内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗晚奥陶世辉长岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗朝不楞以西及巴润布尔嘎斯台地区出露一套辉长岩。LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示该辉长岩体侵位于450～461Ma,属于晚奥陶世。样品的Si O_2、K_2O、TiO、MgO含量低,σ=0.10～2.77,总体属低钾拉斑玄武质系列。随着Mg O含量的增加,主要氧化物如Si O_2、CaO、Fe_2O_3含量呈上升趋势,Al2O3、Na2O呈下降趋势。根据稀土和微量元素特征,可将辉长岩分为三类。第一类REE含量最高,具有微弱的Eu正异常,(La/Yb)_N=19.99～20.3,稀土配分曲线明显右倾,富集LILE(Rb、Sr、Ba),相对亏损Nb、Ta。第二类REE含量减少,具有明显的Eu负异常,(La/Yb)_N=4.88～9.68。第三类REE含量最低,具有明显的Eu负异常,(La/Yb)_N=1.33～2.03。后两类辉长岩均亏损Nb、Sr、Ba,富集Rb、Th、U、Zr、Hf,稀土配分曲线弱右倾,岩石形成过程中可能受到陆壳物质混染。三类辉长岩整体兼具MORB型及岛弧玄武岩特征,可能是晚奥陶世古亚洲洋向北俯冲过程中弧后盆地的产物。     

博格达造山带东段芨芨台子地区晚石炭世双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

博格达造山带东段芨芨台子地区出露大量晚石炭世早期双峰式火山岩组合,岩石类型以亚碱性玄武岩为主,含有少量的流纹岩,属拉斑系列。其玄武岩富钠贫钾(Na2O/K2O=2.84~3.01),Ti O2含量为1.32%~1.43%,略高于N型大洋中脊玄武岩,高Al(Al2O3含量为19.81%~20.60%)、低Mg(Mg O含量为2.95%~3.25%,Mg#为32.33~34.50),表明其原始岩浆发生过明显的橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶作用。玄武岩具有近于平坦的稀土配分模式,轻微正Eu异常(δEu=1.02~1.10,平均为1.04),富集Rb、Ba、P等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Th、Sr、Ti等高场强元素的特征;其微量元素Zr/Nb比值41.13~41.38,Zr/Y比值4.26~4.52(均大于4.00),Rb/Sr比值0.02~0.04(均小于0.05),Dy/Yb比值1.92~2.00,La/Nb比值2.42~2.49,Ba/Nb比值113.58~126.05,Ba/La比值47.02~50.62以及火山岩Zr-Nb、La/Yb-Dy/Yb和La/Nb-La/Ba等判别图解,表明玄武岩可能是亏损尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩向石榴石相地幔橄榄岩过渡相较高程度部分熔融的产物,且在其上升过程中受到一定程度的地壳物质混染,显示了板内玄武岩的地球化学特征,形成于陆内裂谷环境。流纹岩具有较高的Si O2(76.54%~77.74%)和全碱(Na2O+K2O=6.70%~7.70%)含量,以及较低的Ti O2(0.15%~0.16%)、Al2O3(10.70%~10.90%)和Mg O(0.17%~0.18%,Mg#为13.93~14.52)含量;显示右倾负斜率稀土配分模式,铕负异常明显(δEu为0.32~0.33),显著富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta,强烈亏损Sr、Ti、P等高场强元素,指示流纹岩应来自于玄武岩浆上升过程中提供的热量对地壳物质重熔,源区有斜长石残留。芨芨台子地区双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征表明该套火山岩应形成于大陆裂谷环境,同时获得流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(312±1)Ma,表明该套火山岩形成于晚石炭世早期。进一步的Rb-Sr地壳厚度网络图投影表明当时博格达地区地壳厚度为20.0~30.0 km,而且根据Zr-Zr/Y图解推断其地壳拉张速率介于2.0~5.0 cm/a,表明早石炭世早期开始的博格达初始裂谷在晚石炭世早期进一步快速拉张,发展到鼎盛阶段,也代表着博格达地区由碰撞挤压到伸展拉张这个地球动力学环境的重大转折,这一发现进一步证实了博格达造山带在石炭纪处于大陆裂谷演化的观点,为进一步理解博格达地区晚古生代构造格局及板块构造体制提供了重要的地质依据。     

