In_(0.95)Ag_(0.045)Ga_(0.005)合金中的电四极相互作用

本文采用时间微分扰动角关联方法,测量了80—422K温度范围内~(111)Cd在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中的四极相互作用随温度的变化,进而导出晶格电场梯度的温度变化。在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中,晶格电场梯度的温度变化遵从T~(3/2)定律:V_(zz)(T)=V_(zz)(0)(1—BT~(3/2)),斜率B=7.48(47)·10~(-5)K~(-3/2)。在80、298和422K的电场梯度分布宽分别为0.1147(259)、0.0924(340)和1.344(175)。表明在液氮温度和室温时,合金的晶格结构特性较好,温度升高,晶格结构特性变坏。     

Precipitation of Thorium or Uranium(VI) Complex Ion with Cobalt(III) or Chromium(III) Complex Cation, (II)

The precipitations of thorium and uranium(VI) sulfito complex ions with hexammine cobalt(III) chloride as the precipitant have been studied.

The orange-colored uranium(VI) precipitate obtained is [Co(NH₃)₆]₄[UO₂(SO₃)₃]₃22H₂O, which is in the form of square bipyramid, about 4 μm across in a cubic symmetry of the diamond type with a=10.40Å It decomposes to an oxide mixture of Co₃O₄ and U₃O₈ above 850°C in the air through a sulfate mixture of CoSo₄ and UO₂SO₄.

Composition of the thorium precipitate varies with the precipitation conditions. Therefore, it is considered that the thorium precipitate contains thorium hydroxide and basic thorium sulfite.     

Radiation-induced branching and crosslinking of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)

The effect of electron beams on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) at elevated temperatures above the melting point on oxygen-free conditions has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile test. The investigations have shown that the chemical structure and several properties of PTFE are greatly altered by the irradiation. DSC and WAXS indicate that the crystallinity of the PTFE irradiated with high doses is reduced. CF₃ side groups and branched structures are assumed to hinder the crystallization. TGA has shown that the thermal stability of the radiation-modified PTFE is considerably lower than that of unirradiated PTFE.     

Precipitation of Thorium or Uranium(VI) Complex Ion with Cobalt(III) or Chromium(III) Complex Cation, (III)

Chloride ion (foreign ion) effect on the precipitation of thorium or uranium (VI) sulfato, carbonato and oxalato complex ions has been studied. The results are in correlation with the chemical species present in the solution.

The precipitation of highly-charged complex ions is affected by chloride ion and the precipitation yield decreases with chloride salt concentration. The precipitation of sulfato complex ion shows only slight dependency on the chloride salt concentration because of the absence of highly-charged sulfato complex ion under the experimental conditions.     

Kinetic behavior of the (n)-Li-(T)-D-(n) fusion cycle to stochastic reactivity inputs

The statistical properties of the (n)-Li-(T)-D-(n) fusion cycle response are examined via the general Fokker-Planck theory for linear systems with random coefficients. The Fokker-Planck equation for the chain carrier density probability distribution is obtained for a Gaussian stationary random reactivity fluctuation and the first few moment equations are used to establish the stability conditions of the mean and mean square. Finally, an expression for the spectral density of the chain carrier response is presented.     

掺Pb超导体（Bi2—xPbx）Ca2.5Nd0.5Cu2O8＋y的正电子寿命研究

室温测量了（Ｂｉ２－ｘＰｂｘ）Ｃａ２．５Ｎｄ０．５Ｃｕ２Ｏ８＋ｙ超导体的正电子寿命与Ｐｂ含量的关系。在２２１２相发现随着Ｐｄ含量的增加正电子体寿命相应地减小，分析表明，这是由于Ｐｂ替换了Ｂｉ，使电子从Ｃｕ－Ｏ面或其它晶位迁移到Ｂｉ－Ｏ层，并导致Ｂｉ－Ｏ层电子密度增加所致。     

Pu(OH)4(am)与碳酸根的配位行为研究

为了解在惰气环境Pu(OH)_4(am)与碳酸盐溶液中HCO^-₃，CO^2-₃的配位行为，考察了放置时间对Pu总浓度的影响；同时也考察了pH值、碳酸根总浓度变化对碳酸盐溶液中Pu的主要存在形态及溶解总浓度的影响。实验结果表明，HCO^-₃离子与Pu(OH)_4(am)生成[Pu(OH)₄(HCO₃)₂]^2-（lg K=-2.61±0.18, lgβ=54.25±0.18）或[Pu(OH)₂(CO₃)₂]^2-（lgK=-2.61±0.18, lgβ=46.91±0.18）；CO^2-₃离子与Pu(OH)_4(am）生成[Pu(OH)₄(CO₃)₂]^4-（lgK=-3.52±0.11, lgβ=53.33±0.11）。可能的配位反应方程式为： Pu(OH)_4(am)+2HCO^-₃ = [Pu(OH)₄(HCO₃)₂]^2-, Pu(OH)_4(am)+2HCO^-₃ =[Pu(OH)₂(CO₃)₂]^2-+2H₂O, Pu(OH)_4(am)+2CO^2-₃=[Pu(OH)₄(CO₃)₂]^4-。     

