偶联剂对聚酰亚胺／纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜结构与性能的影响

将经不同种类硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米Al2O3粒子借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸胶液中,制备聚酰亚胺/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对该杂化薄膜的微观形貌、分子链有序度、热稳定性、力学性能、电击穿场强进行表征与测试.结果表明,偶联剂种类影响杂化薄膜的分子链有序度,在使用4种偶联剂改性纳米Al2O3制备的PI杂化薄膜中,使用偶联剂KH550的Pl杂化薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能最好;使用AE3012的PI杂化薄膜的电击穿场强最高.     

纳米Al2O3的晶型对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜性能的影响

将经偶联剂处理的纳米Al2O3粉体,借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出Al2O3不同晶型、不同含量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对杂化薄膜微观形貌、聚集态结构、光透过率、热稳定性、电击穿场强进行研究,分析Al2O3晶型和含量对PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的结构和性能的影响.结果表明:PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的热稳定性,电击穿场强均高于纯PI薄膜,且随着纳米Al2O3含量的提高热稳定性也随之提高,电击穿场强先升高后降低;填充Al2O3粉体的晶型对PI薄膜分子链堆积密度有较大的影响,导致添加不同晶型Al2O3的杂化薄膜性能的差异.     

微量SiO_2对PI/Al_2O_3复合薄膜性能的影响

通过固定纳米氧化铝(Al2O3)的含量,改变纳米氧化硅(SiO2)的含量,制备一系列纳米SiO2含量不同的聚酰亚胺(PI)/Al2O3/SiO2复合薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对复合薄膜的微观形貌和分子结构进行表征,结果表明纳米颗粒在PI基体中均匀分散,而且纳米颗粒的加入既不影响PI的分子结构又对聚酰胺酸的热亚胺化无影响。同时测试了薄膜的力学性能、击穿场强和耐电晕时间。结果表明,当纳米SiO2质量分数为0.5%时,复合薄膜的击穿场强和耐电晕时间分别为211.15 kV/mm、378 min,均优于纳米SiO2质量分数分别为0,0.1%,0.3%和0.7%的薄膜,并且其力学性能也较优异。     

聚酰亚胺/纳米Al_2O_3三层复合薄膜的制备

将掺杂纳米Al2O3的聚酰胺酸与未掺杂聚酰胺酸在玻璃板上逐层涂膜,热亚胺化制备了3层聚酰亚胺/纳米Al2O3复合薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对该薄膜的微观形貌进行了表征,测试了薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能及电击穿场强.结果表明,复合薄膜的热性能及电击穿场强均高于掺杂薄膜及未掺杂膜,当热失重达到10%时,复合薄膜的热分解温度达到了629.1℃;与掺杂薄膜相比,复合薄膜的力学性能得到明显提高,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为117.4 MPa和18.5%.     

KH550修饰Al_2O_3及其对PI/Al_2O_3薄膜性能的影响

通过调整KH550的含量对Al2O3粉体表面进行改性,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对改性后的粉体进行表征,表征结果显示KH550成功的键合到Al2O3粉体表面。然后分别使用Al2O3以及改性Al2O3制备了一系列无机粉体含量为16%(质量分数)的PI复合薄膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合薄膜的断面微观形貌进行表征,并对复合薄膜的力学性能和击穿场强进行测试。测试结果显示KH550的含量对无机粉体分散情况有较大影响。当KH550含量为2%(质量分数)时,PI/KH550-Al2O3复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最优,分别为130 MPa,12%,与PI/Al2O3薄膜相比,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了22.8%,44.5%,击穿场强与其相近。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备无机纳米/聚酰亚胺杂化膜及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2及A12O3溶胶,并将其掺入到聚酰胺酸基体中,得到无机纳米SiO2-Al2O3/聚酰亚胺杂化膜,并对其结构性能进行了研究.实验表明,薄膜材料中无机纳米SiO2和Al2O3粒子分散均匀,与有机相存在键合;材料热分解温度有所提高.     

聚酰亚胺侧链功能化研究进展

介绍了近年来在聚酰亚胺 (PI)侧链功能化研究方面所取得的进展。主要涉及新型含羟侧基聚酰亚胺的合成和PI OH/SiO2 杂化薄膜材料的制备 ;含联苯介晶基元侧链聚酰亚胺的合成 ;PI OH/SiO2 杂化薄膜中SiO2 含量和 /或偶联剂含量与微相结构、透明性、玻璃化转变温度 ,热稳定性、及力学性能之间关系 ;侧链液晶聚酰亚胺薄膜的聚集态结构、溶解性、玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和力学性能     

纳米Mg(OH)2-ZnO/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的介电和热性能

采用反向沉淀法制备了Mg（OH）₂-ZnO纳米粒子,通过原位聚合和热亚胺化的方法成功制备了不同纳米Mg（OH）₂-ZnO粒子质量分数的纳米Mg（OH）₂-ZnO/聚酰亚胺（PI）复合薄膜,通过SEM、热重分析、介电谱测试仪和击穿场强测试仪对薄膜的表面形貌、热稳定性、介电性能和击穿强度进行表征和测试。结果表明：Mg（OH）₂-ZnO纳米粒子均匀地分散在PI基体中,Mg（OH）₂-ZnO/PI热稳定性下降,介电常数、介电损耗和电导率增加,击穿场强随纳米粒子增加先增加后减小,在纳米粒子含量为2%时,达到最大值296 kV/mm。     

高模量、低热膨胀系数聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜的制备

通过在聚酰胺酸中加入正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和硅烷偶联剂(KH550),制备了不同SiO2含量的PI/SiO2杂化薄膜.采用FTIR、TMA、SEM以及TGA分析了PI/SiO2杂化薄膜的性能和结构.结果表明,TEOS经水解缩合与聚酰亚胺(PI)形成了有机-无机杂化网络结构,SiO2均匀分散在聚酰亚胺基体中;SiO2和偶联剂的引入提高了杂化薄膜的热稳定性;随着SiO2含量的增加,PI/SiO2杂化薄膜的拉伸强度降低,但当SiO2含量达到20%时,弹性模量增大到3.4GPa.     

固体含量对PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜聚集态结构的影响

以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为有机单体,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机前驱体,制备了SiO2含量一定,PAA杂化胶液固体含量不同的PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜.利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)分析了PAA杂化胶液固体含量对PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜聚集态结构的影响.研究结果表明,当PAA杂化胶液固体含量为10%～20%时,团聚的SiO2粒子粒径尺寸随固体含量增加而增加,有机相与无机相界面变清晰,两相作用减弱.随固体含量增加,PI分子链有序度降低,但固体含量对PI分子链有序度的影响很小.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。