北山地区照壁山南A型花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义

侵入到红柳河蛇绿岩中的照壁山南黑云母二长花岗岩,其SiO_2含量为68.86%~73.27%,具高碱略富K贫Na,(K_2O+Na_2O=7.03~7.98,K_2O/Na_2O=1.16~1.36),AI含量中等(Al_2O_3=13.75%~14.1%)、弱过铝质(A/NKC=1.03~1.07)的特点,属高钾钙碱性系列弱过铝质花岗岩类。岩石具较高的Ga×10~4/Al(5.22~6.48)和Y/Nb(2.71~3.43)值,在原始地慢标准化图解上显示出K、La、Nd、Zr、Hf、Sm富集,Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损,轻、重稀土分异明显,(La/Yb)_N=7.19~13.15,负Eu异常(δEu=0.82~0.84),REE配分曲线呈略右倾"海鸥型"型的特点。研究结果表明黑云母二长花岗岩是在早泥盆世后碰撞伸展环境下,早期俯冲的与岛弧有关的物质受到底侵慢源玄武岩浆的加热部分熔融后,而形成的A(A_2)花岗岩。红柳河—牛圈子—洗肠井蛇绿岩带西段所代表的古洋壳在晚奥陶世—早泥盆世间闭合(446.4~404.8Ma),之后出现一个以挤压结束伸展开始为特征的动力学演化阶段,其转化时间可能在415~404.8Ma。     

内蒙古西乌旗晚石炭世马尼塔埃达克岩的发现及其对古亚洲洋东段洋内俯冲的约束

在内蒙古西乌旗迪彦庙SSZ型蛇绿岩北部新发现一套晚石炭世马尼塔埃达克岩。该埃达克岩位于兴蒙造山带东段贺根山缝合带内岩性为花岗闪长岩和斜长花岗岩。马尼塔埃达克岩SiO2含量为61.91%-75.16%,Al2O3含量为13.54%~17.42%MgO含量为0.33%~2.49%,富钠贫钾(Na2O=4.58%~5.48%,K2O=0.40%~2.08%,Na2O/K2O=2.35~12.96)属于低钾拉斑系列和钙碱性系列岩石;富Sr贫Y(Sr=309.55×10^-6~433.99×10^-6,Y=3.74×10^-6~14.66×10^-6)相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) K、Rb、Sr等,亏损高场强元素(HFSE) Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti、P等;稀土元素总量偏低(35.79×10^-6~70.10×10^-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Yb)N值为1.59~10.11,无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.91~1.51),Yb含量为0.60×10^-6~1.86×10^-6,符合典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征。新获得的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为315.76±0.94 Ma表明马尼塔埃达克岩的形成时代为晚石炭世。马尼塔埃达克岩与迪彦庙SSZ型蛇绿岩、前弧玄武岩、白音呼舒奥长花岗岩等组成洋内俯冲岩石组合,表明古亚洲洋东段在晚石炭世并未关闭,处于洋内俯冲消减过程。     

