of the ATP2A2 gene, which resulted in a premature termination codon (PTC) at codon 192. A woman, whose skin symptoms developed unusually late, at the age 50, had a new T deletion (1320delT) in exon 11 resulting in a PTC at codon 448. Our most severe case had a known missense mutation N39T, resulting in a non-conservative amino acid change at the upstream stalk region. Three new missense mutations (A161D, R164S, and Q790P) affected conservative regions of the SERCA2 protein within the activation (A)-domain and the M6 transmembrane region. A further new nonsense mutation (C909X) was detected in the M8 transmembrane domain. Our data suggest that differences in DD phenotypes are probably also related to factors different from the type of causative mutation.     

类脂质蛋白沉积症一家系的基因突变检测

目的研究类脂质蛋白沉积症一家系的细胞外基质蛋白1(ECM1)基因突变。方法采用 DNA双向测序法直接检测类脂质蛋白沉积症一家系中患者及其父母、同胞、子女的ECM1基因。结果直接测序检测出本家系新的突变位点,患者为遗传复合体,ECM1的两个等位基因分别存在错义突变 (C220G)和无义突变(R476X)。在50个正常汉族人的ECM1基因中未发现有突变。患者父亲为突变 C220G的携带者,而母亲为突变R476X的携带者。患者的子女、同胞及同胞子女中大部分为突变C220G 或R476X的携带者。结论本类脂质蛋白沉积症家系存在新的ECM1基因突变位点。     

毛囊角化病一家系及三例散发患者ATP2A2基因突变研究

目的：对毛囊角化病（Darier's disease, DD）一家系及三例散发患者进行ATP2A2基因的突变分析。方法：收集先证者及其家系成员、散发病例的临床资料和外周血,采用PCR技术扩增ATP2A2基因所有编码区及侧翼序列,用Sanger法测序检测潜在的突变,选取与患者无亲缘关系的100例健康人作为对照,同时对已报道的ATP2A2基因突变进行文献回顾。结果：家系中三例患者均检测出ATP2A2基因第5号外显子c.380 G>A(p.G127D)新发错义突变;散发患者S1检测出第13号外显子C.1676G>A(p.R559Q)错义突变,散发患者S2检测出第14号外显子c. 2001C>T(p.D667D)同义突变,散发患者S3未检测出突变。结论：本研究中共发现三个突变,其中c.380G>A(p.G127D)在中国人群中首次报道,拓展了ATP2A2的基因突变谱。     

Detection and comparison of two types of ATP2C1 gene mutations in Chinese patients with Hailey–Hailey disease

The gene ATP2C1 is identified as the defective gene in Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD). The nonsense and missense are two common types of mutations and have ,respectively, been detected in many HHD patients. The aims of our study were to identify the pathogenic ATP2C1 abnormality in Chinese HHD patients, and to compare nonsense and missense mutations in vivo to provide further understanding of the molecular and the physiological basis of HHD. The nucleotide sequencing of the ATP2C1 gene was performed in HHD patients, unaffected family members and 100 unrelated individuals. Meanwhile, we detected and analyzed the clinical manifestations, the expression of ATP2C1 mRNA and hSPCA1 protein in the two types of mutations. Three heterozygous mutations were identified, including a previously reported nonsense mutation (R799X), two novel missense mutations (D644G) and (R417K). The results of comparisons between two types of mutations showed that the common clinical features, the similarly low-level expressions of ATP2C1 mRNA and hSPCA1 protein, but the ATP2C1 mRNA expression of nonsense mutation was lower than missense mutation and even less than half the level of normal people. Our findings expand the known spectrum of ATP2C1 mutations in HHD. We supported the haploinsufficiency theory as prevalent mechanism in both types of mutations, and believed that the differences of ATP2C1 mRNA expressions in peripheral blood may relate with the type of mutation and reflect the state of illness of patients.     

艾滋病患者白念珠菌ERG11基因突变的研究

目的 探讨艾滋病患者的白念珠菌唑类耐药株中唑类抗真菌药物(氟康唑、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑)的作用靶位基因ERG 11基因突变与耐药的关系.方法 用PCR对临床分离的93株白念珠菌的Erg11基因进行扩增、测序,DNAman软件将测序结果与基因库中的X13296进行比对,将突变碱基翻译为氨基酸,确定是否发生错义突变.结果 共检出40个碱基突变位点,包括27个同义突变位点和13个错义突变位点.耐一种药物的突变菌株中每株菌只发生一处错义突变或无错义突变,而耐二种或三种药物的菌株中每株菌还可以同时出现两处或三处错义突变.结论 ERG 11基因错义突变与白念珠菌耐药有关.     

尖锐湿疣皮损中人乳头瘤病毒基因分型研究

目的 采用反向杂交研究尖锐湿疣皮损中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况。方法 提取尖锐湿疣新鲜标本的HPVDNA,采用PGMY09/11引物系统进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)。PCR产物在标记有37种HPV型特异性探针的尼龙膜条带上进行HPVDNA杂交分型。所有DNA模板采用HPV6和11型特异性引物进行PCR检测验证。数据经SPSS11.0统计软件分析。结果 杂交结果显示201例标本HPVDNA均为阳性,共发现31种HPV基因型,其主要的HPV基因型名称及所占比例分别如下:HPV11(53.7%,108/201)、HPV6(43.8%,88/201)、HPV16(6.5%,13/201)、HPV52(6.0%,12/201)、HPV33和HPVcp6108(均为5.5%,11/201)、HPV42(5.0%,10/201)等。60.2%(121/201)的标本由单一型HPV感染,39.8%的标本由混合型HPV感染。HPV6和11型特异性引物PCR结果显示HPV6和11的阳性率分别为45.8%和56.2%,与杂交结果比较,一致性分别为98.5%和96.5%,资值分别为0.97和0.93,P值均<0.001。结论 至少有31种HPV基因型与尖锐湿疣相关。HPV11阳性率最高,HPV68、40、54、67、73、82、35、64和83在尖锐湿疣中少见,HPVcp6108在尖锐湿疣中首次发现,且阳性率较高(与HPV33并列第5位)。HPV26、69、70、71、72和IS39可能与尖锐湿疣不相关。尖锐湿疣中单一型和混合型HPV阳性率分别为60.2%(121/201)和39.8%(80/201)。     

