基于液晶光阀的全息照相控光仪

设计了通过液晶光阀自动调整全息照相物光和参考光辐照比至最佳状态,同时能实现曝光时间自动控制的控光仪.该仪器巧妙运用液晶光阀和硅光电池器件,使测量、调整、自控一体化,从而提高拍摄优质全息图的工作效率.     

单缝衍射自动测量系统的研究

单缝衍射自动测量系统以单片机AT89S52为控制核心,控制步进电机带动光电池逐点测量衍射条纹光强,再通过串口把测量数据传给计算机处理、显示,减小了人工测量中由于移动光电池,或在读数、计算时出现的误差,达到比传统实验方法更高的精度,并可以节省大量的测量、计算工作量,实现单缝衍射实验的数据采集、计算处理自动化.     

单片机控制数字光强检测计的设计

数字光强检测计利用光电池测量光强相对变化,用AT89S52单片机控制高精度AD对光电池电压进行测量,测量结果存储在E2PROM中,并在液晶屏上显示。全部测量结束后可自动对数据进行计算、处理。本仪器操作简单,精度高,己应用在单缝衍射实验、偏振光实验、双缝干涉实验等实验中。     

物质旋光率的自动测量

改进了传统的视场比较法测量物质旋光率, 采用光电池作为光强传感器, 经过一系列电路变换, 并用微型电机带动检偏器, 实现了自动、准确测量旋光物质的旋光率．     

基于LabVIEW研究硅光电池特性

利用LabVIEW配合Nextkit数据采集卡,通过计算机实时测量,研究了硅光电池的照度特性和输出特性.实验结果显示,用虚拟仪器平台进行硅光电池特性实验,有助于学生了解虚拟实验及实时测量现代测量技术.     

五像限法太阳自动跟踪仪

介绍由两心圆组成的等面积五像限光测量装置工作原理，即当光线与光电池垂直时其投影光斑经过一透镜后正好安全覆盖五片光电池，当光线与光电池成一夹角时，其投影光斑必然发生偏移，将光主在光电池上的偏移转移成光电流差值的变化，实现装置自动跟踪太阳。     

硅光电池实验设计

采用开放式的实验平台设计了硅光电池系列实验,测量了硅光电池在全暗和光照下的伏安特性,开路电压、短路电流和输出电压与光照强度的关系,以及短路电流和开路电压与温度的依赖关系.实验内容包含电学和光度学知识,学生可以掌握硅光电池的工作原理和基本特性.     

光电池光特性的电子测量

应用伴随运算放大器可以精确测量光电池的光特性.本文给出了测量电路,并详细分析了电路原理,导出了光电池光特性的表达式,讨论了工作在线性区的条件.通过Matlab模拟验证,说明设计是正确的.     

光电法测量金属丝的杨氏模量

根据硅光电池的光电特性,设计了测量钢丝杨氏模量实验中的光电测量装置,钢丝在外力作用下被拉长时,硅光电池的受光面积会发生变化,并引起光电流大小的改变.通过测定光电流的显著改变量即可测算出金属丝的微小伸长量,最终获得更准确的钢丝杨氏模量数值.     

透反射率自动化测量系统的原理及测量误差分析

介绍了透反射率自动化测量系统的测量原理及测量过程,分析了测量过程中的入射角定位误差、同轴误差、硅光电池光敏面的非均匀误差、硅光电池的非线性误差、前置放大器转换误差、数据采集卡的采集误差等系统误差以及各种随机误差,并提出了相应的解决方案,为高精度透反射率自动化测量系统的研制提供了理论基础。     

Radial junction silicon solar cells with micro-pillar array and planar electrode interface for improved photon management and carrier extraction

We demonstrate radial p-n junction silicon solar cells with micro-pillar array with higher short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage than comparable planar silicon solar cells. Micro-pillar array, fabricated by RIE, acts as an effective anti-reflection coating for visible light with less than 6% reflection. Compared to devices with planar surface, devices with micro-pillar array show a 27% enhancement in short circuit current. The radial p-n junction of the micro-pillars also improves extraction probability of the photogenerated carriers, which further increases the short circuit current. Typically, micro-pillar solar cells suffer from high recombination losses at the Si/metal interface, resulting in poor V_OC. Our devices prevent these recombination losses by planarizing the Si/metal interface, leading to an open circuit voltage of 622?mV, the highest ever reported for micro-pillar solar cells. This planarized contact also reduces the series resistance associated with radial junctions, leading to series resistance of ≤0.50?Ω-cm² and fill factors up to 76.7%.     

提高微晶硅薄膜太阳电池效率的研究

采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备了系列微晶硅薄膜太阳电池，指出了气体总流量和背反射电极的类型对电池性能参数的影响.电池的I-V测试结果表明：随反应气体总流量的增加，对应电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子都有很大程度的提高，结果使得电池的光电转换效率得以提高.另外，ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极能明显提高电池的短路电流密度，进而也提高了电池的光电转换效率.对气体总流量和背反射电极类型影响电池效率的原因进行了分析. 关键词： 微晶硅薄膜太阳电池 气体流量 ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极     

直接键合的三结太阳能电池研究

本文研制了直接键合的三结GaInP/GaAs/InGaAsP太阳电池.直接键合技术可以减少晶格不匹配的材料在外延生长过程中产生的线位错和面缺陷,将缺陷限制在界面几十纳米的薄层而不向内扩散,是未来实现高效多结电池的发展趋势之一.此类电池国内鲜有报道.本文键合三结电池的键合界面采用p+GaAs/n+InP结构,得到电池开路电压3.0 V,在电池结构没有优化的情况下获得效率24%,表面未做减反膜.开路电压表明三结电池实现了串联,为单片集成的高效多结电池提供了新的途径.对实验结果进行了分析并给出了改进措施.     