塔里木克拉通北部沙雅隆起古元古代A型花岗岩的发现及其构造意义

本文对塔里木克拉通北部沙雅隆起桥古2井(QG2)基底碱长花岗岩进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学分析。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成时代为1847±19Ma,为古元古代晚期。岩石SiO_2=66.32%~76.39%,Na_2O+K_2O=7.13%~8.93%,Al2O3=11.21%~13.46%,FeO~T/Mg O=12.1~19.2,TiO_2=0.29%~0.57%,A/CNK=0.89~0.99,为高硅、富碱、富铁、低钙镁、贫钛的准铝质花岗岩。稀土元素总量相对较低(∑REE=64.4×10~(-6)~212.7×10~(-6)),轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)_N=10.2~13.8,轻重稀土元素分馏较明显,δEu值为0.67~1.03,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Sr、P、Ti、Ta、Nb等元素。锆石饱和温度介于856~959℃之间,Ga/Al比值高,显示A型花岗岩特征。岩石具有低Y、Yb、∑HREE、(La/Yb)N和Mg~#值及较高的Nb/Ta、Zr/Sm比值,推测岩浆源区为含有石榴石、斜长石、金红石、辉石等的麻粒岩相,岩浆的形成可能与加厚地壳的部分熔融有关。QG2井A型花岗岩可能代表了塔里木克拉通北部古元古代晚期(约1850Ma)造山期地壳增厚事件的结束,指示了区域构造环境从挤压体制开始转为造山后陆内伸展体制。     

内蒙古渣尔泰地区中生代火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境分析

内蒙古渣尔泰地区处于华北地台西北部,其分布的中生代火山岩划分为两大类,形成于两个喷发旋回。早白垩世早期喷发旋回以中基性火山岩为主,沿近东西向的深大断裂呈北东东向裂隙式喷发;晚期喷发旋回以酸性火山岩为主,沿近南北向断裂带呈裂隙-中心式喷发。中基性火山岩主要为橄榄玄武粗安岩和安粗岩,其SiO_2介于49.65%~56.64%;酸性火山岩包括次火山岩、火山碎屑岩、火山熔岩,其Si O2介于73.18%~83.82%;两者组成典型的宽双峰火山岩。中基性火山岩富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=6.70%~7.47%)、高Ti(TiO_2=2.29%~3.55%)、Fe,相对贫Ca、Mg,富含大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、Ba),轻稀土相对富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,LREE/HREE=4.50~6.47,(La/Yb)N=4.17~8.85,具微弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.67~0.96),具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征,其岩浆来源于交代富集的软流圈地幔,岩浆上升过程中地壳组分混染较少。酸性火山岩富Si、高K,贫Ca、Mg、Fe、Ti,富含大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、Th、U)和高场强元素(HFSE)(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE=2.91~14.3,轻、重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb)N=2.53~28.4,(La/Sm)N=1.16~4.57,(Gd/Yb)N=1.22~5.04,负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.02~0.25),具有A型流纹岩的特征,为幔源岩浆底侵,使上覆的先存地壳岩石发生部分熔融的产物。结合区域地质背景,认为研究区双峰式火山岩形成于西伯利亚板块与华北板块碰撞造山期后陆内拉张的构造环境。     

青藏高原新生代火车头山碱性及钙碱性两套火山岩的地球化学特征及其物源讨论

藏北羌塘火车头山新生代火山岩可区分为钙碱性及碱性两个不同的系列。钙碱性火山岩主要岩石组合为玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩,其SiO_2介于49%～70%之间,Al_2O_3>10%,Na_2O/K_2O>1;其中玄武岩具平坦型稀土配分型式,LREE/HREE为1.3～1.8,(La/Yb)_N为2.87～4.45,无明显铕异常,δEu为0.96～1.09;该套岩石的Mg~#与SiO_2相关关系以及La/sm-La等亲岩浆元素与超亲岩浆元素协变关系表明,它们应为幔源岩浆经分离结晶演化的产物,其岩石组合类型以及低的Sm/Yb值(Sm/Yb=1.53～5.35)表明它们的原始岩浆应来源于岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融。本区碱性火山岩为一套典型的钾质岩石系列,主要岩石组合类型为碱玄岩-碱玄质响岩-响岩,其SiO_2介于44%～59%之间,Al_2O_3>14%,Na_2O/K_2O介于0.47～1.51之间;岩石轻稀土强烈富集,LREE/HREE为13.20～15.76,(La/Yb)_N=50.44～91.99;其岩石组合类型以及Mg~#与SiO_2相关关系以及La/Sm-La协变关系同样表明它们为共源岩浆分离结晶演化的产物;然而,其较高的Sm/Yb值(Sm/ Yb=2.63～13.98)表明它们并非地幔橄榄岩直接局部熔融的产物,岩石弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.77～0.85)以及Th、U的强烈富集和Nb、Ta的相对亏损,又反映了原始岩浆中有显著的地壳物质的贡献;该套钾质碱性系列岩石在La/Co-Th/Co同分母协变图上呈直线型分布,而在La/Co-Sc/Th异分母协变图上呈显著的双曲线分布,从而表明其源区为二源混合型,是青藏高原特殊的壳幔混合层局部熔融的产物,这些特征是新生代青藏高原壳幔层圈物质交换的重要岩石学证据。     

