铁硅合金形成立方织构的有关问题

评述了铁硅合金中通过二次再结晶获得立方织构的一些基本规律。从变形与再结晶织形成的机理，讨论了二次再结晶时立方“晶核”的获得，以及（ｈｋ０）「００１」初次再结晶织构的获得；当杂质偏聚或第二相沉积在晶界上后，由于不同取向晶粒间构成的晶界特性不同，对晶界迁移速率的影响会有很大的差别，讨论了获得取向合适的初次再结晶织构的重要性；从杂质原子在表面吸附后会降低（００１）晶面的表面能，促使立方法晶粒在最后退火时     

预退火温度对Ni-5%W合金立方再结晶织构的影响

作为制备高温超导涂层导体的金属镍基带,需要具有良好的立方织构,而轧制变形量和退火温度对金属镍基体立方织构的形成有很大的影响。采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术研究了不同预退火温度对冷轧形变量为89%的Ni-5%W(原子分数)合金立方再结晶织构的影响。样品先在300和670℃预退火1 h,然后经10%小变形量冷轧,最后在900℃退火1 h。结果表明:预处理温度对于立方再结晶织构的形成有重要的影响,经300℃预回复和670℃部分再结晶退火之后的样品在最终退火后都形成了较高含量的立方织构,且预退火温度对立方晶粒的形核、数量和尺寸有重要作用,经部分再结晶退火之后的样品在最终退火后形成的立方织构含量明显高于经预回复的样品。分析认为,预回复和部分再结晶样品经小变形轧制后,使立方取向晶粒回复加快,增加了立方取向晶粒形核的优势,从而促进立方再结晶织构含量的增加。与此同时,由于部分再结晶预退火比预回复退火形成的立方晶核多,再经小变形量轧制后,通过尺寸优势和应变诱导晶界移动机制(SIBM),部分再结晶预退火得到更多的立方晶粒。     

柱状晶组织高硅电工钢二次再结晶的形成机理

  二次再结晶的发生会显著改变电工钢带材的组织和织构，进而影响其磁性能。以柱状晶组织高硅电工钢冷轧带材为研究对象，研究了不同退火方法对试样组织和织构的影响，明确了二次再结晶的发生条件、形成机理和控制方法。研究结果表明，柱状晶组织高硅电工钢冷轧试样发生二次再结晶的温度区间为850～1 000 ℃，在900 ℃退火可获得最大的晶粒尺寸。二次再结晶的形成是由于初次再结晶后试样的组织形成了织构抑制作用，小角度晶界抑制晶粒正常长大，大角度高能晶界迁移率高，具有大角度晶界的晶粒以取向长大方式发生二次再结晶。当退火温度高于1 000 ℃时，升温和冷却速率大于5 ℃/min可以有效抑制二次再结晶的发生。     

冷轧压下率对无抑制剂取向硅钢初次再结晶退火的影响

对无抑制剂取向硅钢不同压下率下初次再结晶退火后的显微组织、宏观织构和微观织构进行了研究.结果表明,冷轧板织构主要为α取向线{001}＜110＞、{112}＜110＞和{111}＜110＞织构以及γ取向线{111}＜110＞织构.初次再结晶退火后,α取向线织构减弱,织构主要为γ取向线{111}＜112＞织构.随冷轧压下率的增加,冷轧和初次再结晶织构强度增加.当压下率为88％时,初次再结晶退火后 Goss 织构和{111}＜112＞织构强度最高,最有利于发生二次再结晶.EBSD 分析显示,Goss 取向晶粒大多与{111}＜112＞取向晶粒相邻.提高冷轧压下率,Goss取向晶粒和{111}＜112＞取向晶粒都增加,Goss 取向晶粒偏离理想取向角度减少.     

热轧板常化工艺对取向硅钢冷轧板退火组织和性能的影响

试验研究了取向硅钢(/%:0.046C,3.07Si,0.09Mn,0.029P,0.004S,0.005 Al,0.001Ti,0.001 40,0.009 6N)2.66 mm热轧板1 100℃2 min空冷10 s至960℃3min空冷常化后,经一次冷轧,中间退火,二次冷轧0.3 mm板,820℃5 min空冷初次再结晶退火,并经1 050℃空冷二次再结晶退火后的组织、织构和磁性能。通过对比常化和无常化样品的初次再结晶退火后试样以及二次再结晶退火后试样的组织和性能,得出常化工艺对退火过程的影响。结果表明,热轧板常化处理可以降低冷轧板初次退火后的初次再结晶晶粒尺寸,使∑₉晶界和大角度晶界百分含量增加,高斯取向晶粒含量增加,还可以使二次再结晶晶粒增大,提高磁感应强度、降低铁损。     