Model-based cross section calculations on production of ~(43,34)Sc,~(45)Ti,~(51)Cr,~(54)Mn,and ~(55)Fe radioisotopes

A cross section database on excitation functions of reactions produced by charged particles is essential for many areas of nuclear research. Particularly, accurate knowledge on nuclear cross sections for the cyclotron production of radioisotopes is very important for nuclear medicine. In the present paper, the cross section calculations for the production of~(43),~(34)Sc,~(45)Ti,~(51)Cr,~(54)Mn, and~(55) Fe radioisotopes were carried out by the use of ALICE/ASH code using the Fermi gas model, Kataria Ramamurthy Fermi gas model, and superfluid nuclear model for nuclear level density. Thereby, these model calculations were compared with the available measured data.     

我国膳食中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra、~(210)Pb 和~(210)Po含量及其所致内照射剂量

作为1990年全国总膳食调查的放射性物质部分,本文报道了组成我国膳食的各类食品中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra、~(210)Pb 和~(210)Po 含量的测定结果;按调查所得膳食组成和食品中核素含量,估算了我国居民(成年男子)当前这些核素经食入所致年摄入量和待积有效剂量当量。结果表明,每年食入所致总待积有效剂量当量约为0.24 mSv,贡献较大的食品是蔬菜、水产品和谷类,贡献较大的核素为~(210)Pb、~(210)Po 和~(228)Ra。这些结果更新了我国膳食中这些核素的资料,补充了来自饮水的数据。文中还讨论了我国膳食组成的地区差异及其对居民摄入量和所致内照射剂量的影响。     

~(125)Ⅰ标记蛋白质示踪物的制备

近年来,我们用聚丙烯酰胺电泳法制备了猪前胰岛素、人生长激素、甲胎蛋白及胰岛素等~(125)I标记物。经鉴定和应用于放射免疫分析,效果较满意。     

117Snm(113Sn)(Ⅳ)-四（4-磺酸苯基）卟啉的制备

为了研制对辐射增敏的、肿瘤治疗用的117Snm放射性药物，研究了117Snm(113Sn)(Ⅳ)与四（4 磺酸苯基）卟啉（TPPS4）的反应条件和该配合物的体外稳定性及其化学计量组成。研究结果表明，用天然丰度的金属锡粒作靶料，在中子注量率为4×1013cm-2·s-1的条件下，照射90h，可以获得比活度为013GBq/g的117Snm和616MBq/g的113Sn；在pH为2~4、沸水浴中反应30min时，117Snm(113Sn)(Ⅳ) TPPS4标记率大于95%。该放射性配合物有良好的稳定性和抗生理盐水稀释性能，室温下放置48h或用生理盐水稀释5~15倍，其放化纯度基本不变；该配合物中Sn(117Snm(113Sn))与TPPS4的配位比为1∶1。     

~(107)Ag(d,2n)~(107)Cd和~(109)Ag(d,2n)~(109)Cd反应的激发函数

用13.4MeV的氘束轰击天然银迭靶,银箔前后用铝箔作捕集减能膜。实验确定了~(107)Ag(d,2n)~(107)Cd和~(109)Ag(d,2n)~(109)Cd反应的激发函数,同时作了理论计算。由结果可见,实验值与理论值吻合得很好。     

^89Sr和^90Sr的同时定量测定

一、引言关于多组份的β源的同时定量测定,Biller曾提出用跟踪测量-图解法获得各组份的量,但是对于寿命较长的~(89)Sr和~(90)Sr-~(90)Y的测量则不适用。为了测量它们,一般采用选择适当的冷却和测量时间,使多组份β源简化为单组份的贡献。所以,有关~(89)Sr和~(90)Sr的同时定量测定尚未见文献中报道。~(90)Sr的半衰期较长(T_(1/2)=28.6a),其子体~(90)Y的β射线能量较高(2.284 MeV),是极毒物质。通过~(235)U裂变生产的口服或注射用的医用同位素(如~(99)Mo-~(99)Tc发生器)中的~(89)Sr和~(90)Sr的含量必须符合我国卫生部部颁标准(~(89)Sr为6×10~(-5)%,~(90)Sr为6×10~(-6)%)。这就需要有一个合适的定量测量方法。为此,本工作研究和建立了β发射核~(89)Sr,~(89)Sr-~(90)Y的分离和同时定量测定的方法。     