Six novel mutations of the ADAR1 gene in Chinese patients with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria

BACKGROUND: Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited dermatosis and characterized by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the back of hands and feet. The DSH locus was mapped to chromosome 1q21 and subsequently pathogenic mutations were identified in the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) gene in 2003. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we performed a mutation analysis of the ADAR1 gene in eight Chinese families and one sporadic patient with typical DSH. METHODS: PCR and direct sequencing of the ADAR1 gene were performed to identify and confirm the mutations in the eight families and the sporadic patient. RESULTS: Six novel and one known mutations were identified, including four missense mutations (p.K1105N, p.G1047R, p.F1099L, p.G1068R), two frameshift mutations (p.Q779fs-792x, p.P441fs-463x) and one nonsense mutation (p.R1096x). CONCLUSION: Six novel mutations were found in five unrelated families and one sporadic case, which have further improved our understanding on the role of ADAR1 in DSH. Interestingly, we failed to detect any mutations of ADAR1 in two families.     

Hallopeau-Siemens型隐性营养不良型大疱性表皮松解症一例的基因突变研究

目的鉴定一常染色体隐性遗传营养不良型大疱性表皮松解症家系的基因突变。方法应用PCR、DNA直接测序明确突变位点,根据突变位点设计特异性引物,用PCR检测突变位点从而进一步确定该家系的致病原因。结果发现该患者COL7A1基因的一条等位基因第2号外显子上存在S48P的错义突变,而另一条等位基因第27号外显子上存在3625del11缺失突变,造成编码区阅读框架的移位,最终导致蛋白终止密码(PTC)的产生。隐性营养不良型大疱性表皮松解症患者这种两个突变的组合在国际上为首次报道。结论 COL7A1基因的缺失突变和错义突变引起该患者临床症状的特异突变。     

自我改善型火棉胶鱼鳞病三家系12R-脂氧合酶基因突变分析

【摘要】 目的 分析3个自我改善型火棉胶鱼鳞病家系基因突变情况。方法 收集3例自我改善型火棉胶鱼鳞病患者临床资料。提取患者及父母外周血DNA，使用先天性鱼鳞病多基因芯片对患者进行高通量测序，确定致病基因位点后用Sanger测序法对患者及父母DNA双向验证。结果 3例出生时均为火棉胶样儿，2 ~ 4周膜脱落后，均逐渐出现相似的轻度鱼鳞病特征，皮肤干燥，局部细小鳞屑，屈侧易受累，少汗，热不耐受，面颊潮红，轻度掌跖角化或掌纹增多。3例均发现为ALOX12B基因复合杂合突变：例1存在父源c.406_408delGAG、母源c.77T>C突变；例2存在父源c.1013C>T、母源c.1286C>G突变；例3存在父源c.1232T>C、母源c.1440C>A突变。功能预测显示，4个错义突变c.77T>C、c.1286C>G、c.1013C>T、c.1232T> C和1个缺失突变c.406_408delGAG均可能致病，1个无义突变c.1440C>A产生终止密码、编码截短蛋白p.Tyr480Ter，可影响蛋白功能而致病。这6个突变位点既往均未见报道。结论 3例自我改善型火棉胶鱼鳞病患儿均存在ALOX12B基因复合杂合致病突变，每例患儿的2个突变分别来自父母。     

Mutations in the P2RY5 gene underlie autosomal recessive hypotrichosis in 13 Pakistani families

Background  Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis is a rare genetic irreversible hair loss characterized by sparse scalp hair, sparse to absent eyebrows and eyelashes, and sparse axillary and body hair. Affected male individuals have normal beard hair.
Objectives  To search for pathogenic mutations in the human P2RY5 gene in Pakistani families with autosomal recessive hereditary hypotrichosis.
Methods  In the present report, 16 unrelated consanguineous Pakistani families having multiple affected individuals with autosomal recessive hypotrichosis were investigated. Linkage in these families was searched by genotyping microsatellite markers linked to autosomal recessive hypotrichosis loci LAH1, LAH2 and LAH3. Thirteen of the families showed linkage to the LAH3 locus on chromosome 13q14.11–q21.32. These families were then subjected to direct sequencing of the P2RY5 gene, which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor.
Results  Sequence analysis of the P2RY5 gene revealed two novel missense mutations (c.742A>T; p.N248Y and c.830C>T; p.L277P) in three families. Five previously described mutations including three missense (c.188A>T; p.D63V, c.436G>A; p.G146R, c.562A>T; p.I188F), one insertion (c.69insCATG; p.24insHfsX52) and one complex deletion (c.172–175delAACT; 177delG; p.N58–L59delinsCfsX88) were detected in the other 10 families.
Conclusions  Mutations revealed in the present study extend the body of evidence implicating the P2RY5 gene in the pathogenesis of human hereditary hair loss.