Low-temperature-processed ZnO thin films as electron transporting layer to achieve stable perovskite solar cells

Morphology and surface property of ZnO thin films as electron transporting layer in perovskite solar cells are crucial for obtaining high-efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. In this work, two different preparation methods of ZnO thin films were carried out and the photovoltaic performances of the subsequent perovskite solar cells were investigated. ZnO thin film prepared by sol–gel method was homogenous but provided high series resistance in solar cells, leading to low short circuit current density. Lower series resistance of solar cell was obtained from homogeneous ZnO thin film from spin-coating of colloidal ZnO nanoparticles (synthesized by hydrolysis–condensation) in a mixture of 1-butanol, chloroform and methanol. The perovskite solar cells using this film achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.79% when poly(3-hexylthiophene) was used as a hole transporting layer. In addition, the stability of perovskite solar cells was also examined by measuring the photovoltaic characteristic for six consecutive weeks with the interval of 2 weeks. It was found that using double layers of the sol–gel ZnO and ZnO nanoparticles provided better stability with no degradation of PCE in 10 weeks. Therefore, this work provides a simple method for preparing homogeneous ZnO thin films in order to achieve stable perovskite solar cells, also for controlling their surface properties which help better understand the characteristics of perovskite solar cells.     

聚光光强对光伏电池阵列输出性能的影响

基于槽式聚光热电联供系统,深入分析晶硅电池阵列和砷化镓电池阵列在高倍聚光下的输出特性及输出功率的影响因素.研究结果表明,聚光光强下砷化镓电池阵列输出性能优于晶硅电池阵列,高光强会导致光伏电池禁带宽度变窄,短路电流成倍增加,增加输出功率,但同时耗尽层复合率变大,开路电压降低,制约阵列的输出功率;高光强还引起电池温度升高,电池阵列串联内阻增加.分析表明聚光作用下电池阵列串联内阻对输出功率影响巨大,串联内阻从0 Ω增加1 Ω,四种电池阵列输出功率分别损失67.78%,74.93%,77.30%和58.01%. 关键词： 热电联供 太阳电池阵列 串联内阻 输出功率     

基于P-N结的太阳能电池伏安特性的分析与模拟

通过分析实际P-N结与理想模型之间的差别,建立了P-N结二极管及太阳能电池的数学模型;利用Matlab中的系统仿真模块库建立仿真模型,设置参量,求解模型方程并绘制了图形.对太阳能电池在一定光照下旁路电阻及串联电阻取不同数值时对其开路电压、短路电流及填充因子的影响做了模拟,并与实际测得的硅太阳能电池伏安特性进行了比较.模型分析与实验测量的结果表明等效的旁路电阻和串联电阻分别影响电池的开路电压和短路电流.仿真结果与实验测量结果一致.     

A new proposal for Si tandem solar cell: Significant efficiency enhancement in 3C–SiC/Si

In order to considerable enhancement of the efficiency of silicon solar cells, in this paper, for the first time, we present a new proposal for silicon based tandem solar cells. For investigation of this idea, we have evaluated the characteristics of 3C–SiC/Si crystalline tandem solar cells connected series by a tunneling junction, under air mass 1.5 global irradiance spectrums. A 2D simulation including the effects of surface passivation, back surface field (BSF), and carrier tunneling have been performed to obtain the optical and electrical characteristics of single junction silicon, 3C–SiC, and finally the tandem cells. The obtained data illustrate that the best design parameters considering the experimental limitations can be obtained. High energy conversion efficiency for the proposed structure of 26.09% has been achieved for 3C–SiC/Si tandem structure driven by 20.49% and 17.86% conversion efficiencies of single junction Si and 3C–SiC solar cells, respectively. Our results justifies that the higher conversion efficiency of the Si-based tandem structure compared with 3C–SiC and Si cells stems from enhancement of open circuit voltage and fill factor parameter at the hands of decrease in short circuit current limited by the top 3C–SiC cell.     

非晶硅锗电池性能的调控研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术, 研究了非晶硅锗薄膜太阳电池. 针对非晶硅锗薄膜材料的本身特性, 通过调控硅锗合金中硅锗的比例, 实现了对硅锗薄膜太阳电池中开路电压和短路电流密度的分别控制. 借助于本征层硅锗材料帯隙梯度的设计, 获得了可有效用于多结叠层电池中的非晶硅锗电池. 关键词： 非晶硅锗薄膜太阳电池 短路电流密度 开路电压 带隙梯度     

一种高效稳定的光伏LED照明系统设计

为提高光伏照明系统中太阳能电池的光能利用率,对太阳能电池输出进行最大功率跟踪。设计以最大功率跟踪芯片SM72442为核心的太阳能充电控制电路,采用光伏全桥驱动芯片SM72295驱动MOS管,构成同步Buck电路,实现太阳能输出最大功率跟踪;利用LED驱动芯片XL6005设计LED驱动电路。测试数据表明,太阳能光伏电池的充电效率平均达到87.92%,LED驱动电路效率最高为91.6%。系统工作稳定,能满足特定场合下的照明需求。     

有机共混结构叠层太阳电池的研究进展

有机太阳电池由于质轻、价廉、柔性,受到人们的广泛关注.单个有机材料只能吸收部分太阳光,叠层结构的太阳电池将不同吸收带隙的有机材料通过中间层连接起来,既能充分吸收太阳光,又能提高太阳电池的开路电压或短路电流.本文综述了近年来有机共混结构叠层太阳电池的研究进展,介绍了各种叠层有机太阳电池的结构、原理及性能,阐述了国内外有机叠层太阳电池研究的现状及存在问题,为高性能有机太阳电池的研究提供有价值的参考.