高性能取向硅钢的工业化生产研究

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪等分析了宁波钢铁有限公司生产的取向硅钢不同工序下的组织及织构演变规律.结果 表明:铸坯经过热轧后,沿着厚度方向组织不均匀;一次冷轧并经脱碳退火后,组织由条状纤维状变成等轴状的初次再结晶晶粒,初次再结晶平均晶粒尺寸为18.17 μm,织构主要以α织构和γ织构为主;在二次冷轧后,晶粒再次被压缩,转变为纤维状,织构主要为γ织构;经过高温退火后,发生二次再结晶,晶粒异常长大,晶粒尺寸达到厘米级,织构成分为单一且锋锐的Goss织构.     

薄板坯连铸连轧工艺下Hi-B钢的组织及织构

采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜研究实验室模拟薄板坯连铸连轧（TSCR）工艺试制的高磁感取向硅钢（Hi-B钢）组织、织构的演变特征.研究发现实验室模拟薄板坯连铸连轧工艺试制的Hi-B钢热轧板显微组织及织构在厚度方向上存在不均匀性.常化板表面脱碳层铁素体晶粒明显粗化,常化板织构基本继承了热轧板相应的织构类型,仅织构强度不同.一次大压下率冷轧后,晶粒及其晶界沿轧向被拉长形成鲜明的纤维组织,织构主要为α纤维织构和γ纤维织构,脱碳退火后试样发生回复和再结晶现象并形成初次晶粒组织,脱碳退火后织构分布较为集中.温度升高至1000℃时二次再结晶开始,1010℃时钢中晶粒发生异常长大,高斯织构强度达到61.779.成品磁感为1.915 T,铁损为1.067 W·kg-1.      

中温含铜取向硅钢的形变和再结晶织构特征

通过对比中温含铜取向硅钢与普通取向硅钢和高磁感取向硅钢的组织和织构特征,分析中温含铜取向硅钢独特的织构演变规律及其对二次再结晶行为的影响.结果表明,为了获得有利于高斯晶粒长大的强γ取向线织构,中温含铜钢需经过回复退火处理和高温退火阶段慢速升温.回复过程中γ取向线晶粒储能降低,同时慢速升温有利于γ取向线晶粒的形核和再结晶.中温含铜钢的二次再结晶开始温度超过1000℃,由于初次再结晶晶粒组织以γ织构为主且非γ取向线晶粒较少,导致最终二次晶粒尺寸超大且晶界圆滑,二次再结晶机理以择优长大为主导,超大的二次晶粒尺寸导致最终成品的铁损升高,但通过激光刻痕处理后,整体铁损的降低效果比二次晶粒较小的高磁感取向硅钢更加显著.      

Ni/Ni_3Al两相合金箔材的退火行为研究

研究了冷轧变形95%的Ni/Ni3Al两相合金箔材在经过100h退火后的再结晶过程以及织构和晶粒的微取向的变化。对其织构的测量未表现出如冷轧单相Ni3Al合金退火后所具有的织构记忆效应。EBSD(electron back-scattered diffraction)的测量结果显示退火后根据晶粒的取向可分为两个区域,一个区域的晶粒保持了与冷轧后试样的晶粒相同的取向,即其取向为(110),并且这一区域沿轧制方向呈带状分布,而另一个区域的晶粒的取向则为随机的。两个区域中(110)取向晶粒所占的百分比依次为57%和16%,并且在长时间退火后这种带状结构依然存在。冷轧变形95%的Ni/Ni3Al两相合金箔材在600～800℃之间退火时存在两种再结晶过程。一部分区域退火后生成大量的晶粒取向随机分布的再结晶晶粒,而在另一部分区域则其再结晶晶粒保持与冷轧织构相同的晶粒取向,并随着退火温度的升高而长大。     

不同抑制剂的取向硅钢再结晶行为

比较了几种抑制剂对冷轧取向3％Si-Fe合金初次再结晶和二次再结晶行为的影响。证明AlN比MnS有更强的抑制作用。初次再结晶基体的稳定性对二次再结晶发展比初次晶粒尺寸更重要。(110)[011]二次晶核起源于热轧板表面1/5～1/4深度区域。经大压下率冷轧和退火的含AlN抑制剂的钢中二次晶核呈饼状,二次晶粒长大是各向异性的。经中等压下率冷轧和退火的含MnS抑制剂的钢中,二次晶粒长大是各向同性的。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.