从~(237)Np中分离高纯度的~(233)Pa的新方法

一、引言~(231)Pa是AcU(~(235)U)天然放射系的一个重要成员。在海洋地球化学和地质年代学研究中,它是一个非常重要的核素。但可作为~(231)Pa分离用的产额示踪剂的核素只有~(233)Pa,它是β-γ发射体,半衰期短(27.0 d)。因此如果能够简便地制得示踪剂~(233)Pa,对~(231)Pa年代学的研究和应用以及对镤化学和放射化学的研究无疑是个促进。     

Re/99Tcm(CO)3-EPBI与Aβ(1～40)结合能力的测定及生物分布

为发展锝-99m标记的阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)早期诊断显像药物,在荧光测定法基础上,建立了体外荧光法测定羰基铼配合物与Aβ_(1～40)淀粉样纤维结合的解离常数K_d的方法.同时,合成了配体2-(1-乙基苯并咪唑)吡啶(EPBI)及其铼的配合物Re(CO)_3Cl(EPBI),测定后者与体外缠结Aβ_(1～40)结合的解离常数Kd;采用直接标记法制备EPBI的[~(99)Tc~m(CO)_3]~+配合物,并研究配合物[~(99)Tc~m (CO)_3]~+-EPBI的理化性质及生物分布.结果表明,Re(CO)_3Cl(EPBI)与Aβ_(1～40)结合的解离常数K_d=13.3 μmol/L;正常小鼠体内生物分布研究表明,化合物[~(99)Tc~m (CO)_3]~+-EPBI的脑初始(2 min内)摄取值为(0.63±0.17)%ID/g(n=3),在脑内清除较快,120 min时,摄取值为(0.27±0.03)%ID/g(n=3).     

U(Ⅵ)电还原反萃动力学研究——Ⅱ.U(Ⅵ)反萃和U(Ⅳ)萃取动力学

本文在带有阴阳极的恒界面池中研究了HNO_3-N_2H_5NO_3(H_2O)/UO_2(NO_3)_2-HNO_3(30％TBP-煤油)体系在U(Ⅵ)电解还原过程中的U(Ⅵ)反萃和U(Ⅳ)萃取动力学。这是U(Ⅵ)电还原反萃动力学研究的第二步。根据实验结果和数据处理,得到U(Ⅵ)反萃和U(Ⅳ)萃取过程的表观活化能分别为36.02kJ/mol和21.13kJ/mol;U(Ⅵ)反萃和U(Ⅳ)萃取速率随两相搅拌速率的增大而增大;U(Ⅵ)反萃和U(Ⅳ)萃取过程均由扩散控制。随着阴极电位的降低,U(Ⅵ)反萃和U(Ⅳ)萃取速率均增大。     

Extraction of uranium（VI）from nitric acid with N—decanoylpyrrolidine（DPOD）in toluene

The extraction behaviors of uranium(VI) from nitric acid by N-decanoylpyrrolidine (DPOD) in toluene has been studied at varying concentrations of nitric acid,extractant,salting out agent LiNo3 and at different temperatures.The mechanism of extraction is discussed in the light of the results obtained.     

Detection of CdS(Te) and ZnSe(Te) scintillation light with siliconphotodiodes

Some scintillation characteristics of CdS(Te) have been investigated. The scintillation emission spectrum of CdS(Te) single crystals is situated in a band between 560 and 800 nm with, maximum at 640 nm. The light yield of this red emitting crystal on a microsecond time scale is rather large: approximately 1.7×10⁴ photons per MeV of absorbed γ-ray energy. The scintillation light can be efficiently detected with silicon photodiodes. Results are presented. Main decay time components of 270 ns and 3.0 μs were measured. The scintillation mechanism and the application of the material are discussed. Some data regarding a similar system, ZnSe(Te), are presented     

α能谱法测量尿中的~(241)Am

以241Am为指示剂,采用共沉淀的浓集方法浓集尿中的镅,经阴离子交换法分离纯化,然后电镀制源,用低本底α测量仪和α谱仪对尿中的241Am进行测量。在加入10-3Bq241Am指示剂的情况下,回收率可达到60%以上。结果表明,用这种方法可以对尿中10-3Bq的241Am进行定量分析,结果的不确定度小于40%。     

甲基膦酸二甲庚酯对Zr(Ⅳ)的萃取行为

以正十二烷为稀释剂，研究了甲基膦酸二甲庚酯(DMHMP)萃取剂对硝酸介质中Zr(Ⅳ)的萃取性能。从3.0 mol/L HNO₃中萃取Zr(Ⅳ)的分配比与萃取剂浓度及硝酸根浓度的关系表明：萃取过程中DMHMP以中性萃取剂形式与Zr(Ⅳ)配位，萃取反应方程式主要为： Zr⁴⁺+2DMHMP+4NO^-₃=Zr(NO₃)₄·2DMHMP 随着硝酸浓度的增大，还会生成Zr(NO₃)₄·2DMHMP·2HNO₃和Zr(NO₃)₄·2DMHMP·3HNO₃。该反应为放热反应，降低温度有利于DMHMP对Zr(Ⅳ)的萃取。