准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造环境意义

准噶尔盆地石炭纪发育区域性的火山岩建造,火山岩岩性以中基性为主,主要为玄武岩、玄武安山岩,同时发育少量酸性的流纹岩,基本属于钙碱性系列。样品全碱(Na_2O+K_2O=2.99%～8.07%)和TiO_2(0.30%～2.57%)含量较高,K_2O含量(0.13%～3.29%)较低,稀土元素含量(∑REE)中等。球粒标准化的REE配分表现轻稀土元素(LREE)相对于重稀土元素(HREE)富集((La/Yb)_N=2.47～7.45)、轻重稀土分异的特征,部分样品的Eu和大部分样品的Ce显示轻微的负异常(δEu=0.543～1.088,δCe=0.787～0.987)。微量元素具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集及高场强元素Nb、Ta亏损的特征,大部分样品(Rb/Yb)_N均远大于1。这些特征结合元素相关环境判别图解表明,准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩是原始岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用后的产物,以板内大陆环境为主,兼具有部分岛弧特征,形成于俯冲碰撞造山期后伸展背景下,火山岩所具有的岛弧特征是碰撞前混染弧组分的继承。     

甘肃北山炭山子东橄榄辉长岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

北山地区是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,位于北山地区大山头杂岩体西的炭山子东基性岩体是揭示中亚造山带南缘晚古生代构造演化的重要载体。炭山子东橄榄辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为366.0±2.8 Ma,代表该岩体的形成年龄。岩石SiO_2(47.83%～52.25%)、K_2O(0.12%～0.45%)、Na_2O(2.47%～3.19%)、MgO(5.30%～9.22%)具由拉斑系列向钙碱性系列演化的特点。岩石轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集[(La/Yb)_N=1.57～4.12],具Eu正异常(δEu=1.15～1.41),富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr、U、K),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr和Ti),Nb/La值为0.23～0.46,Hf/Th值为0.88～3.81,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Si)_i值为0.704 8～0.704 9,εNd(t)值为+3.72～+4.30,指示其形成于活动大陆边缘弧环境。结合区域地质,认为炭山子东橄榄辉长岩是辉铜山-帐房山蛇绿岩所代表的弧后盆地在向北俯冲消减过程中,受俯冲流体交代的亏损岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融的产物,为中亚造山带晚泥盆世地壳垂向生长的直接证据。     

青海省都兰县艾日克汗森地区榴辉岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

青海省都兰县艾日克汗森地区的榴辉岩位于都兰北榴辉岩带西北方向约12km,是最新发现的较大规模榴辉岩产地。此榴辉岩为柴北缘高压-超高压变质带的一部分,大部分退变质程度较高。锆石U-Pb年龄为(435±4)Ma,代表了此榴辉岩峰期变质年龄;该榴辉岩SiO_2含量为48.36%～49.22%,(Na_2O+K_2O)含量为3.28%～3.65%,Na_2O含量均大于K_2O;原岩为基性玄武岩,为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列,构造环境为大洋中脊玄武岩环境。榴辉岩稀土配分曲线表现为右倾型模式,弱富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,(La/Sm)_N=1.70～2.34,(La/Yb)N=1.18～2.54,属于幔源E-MORB型。微量元素表现为强烈亏损Th、P、Zr等高场强元素,富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素。指示了柴北缘晚奥陶世到早志留世时期柴达木陆块与欧龙布鲁克微陆块的深俯冲与碰撞造山背景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with